Kugwirizana mu nyimbo: zazikulu ndi zazing'ono

Magazini yathu yotsatira ikukhudzana ndi zochitika ngati mnyamata. Tidzayesa kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa: ndi mtundu wanji mu nyimbo, lingaliro ili lingatanthauzidwe bwanji, ndi mitundu yanji ya nyimbo.

Ndiye kudandaula ndi chiyani? Mukukumbukira zomwe mawuwa amatanthauza kunja kwa nyimbo? M’moyo, nthawi zina amanena za anthu kuti amamvana, kutanthauza kuti ndi mabwenzi, amamvetsetsana komanso amathandizana. Mu nyimbo, phokoso liyeneranso kugwirizana, likhale logwirizana, mwinamwake sichidzakhala nyimbo, koma cacophony imodzi yosalekeza. Zikuoneka kuti mgwirizano mu nyimbo ndi mawu ochezeka wina ndi mzake.

Zofunikira kwambiri

Mu nyimboyi muli mawu ambiri ndipo ndi osiyana. Pali zomveka zokhazikika - zothandizira, ndipo pali zosakhazikika - zosuntha. Kuti apange nyimbo, onse amafunikira, ndipo ayenera kusinthana ndi kuthandizana.

Kumanga kwa nyimbo kungafanane ndi kumanga khoma la njerwa. Monga momwe khoma limapangidwira ndi njerwa ndi simenti pakati pawo, momwemonso nyimbo imabadwa pokhapokha ngati pali phokoso lokhazikika komanso losakhazikika.

Phokoso lokhazikika limabweretsa mtendere ku nyimbo, limachepetsa kusuntha kwachangu, nthawi zambiri limathetsa nyimbo. Phokoso losakhazikika limafunikira pakukula; iwo nthawi zonse amatsogolera chitukuko cha nyimbo kutali ndi phokoso lokhazikika ndikubwereranso kwa iwo kachiwiri. Phokoso lonse losakhazikika limakonda kusandulika kukhala okhazikika, ndipo okhazikika, nawonso, ngati maginito amakopa osakhazikika.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji mawu okhazikika ndi osakhazikika akugwira ntchito mogwirizana mosatopa? Kuti mupeze mtundu wina wa nyimbo - zoseketsa kapena zachisoni. Ndiko kuti, phokoso la fret lingathenso kukhudza maganizo a nyimbo, amawoneka kuti akutchetcha nyimbozo mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana yamaganizo.

Mitundu ya zowawa: zazikulu ndi zazing'ono

Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe nthawi zonse amakhala gulu lonse la mawu omwe amagwira ntchito mosatopa kupanga nyimbo zamitundu yonse. Pali mitundu yambiri mu nyimbo, koma pali ziwiri zofunika kwambiri. Amatchedwa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.

Mulingo waukulu, kapena waukulu kwambiri, ndi kamvekedwe ka kuwala ndi kosangalatsa. Ndizoyenera kupanga nyimbo zachisangalalo, zachisangalalo komanso zachisangalalo. Sikelo yaying'ono, kapena yaying'ono chabe, ndiye katswiri wanyimbo zachisoni komanso zolingalira.

Njira yayikulu ndi dzuwa lowala komanso thambo loyera labuluu, ndipo mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono ndi dzuwa lofiira ndipo nsonga za nkhalango ya spruce zimadetsedwa pansi pake. Mulingo waukulu ndi udzu wobiriwira wobiriwira pa kapinga, umene mbuzi yotuwa imadya mosangalala kwambiri. Njira yaying'ono ndiyo kuyang'ana pawindo madzulo momwe masamba a autumn amagwera ndi makhiristo a mvula yophukira. Kukongola kungakhale kosiyana, ndi zazikulu ndi zazing'ono - ojambula awiri omwe ali okonzeka kujambula chithunzi chilichonse ndi mawu awo.

MFUNDO YOTHANDIZA. Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi ana, zidzakhala zothandiza kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi. Onetsani mwanayo mndandanda wazithunzi, muloleni aganizire momwe angamvekere - zazikulu kapena zazing'ono? Mutha kukopera zosonkhanitsidwa zomalizidwa kwa ife. Monga ntchito yolenga, mwanayo angaperekedwe kuti adzipangire yekha zithunzi zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Izi zidzadzutsa malingaliro ake olenga.

KUSANKHA ZITHUNZI "Zazikulu ndi zazing'ono" - DOWNLOW

Nyimbo zodziwika bwino monga "Mtengo wa Khrisimasi unabadwa m'nkhalango", Nyimbo yachidule ya Russian Federation, ndi "Smile" yadzuwa idapangidwa pamlingo waukulu. Nyimbo yakuti “Chiwala chinakhala muudzu” ndi “Birch inaima m’munda” zimapezedwa pang’ono.

FUNSO. Mvetserani nyimbo ziwiri. Awa ndi magule awiri kuchokera ku "Children's Album" ndi Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Kuvina kumodzi kumatchedwa "waltz", wina - "mazurka". Ndi iti yomwe mukuganiza kuti ili mu major komanso yaing'ono?

Chidutswa 1 "Waltz"

Gawo 2 "Mazurka"

Mayankho olondola: "Waltz" ndi nyimbo zazikulu, ndipo "Mazurka" ndi yaying'ono.

Key ndi gamma

Mitundu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono imatha kumangidwa kuchokera ku mawu aliwonse anyimbo - kuchokera ku do, kuchokera ku re, kuchokera ku mi, etc. Liwu loyamba, lofunika kwambiri lidzatchedwa tonic mogwirizana. Ndipo kutalika kwake kwa fret, kulumikiza ndi mtundu wina wa tonic, kumatanthauzidwa ndi mawu akuti "tonality".

Tonality iliyonse iyenera kutchedwa mwanjira ina. Munthu ali ndi dzina loyamba ndi dzina lomaliza, ndipo fungulo liri ndi dzina la tonic ndi mode, zomwe zingathenso kuphatikizidwa kukhala dzina limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, C yaikulu (cholemba DO ndi tonic, ndiko kuti, phokoso lalikulu, kapitawo wa timu, kukhumudwa kumamangidwa kuchokera kwa izo, ndipo kudandaula kuli kwakukulu). Kapena chitsanzo china: D wamng'ono ndi sikelo yaing'ono kuchokera pa cholemba PE. Zitsanzo zina: E wamkulu, F wamkulu, G wamng'ono, A wamng'ono, ndi zina zotero.

NTCHITO. Yesani kupanga dzina la kiyiyo nokha. Tengani tonic iliyonse ndi nkhawa iliyonse, ikani pamodzi. Munapeza chiyani?

Mukayika mawu onse a kiyi mu dongosolo, kuyambira ndi tonic, mumapeza sikelo. Sikelo imayamba ndi tonic ndikutha nayo. Mwa njira, mamba amatchulidwa chimodzimodzi ndi makiyi. Mwachitsanzo, E minor scale imayamba ndi cholembera MI ndipo imathera ndi cholembera MI, sikelo ya G imayamba ndi cholembera S ndikutha ndi cholembera chomwecho. Kodi mukumvetsetsa? Nachi chitsanzo chanyimbo:

Koma kodi zosongoka ndi zafulati zimachokera kuti mu masikelo awa? Tiyeni tikambiranenso zimenezi. Zikuoneka kuti mamba akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mapangidwe awo apadera.

Kapangidwe ka sikelo yayikulu

Kuti mupeze sikelo yayikulu, muyenera kutenga mawu asanu ndi atatu okha ndikuwafola. Koma si mawu onse amene amatiyenerera. Kodi kusankha zoyenera? Mukudziwa kuti mtunda pakati pa masitepe ukhoza kukhala theka la kamvekedwe kapena kamvekedwe kathunthu. Chifukwa chake, pamlingo waukulu, ndikofunikira kuti mtunda pakati pa mawu ake ugwirizane ndi chilinganizo: toni-toni, semitone, toni-toni, semitone.

Mwachitsanzo, sikelo yayikulu ya C imayamba ndi cholembera DO ndikutha ndi cholembera DO. Pakati pa phokoso la DO ndi RE pali mtunda wa liwu limodzi lonse, pakati pa RE ndi MI palinso kamvekedwe, ndipo pakati pa MI ndi FA ndi theka la toni. Kupitilira apo: pakati pa FA ndi SOL, SOL ndi LA, LA ndi SI pamtundu wonse, pakati pa SI ndi DO yapamwamba - semitone yokha.

Tiyeni tithane ndi matani ndi semitones

Ngati mwayiwala zomwe ma toni ndi semitones ali, ndiye tiyeni tibwereze. Semitone ndi kagawo kakang'ono kwambiri kuchokera pa noti imodzi kupita ina. Kiyibodi ya piyano imatiwonetsa ma semitones pakati pa mawu momveka bwino. Ngati mumasewera makiyi onse motsatana, osadumpha zoyera kapena zakuda, ndiye mukasuntha kuchokera ku kiyi kupita ku ina, tingodutsa mtunda wa semitone imodzi.

Monga mukuonera, semitone ikhoza kuseweredwa pokwera kuchokera ku kiyi yoyera kupita ku wakuda wapafupi, kapena kutsika kuchokera ku wakuda kupita ku woyera, womwe uli pafupi nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, omwe amapangidwa pakati pa mawu "oyera" okha: awa ndi MI-FA ndi SI-DO.

Semitone ndi theka, ndipo ngati mutagwirizanitsa magawo awiriwo palimodzi, mumapeza chinachake chonse, mumapeza mawu amodzi. Pa kiyibodi ya piyano, matani athunthu amatha kupezeka mosavuta pakati pa makiyi awiri oyandikana nawo ngati asiyanitsidwa ndi wakuda. Ndiko kuti, DO-RE ndi kamvekedwe, ndipo RE-MI ilinso kamvekedwe, koma MI-FA si kamvekedwe, ndi semitone: palibe chomwe chimalekanitsa makiyi oyera awa.

Kuti mupeze kamvekedwe kathunthu kuchokera pa cholemba MI pawiri, simuyenera kutenga FA yosavuta, koma FA-SHARP, ndiko kuti, onjezerani kamvekedwe kena ka theka. Kapena mukhoza kusiya FA, koma ndiye muyenera kutsitsa MI, kutenga MI-FLAT.

Ponena za makiyi akuda, pa piyano amakonzedwa m'magulu - awiri kapena atatu. Kotero, mkati mwa gululo, makiyi awiri akuda oyandikana nawo amachotsedwanso wina ndi mzake ndi toni imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, C-SHARP ndi D-SHARP, komanso G-FLAT ndi A-FLAT, zonse ndizophatikiza zolemba zomwe zimatipatsa matani athunthu.

Koma pamipata yayikulu pakati pa magulu a "mabatani" akuda, ndiko kuti, pomwe makiyi awiri oyera amayikidwa pakati pa makiyi awiri akuda, mtunda udzakhala matani amodzi ndi theka (ma semitones atatu). Mwachitsanzo: kuchokera ku MI-flat kupita ku F-lakuthwa kapena kuchokera ku SI-flat kupita ku C-charp.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi toni ndi semitones zitha kupezeka m'nkhani ya Accidentals.

Kupanga zida zazikulu

Choncho, pamlingo waukulu, phokoso liyenera kukonzedwa kotero kuti pakati pawo pali matani awiri oyambirira, ndiye semitones, ndiye matani atatu ndi semitone. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni timange D lalikulu sikelo. Choyamba, timapanga "chopanda kanthu" - timalemba zolemba mzere kuchokera ku phokoso lapansi la PE kupita ku PE yapamwamba. Zowonadi, mu D yayikulu, PE yomveka ndi tonic, sikelo iyenera kuyamba ndi iyo ndipo iyenera kutha nayo.

Ndipo tsopano muyenera "kupeza ubale" pakati pa mawuwo ndikuwagwirizanitsa ndi chilinganizo chachikulu.

• Pali mawu athunthu pakati pa RE ndi MI, zonse zili bwino apa, tiyeni tipitirire.
• Pakati pa MI ndi FA pali semitone, koma pamalo ano, malinga ndi ndondomekoyi, payenera kukhala kamvekedwe. Timawongola - powonjezera phokoso la FA, timawonjezera theka lina lakutali. Timapeza: MI ndi F-SHARP - toni imodzi yonse. Tsopano yitanitsa!
• F-SHARP ndi SALT zimatipatsa semitone yomwe ikuyenera kukhala pamalo achitatu. Zinapezeka kuti sizinapite pachabe kuti tikweze cholemba cha FA, chakuthwa uku kunali kothandiza kwa ife. Pitilirani.
• SOL-LA, LA-SI ndi matani athunthu, monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira molingana ndi ndondomekoyi, timawasiya osasintha.
• Phokoso ziwiri zotsatirazi SI ndi DO ndi semitone. Mukudziwa kale momwe mungawongolere: muyenera kuwonjezera mtunda - ikani chakuthwa kutsogolo kwa DO. Kukadakhala koyenera kuchepetsa mtunda, tinkauyika mosalekeza. Kodi mukumvetsa mfundo yake?
• Phokoso lomaliza - C-SHARP ndi RE - ndi semitone: zomwe mukufuna!

Tinamaliza ndi chiyani? Zikuwonekeratu kuti pali mitundu iwiri yakuthwa pamlingo waukulu wa D: F-SHARP ndi C-SHARP. Kodi mukumvetsa tsopano kumene anachokera?

Mofananamo, mukhoza kupanga masikelo akuluakulu kuchokera ku mawu aliwonse. Ndipo pamenepo, mwina zakuthwa kapena zofota zidzawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, mu F yaikulu pali lathyathyathya imodzi (SI-FLAT), ndipo mu C yaikulu pali zosongoka zisanu (DO, RE, FA, SOL ndi A-SHARP).

Mutha kupanga masikelo osati kuchokera ku "makiyi oyera", komanso kuchokera pamawu otsika kapena okwera. Musaiwale kuganizira zizindikiro zomwe mukudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, sikelo yayikulu ya E-flat ndi sikelo yokhala ndi ma flat atatu (MI-flat palokha, A-flat ndi B-flat), ndipo sikelo yayikulu ya F-sharp ndi sikelo yokhala ndi zosongoka zisanu ndi chimodzi (zonse zakuthwa kupatula C-kuthwa). ).

Kapangidwe ka sikelo yaying'ono

Apa mfundoyi ndi yofanana ndi miyeso yayikulu, njira yokhayo yopangira masikelo yaying'ono ndiyosiyana pang'ono: toni, semitone, toni-toni, semitone, toni-toni. Pogwiritsa ntchito kutsatizana kwa matani ndi semitones, mutha kupeza sikelo yaying'ono.

Tiyeni titembenuzire ku zitsanzo. Tiyeni tipange sikelo yaing'ono kuchokera pa cholemba cha SALT. Choyamba, ingolembani zolemba zonse motsatana kuyambira G mpaka G (kuchokera ku tonic yotsika mpaka kubwereza kwake pamwamba).

Kenako, timayang'ana mtunda pakati pa mawuwo:

• Pakati pa SALT ndi LA - liwu lonse, monga liyenera kukhala molingana ndi ndondomeko.
• Kupitilira apo: LA ndi SI nawonso ndi kamvekedwe, koma semitone ikufunika pamalo ano. Zoyenera kuchita? Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mtunda, chifukwa cha izi timatsitsa mawu a SI mothandizidwa ndi lathyathyathya. Pano tili ndi chizindikiro choyamba - B-flat.
• Kuphatikiza apo, molingana ndi chilinganizo, timafunikira matani awiri athunthu. Pakati pa phokoso la B-flat ndi DO, komanso DO ndi RE, pali mtunda wofanana ndi momwe uyenera kukhalira.
• Kenako: RE ndi MI. Pali mawu athunthu pakati pa zolembazi, koma semitone yokha ndiyofunikira. Apanso, mukudziwa kale chithandizo: timatsitsa cholemba MI, ndipo timapeza semitone pakati pa RE ndi MI-FLAT. Nachi chizindikiro chachiwiri kwa inu!
• Timayang'ana chomaliza: tikufuna matani awiri athunthu. MI FLAT ndi FA ndi kamvekedwe, ndipo FA ndi SA alinso kamvekedwe. Zonse zili bwino!

Munapeza chiyani pamapeto pake? Pali ma flats awiri mu G minor scale: SI-FLAT ndi MI-FLAT.

Poyeserera, mutha kudzimanga nokha kapena "kunyamula" masikelo ang'onoang'ono angapo: mwachitsanzo, F yakuthwa yaying'ono ndi A yaying'ono.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji sikelo yaying'ono?

Mamba akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, opangidwa kuchokera ku tonic imodzi, amasiyana ndi mawu atatu okha. Tiyeni tione kusiyana kumeneku. Tiyeni tifanizire sikelo C yayikulu (palibe zizindikilo) ndi C yaying'ono (mafurati atatu).

Kumveka kulikonse kwa sikelo ndi digiri. Kotero, muyeso yaying'ono, poyerekeza ndi sikelo yaikulu, pali masitepe atatu otsika - chachitatu, chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri (cholembedwa ndi manambala achiroma - III, VI, VII). Motero, ngati tidziŵa sikelo yaikulu, ndiye kuti titha kupeza sikelo yaing’ono mosavuta mwa kusintha mawu atatu okha.

Pazolimbitsa thupi, tiyeni tigwire ntchito ndi kiyi ya G major. Mu sikelo yayikulu ya G, chakuthwa chimodzi ndi F-SHARP, yomwe ndi digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri ya sikelo.

• Timatsitsa gawo lachitatu - cholemba SI, timapeza SI-FLAT.
• Timatsitsa sitepe yachisanu ndi chimodzi - cholemba MI, timapeza MI-FLAT.
• Timatsitsa gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri - cholemba F-SHARP. Phokosoli lakwezedwa kale, ndipo kuti muchepetse, muyenera kungoletsa kuwonjezeka, ndiko kuti, kuchotsa chakuthwa.

Chifukwa chake, mu G yaying'ono padzakhala zizindikiro ziwiri zokha - SI-FLAT ndi MI-FLAT, ndipo F-SHARP imangosowa kuchokera pamenepo popanda kutsata. Monga mukuonera, palibe chovuta.

Phokoso lokhazikika komanso losakhazikika pamawu akulu

Pali masitepe asanu ndi awiri mu sikelo yaikulu ndi yaing'ono, atatu mwa iwo ndi okhazikika, ndipo anayi ndi osakhazikika. Masitepe okhazikika ndi oyamba, achitatu ndi achisanu (I, III, V). Osakhazikika - izi ndizo zina zonse - zachiwiri, zachinayi, zachisanu ndi chimodzi, zachisanu ndi chiwiri (II, IV, VI, VII).

Masitepe okhazikika, ngati atayikidwa palimodzi, pangani tonic triad, ndiko kuti, triad yomangidwa kuchokera ku tonic, kuyambira sitepe yoyamba. Mawu akuti triad amatanthauza kumveka kwa mawu atatu. Tonic triad imafupikitsidwa ngati T53 (mwachikulu) kapena ndi chilembo chaching'ono T53 (chaching'ono).

Pamlingo waukulu, tonic triad ndi yayikulu, komanso yaying'ono, motero, yaying'ono. Choncho, maulendo atatu okhazikika amatipatsa chithunzi chonse cha tonality - tonic ndi mode. Phokoso la tonic triad ndi mtundu wa chiwongolero cha oimba, molingana ndi momwe amawunikiridwa poyambira ntchitoyo.

Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tiwone mawu okhazikika komanso osakhazikika mu D yayikulu ndi C yaying'ono.

D chachikulu ndikuwala kopepuka kokhala ndi zokuthwa ziwiri (FA-SHARP ndi C-SHARP). Phokoso lokhazikika mmenemo ndi RE, F-SHARP ndi LA (zolemba zoyamba, zachitatu ndi zachisanu kuchokera pamlingo), palimodzi zimatipatsa tonic triad. Zosakhazikika ndi MI, SALT, SI ndi C-SHARP. Onani chitsanzo: masitepe osakhazikika asinthidwa kuti amveke bwino:

C yaying'ono ndi sikelo yokhala ndi ma flats atatu (B-Flat, E-Flat ndi A-Flat), ndi yaying'ono ndipo chifukwa chake imamveka ndi mawu achisoni pang'ono. Masitepe okhazikika apa ndi DO (choyamba), MI-FLAT (chachitatu) ndi G (chachisanu). Amatipatsa katatu kakang'ono ka tonic. Masitepe osakhazikika ndi RE, FA, A-FLAT, ndi B-FLAT.

Choncho, m'magazini ino, tinadziwa mfundo za nyimbo monga mode, tonality ndi sikelo, tidasanthula kapangidwe ka zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, tidaphunzira momwe tingapezere masitepe okhazikika komanso osakhazikika. Kuchokera pazotsatirazi, muphunzira za mitundu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono komanso mitundu ina yanyimbo, komanso momwe mungadziwire mwachangu makiyi akuthwa ndi ma flats mu kiyi iliyonse.