Alexander Varlamov (Alexander Varlamov) |

Alexander Varlamov

Zokonda ndi nyimbo za A. Varlamov ndi tsamba lowala mu nyimbo zaku Russia. Wolemba talente yodabwitsa, adapanga ntchito zaluso kwambiri, zomwe zidatchuka kwambiri. Ndani sadziwa nyimbo za "Red Sundress", "Pamsewu mvula yamkuntho imasesa" kapena zachikondi "Nyanja yosungulumwa imakhala yoyera", "M'bandakucha, musamudzutse"? Monga momwe munthu wapanthaŵiyo ananenera moyenerera, nyimbo zake “zokhala ndi malingaliro achirasha chabe zakhala zotchuka.” "Red Sarafan" yodziwika bwino inayimbidwa "ndi makalasi onse - m'chipinda chochezera cha munthu wolemekezeka komanso m'nyumba ya nkhuku za anthu wamba", ndipo adagwidwa ngakhale m'mabuku otchuka a ku Russia. Nyimbo za Varlamov zimawonekeranso m'nthano: zokonda za wolemba, monga chikhalidwe cha moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, zimayambitsidwa m'ntchito za olemba ambiri - N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Leskov, I. Bunin komanso ngakhale wolemba Chingelezi J. Galsworthy (buku lakuti "Mapeto a Chaputala"). Koma tsogolo la woimbayo linali lochepa kwambiri kuposa tsogolo la nyimbo zake.

Varlamov anabadwira m'banja losauka. Talente yake yanyimbo idadziwonetsa koyambirira: adadziphunzitsa yekha adaphunzira kuyimba violin - adatenga nyimbo zamtundu wapakhutu. Mawu okongola, a sonorous a mnyamatayo adatsimikiza za tsogolo lake: ali ndi zaka 9 adaloledwa ku St. Petersburg Court Singing Chapel ngati woimba wachinyamata. M’gulu lakwaya lotchuka limeneli, Varlamov anaphunzira motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera tchalitchi, woimba wotchuka wa ku Russia wotchedwa D. Bortnyansky. Posakhalitsa Varlamov anakhala woimba solo, anaphunzira kuimba piyano, cello, ndi gitala.

Mu 1819, woimba wamng'onoyo anatumizidwa ku Holland monga mphunzitsi wakwaya mu tchalitchi cha kazembe wa Russia ku The Hague. Dziko lamitundu yosiyanasiyana limatseguka pamaso pa mnyamatayo: nthawi zambiri amapita ku opera ndi ma concert. amaimba ngakhale poyera ngati woyimba komanso woyimba gitala. Ndiyeno, mwa kuvomereza kwake, “anaphunzira dala nthanthi ya nyimbo.” Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo (1823), Varlamov anaphunzitsa ku St. Posachedwapa, mu holo ya Philharmonic Society, amapereka konsati wake woyamba mu Russia, kumene amachitira symphonic ndi nyimbo kwaya ndi kuchita monga woimba. Misonkhano ndi M. Glinka inathandiza kwambiri - inathandizira kupanga malingaliro odziimira a woimba wachinyamata pa chitukuko cha luso la Russia.

Mu 1832, Varlamov anaitanidwa kukhala wothandizira wa kondakitala wa Moscow Imperial Theatre, ndiye analandira udindo wa "wopeka nyimbo." Mwamsanga analowa m'bwalo la Moscow artic intelligentsia, pakati pawo panali anthu ambiri aluso, osunthika komanso aluso kwambiri: ochita zisudzo M. Shchepkin, P. Mochalov; olemba A. Gurilev, A. Verstovsky; wolemba ndakatulo N. Tsyganov; olemba M. Zagoskin, N. Polevoy; woimba A. Bantyshev ndi ena. Iwo anasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi chikhumbo champhamvu cha nyimbo, ndakatulo, ndi zaluso zamakolo.

Varlamov analemba kuti: “Nyimbo zimafuna munthu kukhala wamoyo, ndipo anthu a ku Russia ali nazo, umboni ndi nyimbo za makolo athu.” Pazaka izi, Varlamov adalemba "Red Sundress", "O, zimapweteka, koma zimapweteka", "Mtima wotani uwu", "Musapange phokoso, mphepo yamkuntho", "Zomwe zakhala zifunga, m'bandakucha? ndi zomveka” komanso zachikondi ndi nyimbo zina zomwe zidaphatikizidwa mu “ Nyimbo zanyimbo za 1833 ″ ndikulemekeza dzina la woipeka. Akugwira ntchito m'bwalo la zisudzo, Varlamov amalemba nyimbo zazinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi ("Awiri-mkazi" ndi "Roslavlev" ndi A. Shakhovsky - wachiwiri kutengera buku la M. Zagoskin; "Prince Silver" kutengera nkhani ya "Attacks" Wolemba A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky; "Esmeralda" yochokera mu buku la "Notre Dame Cathedral" lolemba V. Hugo, "Hamlet" lolemba V. Shakespeare). Chiwonetsero cha tsoka la Shakespeare chinali chochitika chapadera. V. Belinsky, yemwe adachita nawo masewerawa kasanu ndi kawiri, adalemba mokondwera za kumasulira kwa Polevoy, machitidwe a Mochalov monga Hamlet, za nyimbo ya Ophelia wamisala ...

Ballet nayenso chidwi Varlamov. 2 ya ntchito zake mu mtundu uwu - "Kusangalala kwa Sultan, kapena Wogulitsa Akapolo" ndi "The Cunning Boy ndi Ogre", olembedwa pamodzi ndi A. Guryanov pogwiritsa ntchito nthano ya Ch. Perrault "Mnyamata ndi chala", anali pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre. Wolemba nyimboyo adafunanso kulemba opera - adachita chidwi ndi chiwembu cha ndakatulo ya A. Mickiewicz "Konrad Wallenrod", koma lingalirolo silinakwaniritsidwe.

Kuchita kwa Varlamov sikunasiye moyo wake wonse. Iye mwadongosolo ankaimba zoimbaimba, nthawi zambiri monga woimba. Wolembayo anali ndi tenor yaing'ono, koma yokongola mu timbre, kuyimba kwake kunali kosiyana ndi nyimbo zosowa komanso kuwona mtima. "Iye adafotokoza ... zachikondi zake," m'modzi mwa abwenzi ake adatero.

Varlamov ankadziwikanso kuti ndi mphunzitsi wa mawu. "School of Singing" (1840) - ntchito yaikulu yoyamba ku Russia m'dera lino - siinataye tanthauzo lake ngakhale tsopano.

Zaka 3 zapitazo Varlamov anakhala ku St. Petersburg, kumene ankayembekezera kuti adzakhalanso mphunzitsi mu Singing Chapel. Chokhumba chimenechi sichinakwaniritsidwe, moyo unali wovuta. Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa woimba sikunamuteteze ku umphawi ndi kukhumudwa. Anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu ali ndi zaka 47.

Gawo lalikulu, lofunika kwambiri la cholowa cha Varlamov ndi zachikondi ndi nyimbo (pafupifupi 200, kuphatikiza ma ensembles). Bwalo la olemba ndakatulo ndi lalikulu kwambiri: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Polezhaev, A. Timofeev, N. Tsyganov. Varlamov amatsegula nyimbo za ku Russia A. Koltsov, A. Pleshcheev, A. Fet, M. Mikhailov. Monga A. Dargomyzhsky, iye ndi mmodzi mwa oyamba kulankhula ndi Lermontov; chidwi chake chinakopekanso ndi matembenuzidwe a IV Goethe, G. Heine, P. Beranger.

Varlamov - woimba, woimba wa maganizo osavuta umunthu, luso lake anasonyeza maganizo ndi zokhumba za anthu a m'nthawi yake, anali mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chauzimu cha m'ma 1830. "Ludzu la namondwe" m'chikondi "Nyanja yosungulumwa imasanduka yoyera" kapena chikhalidwe chachiwonongeko chachikondi "Ndizovuta, palibe mphamvu" ndi zithunzi za Varlamov. Zomwe zidachitika panthawiyo zidakhudzanso chikhumbo chachikondi komanso kumasuka kwa mawu a Varlamov. Mitundu yake ndi yotakata kwambiri: kuchokera ku utoto wowala, wopaka utoto wamadzi pazithunzi zachikondi "Ndimakonda kuyang'ana usiku wopanda mitambo" mpaka kukongola kochititsa chidwi "Mwapita".

Ntchito ya Varlamov imagwirizana kwambiri ndi miyambo ya nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi nyimbo zamtundu. Mozama, imasonyeza mochenjera mbali zake za nyimbo - m'chinenero, m'nkhani, m'mapangidwe ophiphiritsira. Zithunzi zambiri zachikondi za Varlamov, komanso njira zingapo zoimbira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi nyimbo, zimalozera m'tsogolo, ndipo luso la woimbayo lokweza nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku ku mlingo wa luso lapamwamba liyenera kuyang'anitsitsa ngakhale lero.

N. Mapepala