Maracas: kufotokozera zida, kapangidwe kake, mitundu, mbiri, ntchito

Maracas ali m'gulu la zida zoimbira, zomwe zimatchedwa idiophones, ndiko kuti, zodziimba zokha, zomwe sizikusowa zina zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa njira yopangira mawu, iwo anali zida zoimbira zoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu.

Kodi maracas ndi chiyani

Chida ichi chikhoza kutchedwa kuti phokoso lanyimbo lomwe linabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Latin America. Chimawoneka ngati chidole cha ana chomwe chimamveka ngati phokoso logwedezeka. Dzina lake limatchulidwa bwino kwambiri kuti "maraca", koma kumasulira kolakwika kuchokera ku liwu la Chisipanishi "maracas" lakhazikitsidwa mu Chirasha, lomwe ndilo kutchulidwa kwa chida chochuluka.

Akatswiri a nyimbo amapeza kutchulidwa kwa phokoso lotere m'mipukutu yakale; zithunzi zawo zikhoza kuwonedwa, mwachitsanzo, pazithunzi zochokera mumzinda wa Italy wa Pompeii. Aroma ankatcha zida zoterezi kuti crotalons. Chojambula chamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Encyclopedia, chofalitsidwa m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, chikuwonetsa maracas ngati membala wathunthu wabanja la percussion.

chipangizo

Poyamba, chidacho chinapangidwa kuchokera ku chipatso cha mtengo wa iguero. Amwenye a ku Latin America adawatenga ngati maziko osati a nyimbo za "rattles", komanso zinthu zapakhomo, monga mbale. Chipatso chozungulira chinatsegulidwa mosamala, zamkati zimachotsedwa, timiyala tating'onoting'ono kapena njere za mbewu zidatsanuliridwa mkati, ndipo chogwiriracho chimamangiriridwa kumalekezero amodzi, omwe amatha kugwiridwa. Kuchuluka kwa filler mu zida zosiyanasiyana kumasiyana wina ndi mzake - izi zinapangitsa kuti maracas azimveka mosiyana. Mamvekedwe a mawuwo ankadaliranso makulidwe a makoma a mwana wosabadwayo: kukula kwakukulu, kutsika kwa phokoso.

Kuwombera kwamakono "ma rattles" amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zipangizo zodziwika bwino: pulasitiki, pulasitiki, acrylic, etc. Zida zonse zachilengedwe - nandolo, nyemba, ndi zopangira - kuwombera, mikanda ndi zinthu zina zofanana zimatsanuliridwa mkati. Chogwiriracho chimachotsedwa; izi ndi zofunika kuti woimba akhoza kusintha kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la filler pa konsati kusintha phokoso. Pali zida zopangidwa mwachikhalidwe.

Mbiri yakale

Maracas "anabadwa" ku Antilles, kumene anthu amtunduwu ankakhala - Amwenye. Tsopano dziko la Cuba lili m'derali. Kalekale, zida zoimbira zaphokoso zinkatsagana ndi moyo wa munthu kuyambira kubadwa mpaka imfa: zinkathandiza asing’anga kuchita miyambo, kutsagana ndi magule osiyanasiyana ndi miyambo.

Akapolo omwe anabweretsedwa ku Cuba mwamsanga anaphunzira kusewera maracas ndipo anayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito panthawi yochepa yopuma. Zida zimenezi zikadali zofala kwambiri, makamaka ku Africa ndi Latin America: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsagana ndi magule osiyanasiyana.

kugwiritsa

Phokoso la "phokoso" limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magulu oimba nyimbo zaku Latin America. Magulu ndi magulu omwe akuchita salsa, sambo, cha-cha-cha ndi magule ena ofanana sangaganizidwe popanda oimba akuimba maracas. Popanda kukokomeza, tinganene kuti chida ichi ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhalidwe chonse cha Latin America.

Magulu a jazi amagwiritsa ntchito kupanga kukoma koyenera, mwachitsanzo, mumitundu yanyimbo monga bossa nova. Nthawi zambiri, ma ensembles amagwiritsa ntchito maraca awiri: "rattle" iliyonse imayendetsedwa m'njira yakeyake, yomwe imakulolani kusiyanitsa phokoso.

Zida zoimbira izi zafika ngakhale m’nyimbo zachikale. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi woyambitsa opera yaikulu ya ku Italy, Gaspare Spontini, mu ntchito yake Fernand Cortes, kapena Conquest of Mexico, yolembedwa mu 1809. Wolembayo anafunika kupereka zest khalidwe kuvina Mexico. Kale m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maracas adayambitsidwa ndi oimba ambiri monga Sergei Prokofiev mu ballet Romeo ndi Juliet, Leonard Bernstein mu Third Symphony, Malcolm Arnold m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a orchestra ya symphony, Edgard Varèse mu sewero la Ionization, momwemo. amasewera gawo lalikulu la zida zoimbira.

Mayina achigawo

Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri ya maracas: kuchokera ku mipira ikuluikulu (yomwe kholo lake linali mphika wadongo wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Aaziteki akale) kupita ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawoneka ngati chidole cha ana. Zida zogwirizana m'chigawo chilichonse zimatchulidwa mosiyanasiyana:

• Baibulo la Venezuela ndi dadoo;
• Mexico - sonjaha;
• Chile - wada;
• Guatemala - chinchin;
• Panamanian - Nasisi.

Ku Colombia, maracas ali ndi mitundu itatu ya dzina: alfandoke, karangano ndi heraza, pachilumba cha Haiti - ziwiri: asson ndi cha-cha, ku Brazil amatchedwa bapo kapena karkasha.

Phokoso la "rattles" limasiyana malinga ndi dera. Mwachitsanzo, ku Cuba, maracas amapangidwa ndi chitsulo (kumeneko amatchedwa maruga), motero, phokoso lidzakhala lokulirapo komanso lakuthwa. Zida izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magulu a pop ndi magulu omwe amadziwika ndi nyimbo zamtundu wa Latin America.