Arthur Honegger |

Arthur Honegger

Honegger ndi mbuye wamkulu, mmodzi mwa olemba amakono ochepa omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba. E. Jourdan-Morange

Wolemba nyimbo wachifalansa wodziwika bwino A. Honegger ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri opita patsogolo kwambiri munthawi yathu ino. Moyo wonse wa woyimba wosunthika uyu ndi woganiza bwino unali ntchito kwa luso lake lokondedwa. Anapereka luso lake losiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu kwa iye kwa zaka pafupifupi 40. Chiyambi cha ntchito ya wopeka unayamba zaka za nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, ntchito otsiriza zinalembedwa mu 1952-53. Peru Honegger ali ndi nyimbo zopitilira 150, komanso zolemba zambiri zotsutsa pazambiri zoyaka moto zaluso zamakono zamakono.

Wobadwa ku Le Havre, Honegger adakhala nthawi yayitali yaunyamata ku Switzerland, kwawo kwa makolo ake. Anaphunzira nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana, koma osati mwadongosolo, kaya Zurich kapena Le Havre. Mowona mtima, adayamba kuphunzira nyimbo ali ndi zaka 18 ku Paris Conservatory ndi A. Gedalzh (mphunzitsi wa M. Ravel). Apa, woimba tsogolo anakumana D. Milhaud, amene, malinga Honegger, anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa iye, anathandiza kuti mapangidwe zokonda zake ndi chidwi nyimbo zamakono.

Njira yolenga ya wolembayo inali yovuta. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20. adalowa mu gulu lolenga la oimba, omwe otsutsa amatchedwa "French Six" (malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mamembala ake). Kukhala kwa Honegger m'derali kunapereka chilimbikitso chachikulu pakuwonetsa kutsutsana kwamalingaliro ndi luso mu ntchito yake. Anapereka msonkho wodziwika ku constructivism mu nyimbo yake ya okhestra Pacific 231 (1923). Ntchito yake yoyamba inatsagana ndi kupambana kochititsa chidwi, ndipo ntchitoyo inalandira kutchuka kwaphokoso pakati pa okonda mitundu yonse ya zinthu zatsopano. "Poyamba ndidayitcha kuti Symphonic Movement," alemba Honegger. “Koma… nditamaliza chigolicho, ndinachitcha kuti Pacific 231. Umu ndi mtundu wa masitima apamtunda omwe amayenera kutsogolera masitima olemera”… Rugby" ndi "Symphonic Movement No. 3".

Komabe, ngakhale kugwirizana kulenga ndi "Zisanu ndi chimodzi", wopeka wakhala wosiyana ndi ufulu wa kuganiza luso, amene potsiriza anatsimikiza mzere waukulu wa chitukuko cha ntchito yake. Kale m'ma 20s. Honegger anayamba kupanga ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri, zaumunthu komanso zademokalase. Cholembedwa chodziwika bwino chinali oratorio "Mfumu Davide". Anatsegula mndandanda wautali wa nyimbo zake zoyimba komanso zoimbaimba "Calls of the World", "Judith", "Antigone", "Joan of Arc pamtengo", "Dance of the Dead". M'mabuku awa, Honegger payekha payekha komanso payekha amatsutsana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana mu luso la nthawi yake, amayesetsa kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino omwe ali amtengo wapatali kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake kukopa kwa mitu yakale, ya Bayibulo ndi yanthawi zakale.

Ntchito zabwino kwambiri za Honegger zadutsa magawo akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zachititsa chidwi omvera ndi kumveka bwino komanso kutsitsimuka kwa chilankhulo cha nyimbo. Wopeka yekha anachita mwakhama monga wochititsa ntchito zake m'mayiko angapo ku Ulaya ndi America. Mu 1928 anapita ku Leningrad. Apa, ubale waubwenzi ndi wolenga unakhazikitsidwa pakati pa Honegger ndi oimba a Soviet, makamaka ndi D. Shostakovich.

Mu ntchito yake, Honegger sanali kuyang'ana ziwembu zatsopano ndi mitundu, komanso kwa womvera watsopano. “Nyimbo ziyenera kusintha anthu ndi kukopa anthu ambiri,” anatero wolemba nyimboyo. "Koma chifukwa cha izi, ayenera kusintha mawonekedwe ake, kukhala osavuta, osavuta komanso amitundu yayikulu. Anthu alibe chidwi ndi luso laopeka komanso kusaka. Uwu ndi mtundu wa nyimbo zomwe ndinayesera kupereka "Jeanne pamtengo". Ndinayesa kukhala wofikirika kwa omvetsera wamba ndi wokondweretsa kwa woimbayo.”

Zokhumba zademokalase za woimbayo zidawonekera m'ntchito yake mumitundu yanyimbo ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Amalemba zambiri ku cinema, wailesi, zisudzo. Pokhala membala wa French People's Music Federation mu 1935, Honegger, pamodzi ndi oimba ena opita patsogolo, adalowa m'gulu la gulu lodana ndi fascist Popular Front. M'zaka izi, iye analemba nyimbo misa, kusinthidwa nyimbo wowerengeka, nawo mu nyimbo makonzedwe zisudzo mu kalembedwe zikondwerero misa ya Great French Revolution. Kupitiriza koyenera kwa ntchito ya Honegger inali ntchito yake m'zaka zomvetsa chisoni za kugonjetsedwa kwa Fascist ku France. Membala wa gulu lotsutsa, ndiye adapanga ntchito zingapo zokonda kwambiri dziko lawo. Izi ndi Second Symphony, Songs of Liberation ndi nyimbo za wailesi ya Beats of the World. Pamodzi ndi luso la mawu ndi oratorio, ma symphonies ake 5 nawonso ndi omwe adapambana kwambiri ndi wolemba. Otsiriza a iwo analembedwa pansi pa lingaliro lachindunji la zochitika zoopsa za nkhondo. Ponena za zovuta zoyaka zanthawi yathu ino, adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mtundu wa symphonic wazaka za zana la XNUMX.

Honegger adawulula luso lake lopanga osati pakupanga nyimbo zokha, komanso m'mabuku olembedwa: adalemba mabuku atatu oimba komanso osapeka. Pokhala ndi mitu yambiri yosiyanasiyana mu cholowa chovuta kwambiri cha wolemba nyimbo, mavuto a nyimbo zamakono komanso kufunikira kwake kwa chikhalidwe ndizofunika kwambiri. M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, wolemba analandira kuzindikira padziko lonse, anali dokotala aulemu wa University of Zurich, ndipo anatsogolera angapo ovomerezeka mabungwe oimba nyimbo.

I. Vetlitsyna

Zolemba:

machitidwe - Judith (sewero la m'Baibulo, 1925, 2nd ed., 1936), Antigone (lyric tragedy, lib. J. Cocteau pambuyo pa Sophocles, 1927, tr "De la Monnaie", Brussels), Eaglet (L'aiglon , pamodzi ndi G. Iber, yochokera pa sewero la E. Rostand, 1935, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1937, Monte Carlo), ballet - Choonadi ndi bodza (Vèritè - mensonge, puppet ballet, 1920, Paris), Skating-Ring (Skating-Rink, Swedish roller ballet, 1921, post. 1922, Champs Elysees Theatre, Paris), Fantasy (Phantasie, ballet- sketch , 1922), Under Water (Sous-marine, 1924, post. 1925, Opera Comic, Paris), Metal Rose (Rose de mètal, 1928, Paris), Cupid and Psyche's Wedding (Les noces d 'Amour et Psychè, pa themes of “French Suites” by Bach, 1930, Paris), Semiramide (ballet-melodrama, 1931, post. 1933, Grand Opera, Paris), Icarus (1935, Paris), White Bird Has Flew ( Un oiseau blanc s' est envolè, ​​​​for an aviation festival, 1937, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris), Song of Songs (Le cantique des cantiques, 1938, Grand Opera, Paris), The Birth of Colour (La naissance des couleurs, 1940, ibid.), The Call of the Mountains (L'appel de la montagne, 1943, post. 1945, ibid.), Shota Rustaveli (pamodzi ndi A. Tcherepnin, T. Harshanyi, 1945, Monte Carlo), Man in a Leopard Khungu (L'homme a la peau de lèopard, 1946); alireza - The Adventures of King Pozol (Les aventures du roi Pausole, 1930, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris), Beauty from Moudon (La belle de Moudon, 1931, tr "Jora", Mézières), Baby Cardinal (Les petites Cardinal , ndi J. Hibert, 1937, Bouffe-Parisien, Paris); siteji oratorios - Mfumu David (Le roi David, kutengera sewero la R. Moraks, 1st edition - Symphonic psalm, 1921, tr "Zhora", Mezieres; 2nd edition - dramatic oratorio, 1923; 3rd edition - opera -oratorio, 1924, Paris ), Amphion (melodrama, 1929, post. 1931, Grand Opera, Paris), oratorio Cries of Peace (Cris du monde, 1931), dramatic oratorio Joan wa Arc pamtengo (Jeanne d' Arc au bucher, zolemba za P. Claudel, 1935, Spanish 1938, Basel), oratorio Dance of the Dead (La danse des morts, text by Claudel, 1938), dramatic legend Nicolas de Flue (1939, post. 1941, Neuchâtel ), Christmas Cantata (Une cantate de Noel , m’malemba achipembedzo ndi a anthu, 1953); za orchestra - 5 symphonies (choyamba, 1930; chachiwiri, 1941; Liturgical, Liturgique, 1946; Zosangalatsa za Basel, Deliciae Basilienses, 1946, symphony of three res, Di tre re, 1950), Prelude to the drama "Aglavena" (Plavenae) pour ” Aglavaine et Sèlysette”, 1917), The Song of Nigamon (Le chant de Nigamon, 1917), The Legend of the Games of the World (Le dit des jeux du monde, 1918), Suite Summer Pastoral (Pastorale d'ètè , 1920), Mimic Symphony Horace- wopambana (Horace victorieux, 1921), Song of Joy (Chant de joie, 1923), Prelude to Shakespeare's The Tempest (Prèlude pour “La tempete”, 1923), Pacific 231 (Pacific 231, 1923 ), Rugby (Rugby, 1928) , Symphonic movement No 3 (Mouvement symphonique No3, 1933), Suite kuchokera ku nyimbo za filimu "Les Misérables" ("Les misèrables", 1934), Nocturne (1936), Serenade Angélique (Sèrenade Angélique) kutsanulira Angèlique, 1945), Suite archaique (Suite archaique , 1951), Monopartita (Monopartita, 1951); zoimbaimba ndi orchestra - concertino ya piyano (1924), ya Volch. (1929), chamber concerto for flute, English. nyanga ndi zingwe. orc. (1948); ma ensembles a chipinda - 2 sonatas ya Skr. ndi fp. (1918, 1919), sonata cha viola ndi piyano. (1920), sonata kwa vlc. ndi fp. (1920), sonatina kwa 2 Skr. (1920), sonatina ya clarinet ndi piyano. (1922), sonatina ya Skr. ndi VC. (1932), 3 zingwe. quartet (1917, 1935, 1937), Rhapsody ya zitoliro ziwiri, clarinet ndi piano. (2), Anthem for 1917 zingwe (10), 1920 counterpoints kwa piccolo, oboe, skr. ndi VC. (3), Prelude ndi Blues kwa azeze quartet (1922); za piyano - Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio expressivo (1910), Toccata and Variations (1916), 3 zidutswa (Prelude, Dedication to Ravel, Hommage a Ravel, Dance, 1919), 7 pieces (1920), Sarabande kuchokera ku album "Six" ( 1920), Swiss Notebook (Cahier Romand, 1923), Dedication to Roussel (Hommage a A. Rousell, 1928), Suite (kwa 2 fp., 1928), Prelude, arioso ndi fughetta pamutu wa BACH (1932), Partita ( kwa 2 fp. , 1940), 2 zojambula (1943), Memories of Chopin (Souvenir de Chopm, 1947); kwa solo violin — sonata (1940); kwa organ - fugue ndi chorale (1917), kwa chitoliro - Kuvina kwa mbuzi (Danse de la chevre, 1919); zachikondi ndi nyimbo, kuphatikizapo G. Apollinaire, P. Verlaine, F. Jammes, J. Cocteau, P. Claudel, J. Laforgue, R. Ronsard, A. Fontaine, A. Chobanian, P. Faure ndi ena; nyimbo zowonetsera zisudzo - Nthano ya Masewera a Padziko Lonse (P. Meralya, 1918), Dance of Death (C. Larronda, 1919), Okwatirana kumene pa Eiffel Tower (Cocteau, 1921), Saul (A. Zhida, 1922), Antigone ( Sophocles – Cocteau, 1922) , Lilyuli (R. Rolland, 1923), Phaedra (G. D'Annunzio, 1926), July 14 (R. Rolland; together with other composers, 1936), Silk slipper (Claudel, 1943), Karl the Bold (R Morax, 1944), Prometheus (Aeschylus - A. Bonnard, 1944), Hamlet (Shakespeare - Gide, 1946), Oedipus (Sophocles - A. Both, 1947), State of Siege (A. Camus, 1948) ), Ndi chikondi osati nthabwala (A. Musset, 1951), Oedipus the King (Sophocles - T. Molniera, 1952); nyimbo za wailesi - Zikwapu 12 pakati pausiku (Les 12 coups de minuit, C. Larronda, radiomystery for choir and orc., 1933), Radio panorama (1935), Christopher Columbus (V. Age, radio oratorio, 1940), Beatings of the world ( Battements du monde, Age, 1944), The Golden Head (Tete d'or, Claudel, 1948), St. Francis wa Assisi (Age, 1949), The Atonement of François Villon (J. Bruire, 1951); nyimbo za mafilimu (35), kuphatikizapo "Upandu ndi Chilango" (malinga ndi FM Dostoevsky), "Les Misérables" (malinga ndi V. Hugo), "Pygmalion" (malinga ndi B. Shaw), "Abduction" (malinga ndi Sh. F. Ramyu), "Captain Fracas" (malinga ndi T. Gauthier), "Napoleon", "Flight over the Atlantic".

Ntchito zamalemba: Zithunzi za incantation aux, Lausanne (1948); Je suis compositeur, (P., 1951) (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Ndine wolemba, L., 1963); Nachklang. Schriften, Zithunzi. Document, Z., (1957).

Zothandizira: Shneerson GM, nyimbo za ku France za m'zaka za zana la XX, M., 1964, 1970; Yarustovsky B., Symphony za nkhondo ndi mtendere, M., 1966; Rappoport L., Arthur Honegger, L., 1967; iye, Zina Zina za A. Honegger's Harmony, mu Sat: Problems of Mode, M., 1972; Drumeva K., Dramatic oratorio yolembedwa ndi A. Honegger "Joan wa ku Arc pamtengo", m'gulu: Kuchokera ku mbiri ya nyimbo zakunja, M., 1971; Sysoeva E., Mafunso ena a symphonism ya A. Honegger, m'gulu: Kuchokera ku mbiri ya nyimbo zakunja, M., 1971; ake omwe, A. Onegger's Symphonies, M., 1975; Pavchinsky S, Symphonic ntchito za A. Onegger, M., 1972; George A., A. Honegger, P., 1926; Gerard C, A. Honegger, (Brux., 1945); Bruyr J., Honegger et son oeuvre, P., (1947); Delannoy M., Honegger, P., (1953); Tappolet W., A. Honegger, Z., (1954), id. (Neucntel, 1957); Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis oimba, P., 1955 Guilbert J., A. Honegger, P., (1966); Dumesnil R., Histoire de la musique, t. 1959- La première moitiè du XX-e sícle, P., 5 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha kwa zidutswa - Dumesnil R., Olemba Achi French amakono a gulu la Six, ed. ndi introduction article M. Druskina, L., 1960); Peschotte J., A. Honegger. L'homme et son Oeuvre, P., 1964.