Ashug |

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Anthu akatswiri ndakatulo ndi woimba pakati Azerbaijani, Armenians ndi anthu oyandikana USSR ndi mayiko akunja. Suti ya A. ndi yopangidwa. Amapanga nyimbo, ndakatulo, epic. nthano (dastans), kuimba, kutsagana yekha pa saz (Azerbaijan), tar kapena kemancha (Armenia). Mu machitidwe a A. palinso zinthu za masewero. maganizo (mawonekedwe a nkhope, manja, ndi zina zotero). Ena A. ndi ochita chabe. Otsogolera A. ku Azerbaijan anali ozans (mayina ena - Shuara, Dede, Yangshag, etc.); ku Armenia - gusans (mtrup-gusans, tagerku).

Zambiri zoyamba za A. zili m'manja. akatswiri a mbiri yakale Movses Khorenatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe ndi ena, ku Azerbaijan. nthano "Kitabi-Dede Korkud" (10-11 zaka).

Mbali yaikulu ya ntchito ya A. ndi nyimbo. Nyimbo za ashug za prerevolutionary zinadzudzula mbali zakuda za mkangano. moyo, anaimba ngwazi. kulimbana ndi nkhanza, zokhazikitsidwa mwa anthu omwe amakonda dziko lawo. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Soviet mphamvu ya nyimbo ya A. imadzazidwa ndi zatsopano zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa anthu. njira ya moyo, ndi socialist. kumanga.

Nyimbo za Ashug nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopapatiza ndipo zimaperekedwa m'kaundula wapamwamba. Melodich. kuyenda ndi kosalala; kulumpha kwakung'ono (pachitatu, chachinayi) kumatsatiridwa ndi kudzazidwa kwawo. Kubwerezabwereza, kusiyanasiyana kwa nyimbo ndi zomangamanga, metro-rhythm. chuma. Nthawi zina nyimbo zimakhala ndi signature yomveka bwino, mwachitsanzo:

Nthawi zina amasiyana recitative-improvisation. ufulu. Amadziwika ca. 80 nyimbo zachikale zomwe zimapanga nyimbo zokhazikika za A. Mayina awo amatsimikiziridwa ndi ndakatulo. mitundu (“gerayly”, “sofa”, “mukhammes”, ndi zina zotero), madera amene amapezeka kwambiri (“Goyche gulu”), dastans, mmene amaphatikizidwiramo (“Keremi”, “Ker-ogly “) ndi zina zotero. Nyimbozi, kwinaku akusunga nyimbo zake zazikulu. intonation ndodo, nthawi zonse kulemeretsa melodically ndi rhythmically. Nyimbo zosiyanasiyana zimayimba nyimbo yomweyo. zolemba ndakatulo. Nyimbo za Ashug ndizosiyana. Instr amatenga gawo lalikulu mwa iwo. interludes. Mu nyimbo za A. pali zinthu za harmonica. polyphony - quarto-fifth, terts-quarte, ndi consonances ena (mu saz).

Azerbaijani wamkulu. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale akale ndi Gurbani, Abbas Tufarganly (zaka za zana la 16), Dilgam, Valekh, Shikeste Shirin (zaka za zana la 18), ndi Alesker (zaka za zana la 19). A. a nthawi yathu - Asad Rzayev, Mirza Bayramov, Islam Yusifov, Avak, Gara Movlayev, Talyb Mammadov, Shamshir Gojayev, Akper Jafarov, Adalet (virtuoso performer on saz); I. Yusifov adakonza choyimba cha ashugs kuchokera kwa oimba 25-30 ndi oimba balaman.

Dzanja lodziwika kwambiri. A. zakale - Sayat-Nova, Jivani, Sheram, Nagash Ovnatan, Shirin, Miskin Burji, A. A. - Grigor, Huseyn, Seron, Avasi, Ashot ndi ena.

Mawonekedwe anyimbo A. adapeza kukhazikitsidwa mumitundu ingapo ya Op. Prof. olemba, mwachitsanzo. mu zisudzo "Almast" ndi Spendiarov, "Shakhsenem" ndi Gliere, "Kor-oglu" ndi Gadzhibekov, "Veten" ndi Karaev ndi Gadzhiev, mu "Azerbaijan" ndi Amirov, mu Third Symphony ndi Karaev.

Zothandizira: Ndakatulo zaku Armenia kuyambira kale mpaka lero, ed. ndi kulowa. nkhani ndi zolemba. V. Ayi. Bryusova Moscow, 1916. Torjyan X., Armenian folk oimba-ashugs, "SM", 1937, No 7; Krivonosov V., Ashugs wa Azerbaijan, "SM", 1938, No 4; Anthology of Azerbaijani ndakatulo, M., 1939; Anthology of Armenian poetry, M., 1940; Eldarova E., Mafunso ena a zaluso za ashug, zosonkhanitsidwa: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. Ine, Baku, 1949; iye, Mafunso ena a zilandiridwenso zanyimbo za ashugs, zosonkhanitsidwa: nyimbo za Azerbaijan, M., 1961; yake, The Art of the Ashugs of Azerbaijan (mbiri yakale), m'gulu: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. VIII, Baku, 1962 (mu Azeri); yake, dikishonale yanyimbo ndi ndakatulo ya terminological Azerbaijani ashugs, m'gulu: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. XII, Baku, 1968; Seyidov M., Sayat-Nova, Baki, 1954; Kushnarev XS, Mafunso a Mbiri ndi chiphunzitso cha nyimbo za Armenian monodic, L., 1958; Belyaev V., Essays pa mbiri ya nyimbo za anthu a USSR, vol. 2, M., 1963.

E. Abasova