Nazib Zhiganov |

Nazib Zhiganov

Nyimbo, m'moyo wanga ndameretsa mbande zanu ...

Mzere uwu wochokera ku "Moabit Notebook" wa Musa Jalil ukhoza kukhala womveka chifukwa cha nyimbo za bwenzi lake ndi mnzake wopanga N. Zhiganov. Pokhala wokhulupilika ku maziko aluso a nyimbo zamtundu wa Chitata, adapeza njira zoyambira komanso zopindulitsa za ubale wake ndi mfundo zopanga zamitundu yapadziko lonse lapansi. Zinali pamaziko awa pomwe ntchito yake yaluso komanso yoyambirira idakula - ma opera 8, ma ballet 3, ma symphonies 17, magulu a piyano, nyimbo, zachikondi.

Zhiganov anabadwira m'banja la anthu ogwira ntchito. Makolo ake anamwalira msanga, anakhala zaka zingapo m’nyumba zosungira ana amasiye. Wokhala wachangu komanso wachangu, Nazib adadziwika bwino pakati pa ophunzira a Ural Pioneer Commune ndi luso lake loimba. Chikhumbo chofuna kuphunzira kwambiri chimamufikitsa ku Kazan, komwe mu 1928 adaloledwa ku Kazan Musical College. M'dzinja la 1931, Zhiganov anakhala wophunzira pa Moscow Regional Music College (tsopano Music School pa Moscow Conservatory). Kupambana kwachilengedwe kunalola Nazib, malinga ndi malingaliro a N. Myaskovsky, mu 1935 kukhala wophunzira wa chaka chachitatu ku Moscow Conservatory m'kalasi la mphunzitsi wake wakale, Pulofesa G. Litinsky. Tsogolo la ntchito zazikulu zomwe zinalengedwa m'zaka za Conservatory zinali zochititsa chidwi: mu 1938, mu konsati yoyamba ya symphony, yomwe inatsegula Tatar State Philharmonic, Symphony yake yoyamba inachitika, ndipo pa June 17, 1939, nyimbo ya opera. Kachkyn (The Fugitive, lib. A Fayzi) anatsegula Tatar State Opera ndi Ballet Theatre. Woimba wolimbikitsa wa ntchito za ngwazi za anthu m'dzina la Motherland - ndi mutu uwu, kuwonjezera "Kachkyn", odzipereka kwa zisudzo "Irek" ( "Ufulu", 1940), "Ildar" (1942). , "Tyulyak" (1945), "Namus" (" Honor, 1950), - wolembayo amaphatikiza mutu wapakati uwu kwa iye m'mabuku ake apamwamba - mu sewero lakale komanso lodziwika bwino la "Altynchach" ("Golden-Haired", 1941, libre. M. Jalil) komanso mu ndakatulo ya opera "Jalil" (1957, lib. A. Faizi). Ntchito zonse ziwirizi zimakopa chidwi chakuya komanso kuzama kwamaganizidwe komanso kuwona mtima kwenikweni kwa nyimbo, zokhala ndi mawu omveka bwino oteteza dziko lonse, komanso kuphatikiza mwaluso zithunzi zotsogola komanso zofunikira zomwe zimamveka bwino kudzera mu chitukuko cha symphonic.

Chothandizira chachikulu cha Zhiganov ku Chitata cha symphonism chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi opera. Ndakatulo ya symphonic "Kyrlai" (yochokera ku nthano ya "Shurale" yolembedwa ndi G. Tukay), chiwombankhanga chochititsa chidwi "Nafisa", mndandanda wa mabuku a Symphonic ndi nyimbo za Symphonic, ma 17 symphonies, ophatikizana pamodzi, amawoneka ngati mitu yowala ya symphonic. mbiri: zithunzi za nthano zanzeru zimakhazikika mwa iwo, kenako zithunzi zokopa za chilengedwe zimajambulidwa, kenako kugundana kwankhondo zankhondo kumachitika, ndiye nyimbo zimakokera kudziko lamalingaliro anyimbo, ndi magawo amtundu watsiku ndi tsiku kapena chilengedwe chosangalatsa. m’malo ndi mawu osonyeza miliri yochititsa chidwi.

Credo kulenga, khalidwe la maganizo a wolemba Zhiganov, anali maziko a ntchito za Kazan Conservatory, chilengedwe ndi kasamalidwe amene anapatsidwa udindo mu 1945. Kwa zaka zoposa 40, iye anatsogolera ntchito yophunzitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba mu zake. ophunzira.

Pa chitsanzo cha ntchito ya Zhiganov, zotsatira za kusinthika kwenikweni m'mbiri ya kale m'mbuyo pentatonic nyimbo zikhalidwe za mayiko autonomous Republic of Volga dera, Siberia ndi Urals akuwululidwa. Masamba abwino kwambiri a cholowa chake, chodzazidwa ndi chiyembekezo chotsimikizira moyo, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtundu wa chilankhulo cha nyimbo, atenga malo oyenera m'malo osungiramo nyimbo za Chitata.

Inde. Girshman

Zolemba:

machitidwe (masiku opanga, onse mu Tatar Opera ndi Ballet Theatre) - Kachkyn (Beglets, 1939), Irek (Cvoboda, 1940), Altynchach (Zolotovolosaya, 1941), Ndakatulo (1947), Ildar (1942, 2nd ed. - Road Pobedy). , 1954), Tyulyak (1945, 2nd ed. - Tyulyak ndi Cousylu, 1967), Hamus (Chifuwa, 1950), Jalil (1957); ballet - Fatih (1943), Zyugra (1946), Nthano ziwiri (Zyugra ndi Hzheri, 1970); cantata - Republic Yanga (1960); za orchestra - 4 symphonies (1937; 2nd - Sabantuy, 1968; 3rd - Lyric, 1971; 4th, 1973), symphonic ndakatulo Kyrlay (1946), Suite on Tatar folk themes (1949), Symphonic songs (1965) , Nafis1952 Overture1964) , Mabuku a Symphonic (XNUMX), chamber-instrumental, piyano, ntchito zamawu; zachikondinyimbo, etc.