Kuphunzira kusewera Balalaika

Kupanga zida. Zothandiza ndi malangizo. Kutera pamasewera.

1. Kodi balalaika ayenera kukhala ndi zingwe zingati, ndipo ayenera kuyimba bwanji?

Balalaika ayenera kukhala ndi zingwe zitatu ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "balalaika". Palibe zosintha zina za balalaika: gitala, zazing'ono, ndi zina - sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito posewera ndi zolemba. Chingwe choyamba cha balalaika chiyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi foloko yokonzekera, malinga ndi batani la accordion kapena piyano kuti ipereke phokoso LA la octave yoyamba. Zingwe zachiwiri ndi zachitatu ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zipereke phokoso la MI la octave yoyamba.

Choncho, zingwe zachiwiri ndi zachitatu ziyenera kukonzedwa mofanana, ndipo chingwe choyamba (choonda) chiyenera kupereka phokoso lomwelo lomwe limapezeka pa chingwe chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chikanikizidwa pachisanu chachisanu. Chifukwa chake, ngati chingwe chachiwiri ndi chachitatu cha balalaika chokonzedwa bwino chikukanikizidwa pachisanu chachisanu, ndipo chingwe choyamba chimasiyidwa chotseguka, ndiye kuti zonse zikakanthidwa kapena kuzulidwa, ziyenera kupereka mawu omwewo kutalika - LA woyamba. octave.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyima kwa chingwe kumayenera kuima kotero kuti mtunda kuchokera kwa izo mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri fret uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi mtunda kuchokera pa khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka ku mtedza. Ngati kuyima sikulipo, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kupeza masikelo olondola pa balalaika.

Chingwe chotani chomwe chimatchedwa choyamba, chomwe chiri chachiwiri ndi chachitatu, komanso chiwerengero cha frets ndi malo a chingwe choyimira chikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi "Balalaika ndi dzina la zigawo zake".

Balalaika ndi dzina la zigawo zake

2. Ndi zofunika ziti zomwe chidacho chiyenera kukwaniritsa.

Muyenera kuphunzira kuimba chida chabwino. Chida chabwino chokha ndi chomwe chingapereke phokoso lamphamvu, lokongola, lomveka bwino, ndipo kuwonetseratu kwaluso kumadalira mtundu wa phokoso ndi luso lochigwiritsa ntchito.

Chida chabwino sichili chovuta kudziwa ndi maonekedwe ake - chiyenera kukhala chokongola, chomangidwa ndi zipangizo zabwino, zopukutidwa bwino, komanso, m'zigawo zake ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

Khosi la balalaika liyenera kukhala lolunjika kotheratu, lopanda kupotoza ndi ming'alu, osati lakuda kwambiri komanso losavuta kwa girth yake, koma osati woonda kwambiri, popeza pamenepa, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja (kukakamizika kwa chingwe, kunyowa, kusintha kwa kutentha), pamapeto pake imatha kupindika. Zida zabwino kwambiri za fretboard ndi ebony.

Ma frets ayenera kukhala opangidwa bwino pamwamba ndi m'mphepete mwa fretboard ndipo osasokoneza mayendedwe a zala za kumanzere.

Kuonjezera apo, ma frets onse ayenera kukhala a msinkhu womwewo kapena kugona mu ndege imodzi, mwachitsanzo, kuti wolamulira woikidwa pa iwo ndi m'mphepete amawakhudza onse popanda kupatulapo. Posewera balalaika, zingwe zomwe zimakanikizidwa pamtundu uliwonse ziyenera kupereka mawu omveka bwino, osagwedezeka. Zida zabwino kwambiri za frets ndi zitsulo zoyera ndi nickel.

Zikhomo za zingwe ziyenera kukhala zamakina. Amagwira dongosolo bwino ndipo amalola kuwongolera kosavuta komanso kolondola kwa chidacho. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zida ndi nyongolotsi mu zikhomo zili bwino, zopangidwa ndi zinthu zabwino, zosatha mu ulusi, osati dzimbiri komanso zosavuta kutembenuka. Mbali imeneyo ya msomali, imene chingwecho imamangidwirapo, isakhale yopanda kanthu, koma kuchokera ku chitsulo chonse. Mabowo omwe zingwezo zimadutsamo ziyenera kukhala mchenga bwino m'mphepete mwake, apo ayi zingwezo zidzatha msanga. Mafupa, zitsulo kapena mitu ya nyongolotsi ya ngale iyenera kutsatiridwa bwino. Ndi kusayenda bwino, mitu iyi imanjenjemera posewera.

Bolodi lamawu opangidwa kuchokera ku spruce wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi zopendekera nthawi zonse, zofananira ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zosapindika mkati.

Ngati pali zida zomangira, muyenera kulabadira kuti ndizokhomeredwa ndipo sizikhudza sitimayo. Zida zankhondo ziyenera kukhala zovekedwa, zopangidwa ndi matabwa olimba (kuti zisagwedezeke). Cholinga chake ndikuteteza sitimayo kuti isawonongeke komanso kuwonongeka.

Tikumbukenso kuti rosettes mozungulira bokosi mawu, m'makona ndi pa chishalo osati zokongoletsa, komanso kuteteza mbali zovuta kwambiri za soundboard ku kuwonongeka.

Pamwamba ndi pansi ayenera kupangidwa ndi matabwa olimba kapena fupa kuti asathe msanga. Ngati mtedza wawonongeka, zingwe zimagona pakhosi (pa frets) ndikugwedeza; ngati chishalo chawonongeka, zingwezo zimatha kuwononga bolodi la mawu.

Maimidwe a zingwe ayenera kupangidwa ndi mapulo ndi ndege yake yonse yapansi yoyandikana kwambiri ndi bolodi la mawu, popanda kupereka mipata. Ebony, thundu, fupa, kapena softwood imayimilira sizovomerezeka, chifukwa imachepetsetsa sonority ya chida kapena, mosiyana, imapatsa nkhanza, zosasangalatsa timbre. Kutalika kwa choyimilira ndikofunikanso; choyimilira chokwera kwambiri, ngakhale chimawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuthwa kwa chidacho, koma zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchotsa mawu omveka; otsika kwambiri - kumawonjezera kuyimba kwa chida, koma kufooketsa mphamvu ya sonority yake; njira yotulutsa mawu imathandizidwa mopitilira muyeso ndipo imapangitsa wosewera wa balalaika kuti azingosewera mopanda mawu. Choncho, kusankha koyimilira kuyenera kupatsidwa chidwi chapadera. Maimidwe osasankhidwa bwino amatha kusokoneza phokoso la chidacho ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyimba.

Mabatani a zingwezo (pafupi ndi chishalo) ayenera kupangidwa ndi matabwa olimba kwambiri kapena fupa ndipo azikhala molimba m'matumba awo.

Zingwe za balalaika wamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo, ndipo chingwe choyamba (LA) ndi makulidwe ofanana ndi chingwe choyamba cha gitala, ndipo chingwe chachiwiri ndi chachitatu (MI) chiyenera kukhala chaching'ono! wandiweyani kuposa woyamba.

Kwa konsati ya balalaika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe choyamba chachitsulo cha gitala pa chingwe choyamba (LA), ndi chachiwiri ndi chachitatu (MI) kaya chachiwiri cha gitala kapena chingwe cha violin LA.

Kuyera kwa kukonza ndi timbre kwa chidacho kumadalira kusankha kwa zingwe. Zingwe zoonda kwambiri zimapereka mawu ofooka, onjenjemera; wandiweyani kwambiri kapena zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusewera ndikulepheretsa chida choyimba, kapena, osasunga dongosolo, zidang'ambika.

Zingwe zimakhazikika pazikhomo motere: chingwe cha chingwe chimayikidwa pa batani pa chishalo; kupewa kupotoza ndi kuthyola chingwe, kuyika mosamala pa choyimira ndi mtedza; mapeto apamwamba a chingwecho kawiri, ndi chingwe cha mtsempha ndi zina zambiri - zimakulungidwa pakhungu kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere ndipo kenako zimangodutsa mu dzenje, ndipo pambuyo pake, potembenuza chikhomo, chingwecho chimakonzedwa bwino.

Ndibwino kuti mupange kuzungulira kumapeto kwa chingwe cha mtsempha motere: mutapinda chingwe monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi, ikani kuzungulira kumanzere kumanzere, ndikuyika chopukutira chakumanzere pa batani ndikulimitsa mwamphamvu. Ngati chingwecho chiyenera kuchotsedwa, ndikwanira kukoka pang'ono kumapeto kwaufupi, chipikacho chidzamasula ndipo chikhoza kuchotsedwa mosavuta popanda kinks.

Phokoso la chidacho liyenera kukhala lodzaza, lamphamvu komanso lomveka bwino, lopanda nkhanza kapena kusamva ("mbiya"). Mukatulutsa mawu kuchokera ku zingwe zosakanizidwa, ziyenera kukhala zazitali ndikuzimiririka osati nthawi yomweyo, koma pang'onopang'ono. Kumveka bwino kumadalira makamaka miyeso yolondola ya chida ndi ubwino wa zipangizo zomangira, mlatho ndi zingwe.

3. Chifukwa chiyani pamasewera pamakhala phokoso komanso phokoso.

a) Ngati chingwecho ndi chomasuka kwambiri kapena choponderezedwa molakwika ndi zala pa frets. Ndikoyenera kukanikiza zingwe pa frets okha amene amatsatira, ndi kutsogolo kwa fretted zitsulo nati, monga taonera mkuyu 6, 12, 13, etc.

b) Ngati ma frets sali ofanana mu msinkhu, ena ndi apamwamba, ena ndi otsika. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera ma frets ndi fayilo ndikuwatchetcha ndi sandpaper. Ngakhale uku ndikukonza kosavuta, ndikwabwino kuyika kwa katswiri waluso.

c) Ngati ma frets atha pakapita nthawi ndipo ma indentations apanga mwa iwo. Kukonzekera komweko monga momwe zinalili kale kumafunika, kapena m'malo mwa ma frets akale ndi atsopano. Kukonza kungatheke kokha ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito.

d) Ngati zikhomo sizikung'ambika bwino. Ayenera kutsutsidwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa.

e) Ngati mtedza uli wochepa kapena wadulidwa kwambiri pansi pa dziko. Iyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano.

e) Ngati chingwe choyimira chili chochepa. Muyenera kuyiyika pamwamba.

g) Ngati choyimilira chili chotayirira pa sitimayo. Ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndege yapansi ya choyimilira ndi mpeni, planer kapena fayilo kuti igwirizane mwamphamvu pa sitimayo ndipo palibe mipata kapena mipata pakati pake ndi sitimayo.

h) Ngati pali ming'alu kapena ming'alu m'thupi kapena padenga la chidacho. Chidacho chiyenera kukonzedwa ndi katswiri.

i) Ngati akasupe atsalira m’mbuyo (otuluka m’mwamba). Kukonzanso kwakukulu kumafunika: kutsegula bolodi la mawu ndi kumata akasupe (zingwe zopyapyala zomata mkati mwa bolodi lamawu ndi zida zowerengera).

j) Ngati zida zokhotakhota zapindika ndikukhudza sitimayo. Ndikofunikira kukonza zida, veneer kapena m'malo mwake ndi zatsopano. Kwakanthawi, kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka, mutha kuyala kapu kakang'ono ka matabwa pamalo olumikizana pakati pa chipolopolo ndi sitimayo.

k) Ngati zingwezo ndi zoonda kwambiri kapena zochunidwa kwambiri. Muyenera kusankha zingwe za makulidwe oyenera, ndikusintha chidacho ku foloko yokonza.

m) Ngati zingwe za m'matumbo zaphwanyika ndipo tsitsi ndi ma burrs zapangika pa iwo. Zingwe zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano.

4. Chifukwa chiyani zingwe sizikumveka pa frets ndipo chida sichimapereka dongosolo loyenera.

a) Ngati chingwe choyima sichikupezeka. Choyimiliracho chiyenera kuyima kotero kuti mtunda wochoka pa izo mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri fret uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi mtunda kuchokera pa khumi ndi ziwiri fret kupita ku mtedza.

Ngati chingwecho, choponderezedwa pa khumi ndi ziwiri fret, sichipereka octave yoyera pokhudzana ndi phokoso la chingwe chotseguka ndikumveka pamwamba kuposa momwe chiyenera kukhalira, choyimiriracho chiyenera kusunthidwa kutali ndi bokosi la mawu; ngati chingwecho chikumveka chochepa, ndiye kuti choyimilira, m'malo mwake, chiyenera kusunthidwa pafupi ndi bokosi la mawu.

Malo amene choyimiliracho chiyenera kukhala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kadontho kakang'ono pazida zabwino.

b) Ngati zingwezo ndi zabodza, zosagwirizana, sizipanga bwino. Ayenera kusinthidwa ndi zingwe zabwinoko. Chingwe chabwino chachitsulo chimakhala chonyezimira ngati chitsulo, sichimapindika, ndipo chimakhala cholimba kwambiri. Chingwe chopangidwa ndi chitsulo choyipa kapena chitsulo sichikhala ndi chitsulo chonyezimira, chimapindika mosavuta ndipo sichimaphuka bwino.

Zingwe zam'matumbo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchita bwino. Chingwe chosagwirizana, chosapukutidwa bwino sichipereka dongosolo loyenera.

Posankha zingwe zapakati, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mita ya chingwe, yomwe mungadzipangire nokha kuchokera ku chitsulo, matabwa kapena ngakhale mbale ya makatoni.
Mphete iliyonse ya chingwe cha mtsempha, mosamala, kuti isaphwanyidwe, imakankhidwa muzitsulo za mita ya chingwe, ndipo ngati chingwe mu utali wake wonse chimakhala ndi makulidwe ofanana, mwachitsanzo, mu kupasuka kwa mita ya chingwe nthawi zonse. ikafika pachimake chofanana m'mbali zake zonse, kenako idzamveka bwino.

Ubwino ndi chiyero cha phokoso la chingwe (kupatula kukhulupirika kwake) zimatengeranso kutsitsimuka kwake. Chingwe chabwino chimakhala ndi kuwala, pafupifupi mtundu wa amber ndipo, pamene mphete yafinyidwa, imabwereranso, kuyesera kubwerera kumalo ake oyambirira.

Zingwe za m'matumbo ziyenera kusungidwa mu pepala la sera (momwe zimagulitsidwa nthawi zambiri), kutali ndi chinyezi, koma osati pamalo ouma kwambiri.

c) Ngati ma frets sanayime bwino pa fretboard. Pamafunika kukonzanso kwakukulu komwe kungatheke kokha ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito.

d) Ngati khosi lapindika, pindani. Pamafunika kukonzanso kwakukulu komwe kungatheke kokha ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito.

5. N’chifukwa chiyani zingwe sizikhala m’mawu.

a) Ngati chingwecho sichinakhazikike bwino pa msomali ndikukwawa. Ndikofunikira kumangirira chingwecho mosamala pa msomali monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.

b) Ngati kuzungulira kwa fakitale kumapeto kwa chingwe sikunapangidwe bwino. Muyenera kupanga loop yatsopano nokha kapena kusintha chingwe.

c) Ngati zingwe zatsopanozo sizinakhazikitsidwebe. Kuyika zingwe zatsopano pa chida ndi kukonza, ndikofunikira kuzimitsa, kukanikiza pang'ono bolodi la mawu ndi chala chachikulu pafupi ndi choyimira ndi bokosi la mawu kapena kukokera mosamala mmwamba. Pambuyo pomanga zingwezo, chidacho chiyenera kukonzedwa bwino. Zingwezo ziyenera kumangika mpaka chingwecho chikhalebe bwino ngakhale chikumangirira.

d) Ngati chidacho chikukonzedwa ndikumasula kulimba kwa zingwe. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera chidacho pomangitsa, osati kumasula chingwe. Ngati chingwecho chikukonzedwa pamwamba kuposa chofunikira, ndi bwino kumasula ndikuchikonza bwino pochilimbitsanso; apo ayi, chingwecho ndithudi kuchepetsa ikukonzekera pamene inu kusewera izo.

e) Mapini akapanda dongosolo, amasiya ndipo sasunga mzerewo. Muyenera kusintha msomali womwe wawonongeka ndi watsopano kapena yesani kuyitembenuzira mbali ina mukayikhazikitsa.

6. Chifukwa chiyani zingwe zimaduka.

a) Ngati zingwezo sizili bwino. Zingwe ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamala pogula.

b) Ngati zingwezo ndi zokhuthala kuposa momwe zimafunikira. Zingwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchindikala ndi giredi zomwe zawoneka kuti ndizoyenera kwambiri pachidacho.

c) Ngati mulingo wa chidacho ndi wautali kwambiri, kusankha kwapadera kwa zingwe zocheperako kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale chida chotere chiyenera kuwonedwa ngati cholakwika chopanga.

d) Ngati chingwe choyima chili chowonda kwambiri (chakuthwa). Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa ma bets a makulidwe abwinobwino, ndipo kudula kwa zingwe kuyenera kupakidwa mchenga ndi pepala lagalasi (sandpaper) kuti pasakhale m'mphepete lakuthwa.

e) Ngati bowo lazikhomo lomwe mwalowetsamo chingwe lili ndi nsonga zakuthwa kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi kusalaza m'mphepete mwake ndi fayilo yaing'ono ya katatu ndi mchenga ndi sandpaper.

f) Ngati chingwecho, chikayikidwa ndi kuvala, chimakhala chopindika ndikusweka. Ndikofunikira kuyika ndi kukoka chingwe pa chidacho kuti zingwe zisaswe kapena kupotoza.

7. Momwe mungasungire chida.

Sungani chida chanu mosamala. Chidacho chimafuna kusamala. Musayisunge m'chipinda chonyowa, musachipachike pambali kapena pafupi ndi zenera lotseguka nyengo yamvula, musachiyike pawindo. Kumamwa chinyezi, chidacho chimakhala chonyowa, chimatuluka ndikutaya mawu ake, ndipo zingwezo zimachita dzimbiri.

Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kusunga chida padzuwa, pafupi ndi kutentha kapena pamalo owuma kwambiri: izi zimapangitsa kuti chidacho chiume, sitimayo ndi thupi zimaphulika, ndipo zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito konse.

Ndikofunikira kusewera chidacho ndi manja owuma komanso oyera, apo ayi dothi limaunjikana pa fretboard pafupi ndi ma frets pansi pa zingwe, ndipo zingwezo zimachita dzimbiri ndikutaya mawu ake omveka bwino komanso kukonza koyenera. Ndi bwino kupukuta khosi ndi zingwe ndi nsalu youma, yoyera mutasewera.

Kuti chidacho chitetezedwe ku fumbi ndi chinyezi, chiyenera kusungidwa munsalu yopangidwa ndi tarpaulin, yokhala ndi nsalu yofewa kapena mu katoni yokhala ndi mafuta.
Ngati mutha kupeza chida chabwino, ndipo pamapeto pake chidzafunika kukonza, samalani ndikusintha ndi "kuchikongoletsa". Ndizowopsa kwambiri kuchotsa lacquer yakale ndikuphimba phokoso lapamwamba ndi lacquer yatsopano. Chida chabwino chochokera ku "kukonza" koteroko chingathe kutaya makhalidwe ake abwino kwamuyaya.

8. Momwe mungakhalire ndikugwira balalaika mukusewera.

Mukamasewera balalaika, muyenera kukhala pampando, pafupi ndi m'mphepete kuti mawondo agwedezeke pafupi ndi ngodya yoyenera, ndipo thupi limagwira momasuka komanso molunjika.

Kutenga balalaika pakhosi m'dzanja lanu lamanzere, kuyika pakati pa mawondo anu ndi thupi ndi mopepuka, kuti mukhale okhazikika, finyani ngodya yapansi ya chidacho. Chotsani khosi la chida kwa inu pang'ono.

Pamasewera, palibe kukanikiza chigongono cha dzanja lamanzere kwa thupi ndipo musatengere monyanyira kumbali.

Khosi la chidacho liyenera kugona pang'ono pansi pa chikhomo chachitatu chala chala chakumanzere. Chikhatho cha dzanja lamanzere sichiyenera kukhudza khosi la chida.

Kutsetsereka kungaganizidwe koyenera:

a) ngati chidacho chimasunga malo ake pamasewera ngakhale osachirikiza ndi dzanja lamanzere;

b) ngati kusuntha kwa zala ndi dzanja lamanzere kuli kwaulere ndipo sikumangidwa ndi "kusamalira" chida, ndi

c) ngati kuterako kuli kwachilengedwe, kumapangitsa chidwi chakunja ndipo sikutopetsa wosewera panthawi yamasewera.