Bagpipe: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, momwe zimamvekera, mbiri, mitundu

Chikwama cha bagpipe ndi chimodzi mwa zida zoimbira zoyambirira zomwe zidapangidwa ndi munthu. Pachikhalidwe, dzina lake limagwirizanitsidwa ndi Scotland, ngakhale kusiyana kwa bagpipe kumapezeka pafupifupi m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya komanso ku Asia.

Kodi bagpipe ndi chiyani

The bagpipe ndi gulu la bango mphepo zida zoimbira. Zimawoneka ngati thumba lokhala ndi machubu otuluka mwachisawawa (nthawi zambiri zidutswa 2-3), mkati mwake okhala ndi malilime. Kuphatikiza pa machubu, pamawu osiyanasiyana, pangakhale makiyi, matope.

Zimapanga kuboola, phokoso la m'mphuno - zimamveka kutali. Kutali, mawu a chitoliro amafanana ndi kuyimba kwa munthu. Ena amaona kuti mawu ake ndi amatsenga, okhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pa moyo wabwino.

Mitundu ya bagpipe ndi yochepa: ma octave 1-2 okha ndi omwe amapezeka. Ndizovuta kwambiri kusewera, kotero kale amuna okha anali oimba zitoliro. Posachedwapa, amayi nawonso atenga nawo mbali pakupanga chida.

Chipangizo cha bagpipe

Kapangidwe ka chida ndi motere:

• Tanki yosungira. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi khungu la chiweto kapena chikhodzodzo chake. Kawirikawiri "eni" akale a thanki, yomwe imatchedwanso thumba, ndi ng'ombe, mbuzi, ng'ombe, nkhosa. Chofunikira chachikulu cha thumba ndikumangirira, kudzaza mpweya wabwino.
• Jekeseni chubu-mouthpiece. Ili kumtunda, yomangirizidwa ku thumba ndi masilindala amatabwa. Cholinga - kudzaza thanki ndi mpweya. Kuti zisabwerenso, pali valavu yotsekera mkati mwa chubu chapakamwa.
• Chanter (chitoliro cha melodic). Zikuwoneka ngati chitoliro. Amamangirira pansi pa thumba. Okonzeka ndi mabowo angapo phokoso, mkati mwake muli bango (lilime), oscillating ndi zochita za mpweya, kupanga phokoso kunjenjemera. Woimbayo amaimba nyimbo yaikulu pogwiritsa ntchito choyimbira.
• Drones (mapaipi a bourdon). Chiwerengero cha drones ndi zidutswa 1-4. Sewerani pamawu osalekeza akumbuyo.

Sound m'zigawo luso

Woimba akuimba nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito chubu. Ili ndi nsonga momwe mpweya umawulutsira mkati, mabowo angapo am'mbali. Machubu a Bourdon, omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga phokoso lakumbuyo, ayenera kusinthidwa - kutengera nyimbo. Amatsindika mutu waukulu, kusintha kwa phula chifukwa cha pistoni mu bourdons.

Nkhani ya

Sizikudziwika kuti chikwamacho chinawonekera liti - asayansi akukanganabe za chiyambi chake. Chifukwa chake, sizikudziwika komwe chidacho chinapangidwira komanso kuti ndi dziko liti lomwe lingathe kuonedwa ngati malo obadwirako bagpipe.

Zitsanzo zofanana za zida zoimbira zakhalapo kuyambira kalekale. Malo omwe akuti adachokera amatchedwa Sumer, China. Chinthu chimodzi n'chachidziŵikire: bagpipe anauka ngakhale pamaso pa kubwela kwa nthawi yathu, anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu akale, kuphatikizapo mayiko Asia. Kutchulidwa kwa chida choterocho, zithunzi zake zimapezeka kwa Agiriki akale, Aroma.

Poyenda padziko lonse lapansi, bagpipe adapeza mafani atsopano kulikonse. Zotsatira zake zimapezeka ku India, France, Germany, Spain ndi mayiko ena. Mu Russia, chitsanzo chofananacho chinalipo panthawi ya kutchuka kwa buffoons. Iwo atasiya kukondedwa, chikwapu chomwe chinkatsagana ndi ziwonetserozo chinawonongekanso.

Chipochi chimatengedwa ngati chida cha ku Scottish. Kamodzi m'dziko lino, chidacho chinakhala chizindikiro chake, chuma cha dziko. Scotland ndi yosatheka popanda phokoso lachisoni komanso lopweteka lopangidwa ndi zitoliro. Mwachiwonekere, chidacho chinabweretsedwa kwa Scots kuchokera ku Nkhondo Zamtanda. Anasangalala ndi kutchuka kwakukulu pakati pa anthu okhala m’madera amapiri. Chifukwa cha anthu okhala m'mapiri, bagpipe sinangopeza mawonekedwe ake, koma kenako idakhala chida chadziko.

Mitundu ya bagpipe

Chida chakale chafalikira bwino padziko lonse lapansi, kusintha panjira, kusinthika. Pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kudzitamandira ndi bagpipes: kukhala ndi maziko amodzi, amasiyana nthawi yomweyo. Mayina a bagpipes m'zilankhulo zina ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Chiameniya

Chida cha anthu aku Armenia, chokonzedwa ngati chikwama cha ku Ireland, chimatchedwa "parkapzuk". Ili ndi mawu amphamvu, akuthwa. Mawonekedwe: kukulitsa thumba ndi woimbayo komanso mothandizidwa ndi mavuvu apadera, kukhalapo kwa machubu amodzi kapena awiri okhala ndi mabowo. Woimbayo akugwira thumba kumbali, pakati pa mkono ndi thupi, kukakamiza mpweya mkati mwa kukanikiza chigongono ku thupi.

Chibugariya

Dzina lachidacho ndi gaida. Lili ndi mawu otsika. Anthu akumudzi amapanga gaida pogwiritsa ntchito zikopa za ziweto (mbuzi, nkhosa). Mutu wa nyama umasiyidwa ngati gawo la chida - mapaipi otulutsa mawu amatulukamo.

Breton

Ma Bretons adatha kupanga mitundu itatu nthawi imodzi: mbuzi ya biniu (chida chakale chomwe chimamveka ngati choyambirira mu duet ndi bombarda), biniu braz (analogue ya chida cha Scottish chopangidwa ndi mbuye wa Breton kumapeto kwa XNUMXth. zana), kunyamulidwa (pafupifupi mofanana ndi mbuzi ya biniu, koma imamveka bwino popanda kutsagana ndi bombarda).

Irish

Anawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII. Zinali zosiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ubweya womwe umatulutsa mpweya mkati. Ili ndi mndandanda wabwino wa 2 octave wathunthu.

Chikazaki

Dzina la dziko ndi zhelbuaz. Ndi chikopa chamadzi chokhala ndi khosi chomwe chimatha kusindikizidwa. Zovala pakhosi, pazingwe. Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito mumagulu a zida zamtundu wa Kazakh.

Chilithuaniya-Chibelarusi

Zolemba zoyamba za duda, chikwama chopanda bourdon, kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX. Duda ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, atapeza ntchito m'mbiri. Zotchuka osati ku Lithuania, Belarus, komanso ku Poland. Pali chida chofanana cha Czech chomwe chimavalidwa pamapewa.

Spanish

Zopangidwa ku Spain zotchedwa "gaita" zimasiyana ndi zina zonse pamaso pa nyimbo ziwiri za nzimbe. Mkati mwa chanter pali kanjira kakang'ono, kunja - mabowo 7 a zala kuphatikiza imodzi kumbuyo.

Chitaliyana

Mipope yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akummwera kwa dzikolo, yotchedwa "zamponya". Amakhala ndi mapaipi awiri oimba, mapaipi awiri a bourdon.

Mari

Dzina la mitundu ya Mari ndi shuvyr. Ili ndi mawu akuthwa, akunjenjemera pang'ono. Zokhala ndi machubu atatu: awiri - melodic, imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mpweya.

Mordovian

Mapangidwe a Mordovia amatchedwa "puvama". Iwo anali ndi tanthauzo la mwambo - ankakhulupirira kuti amateteza ku diso loipa, kuwonongeka. Panali mitundu iwiri, yosiyana ndi chiwerengero cha mipope, njira yosewera.

Chiossetiya

Dzina ladziko ndi lalym-wadyndz. Ili ndi machubu 2: melodic, komanso kupopera mpweya m'thumba. Panthawi ya sewero, woimbayo akugwira thumba m'dera la kukhwapa, akumapopa mpweya ndi dzanja lake.

Portuguese

Zofanana ndi kapangidwe ka Spanish ndi dzina - gaita. Zosiyanasiyana - gaita de fole, gaita Galician, etc.

Russian

Chinali chida chodziwika bwino. Anali ndi mapaipi 4. Inalowedwa m’malo ndi zida zina zadziko.

Chiyukireniya

Ili ndi dzina loti "mbuzi". Ndizofanana ndi za ku Bulgaria, pamene mutu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi khungu la nyama.

Chifalansa

Madera osiyanasiyana adzikoli ali ndi mitundu yawo: cabrette (single-burdon, elbow type), bodega (single-burdon), musette (chida chakhothi chazaka za XNUMX-XNUMX).

Chuvash

Mitundu iwiri - shapar, sarnay. Iwo amasiyana mu chiwerengero cha machubu, nyimbo luso.

Scottish

Odziwika kwambiri komanso otchuka. M'chilankhulo chamtundu, dzinali limamveka ngati "chikwama". Lili ndi mapaipi 5: 3 bourdon, 1 melodic, 1 yowomba mpweya.

Estonia

Maziko ake ndi m'mimba kapena chikhodzodzo cha nyama ndi 4-5 machubu (imodzi aliyense kuwomba mpweya ndi kuimba nyimbo, kuphatikizapo 2-3 bourdon machubu).