Cantus firmus, cantus firmus

lat., liti. - kuyimba kolimba, kapena kolimba, kolimba, kosasintha; italo. canto fermo

Mu zaka 15-16. mutu wa ntchito yaikulu yakwaya. (nthawi zina mbali zake zokha), zobwerekedwa ndi wopeka kuchokera ku nyimbo zomwe zilipo (zadziko, zauzimu) kapena zolembedwa ndi iye ndikutumikira monga maziko a muses. mawonekedwe. M'mbuyomu C.f. mawonekedwewo anali cantus planus (ngakhale kuyimba), malinga ndi Tinktoris, wopangidwa ndi zolemba zautali (kwenikweni, zazikulu) ndi mawonekedwe a nyimbo za Gregorian (onani nyimbo ya Gregorian). C. f., monga cantus planus, inalembedwa m’zolemba zautali wautali ndipo nthawi zambiri inkaikidwa mu tenor (motero dzina la liwu ili: kuchokera ku Latin tenere – I hold, I kukoka).

C.f. anatsimikiza kuti mawu akewo anali amtundu wanji, chifukwa mawu ake ena onse nthawi zambiri ankakhala omveka. wolemba C.f. mu rhythm yaulere. kusinthidwa. Izi zochokera ku C. f. ndi zigawo zake, timitu tating'onoting'ono tinkachita motsanzira m'mawu ena, kuchititsa mgwirizano wa nyimboyo ndi ubale wodziwika wosiyana wa rhythmic ndi C. f. M'magulu akuluakulu kupanga, mwachitsanzo. mwaunyinji, ndi kugwidwa mobwerezabwereza kwa S. f. nthawi zina zosiyana zake zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa ndi kusuntha (J. Despres - Misa "Armed Man", mbali za Gloria ndi Credo). Ndi kubwera kwa ricercar pakati. Zaka za zana la 16 C. f. pang'onopang'ono amadutsa mu mawonekedwe awa m'mawonekedwe ochita mutuwo mokweza kawiri, katatu (A. Gabrieli ndi ena) ndipo, motero, amakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zinakonzekera fugue. Kutanthauzira kosiyana kwa C. f. amalowa mmenemo. “nyimbo ya tenor” (Tenorlied) ya m’zaka za zana la 16, m’makonzedwe a kwaya a m’zaka za zana la 17-18. (S. Scheidt, D. Buxtehude, J. Pachelbel, JS Bach) - kuyimba kwake ngakhale kwa nthawi yayitali kumaphatikizidwa ndi mawu otsutsana, otukuka momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino. Kupitiliza kwa mwambo uwu m'zaka za zana la 19. zidakonzedwa Nar. nyimbo za I. Brahms ("Germany Folk Songs", 1858). Monga kusintha kwa mfundo yakale yogwiritsira ntchito C. f. Kusiyana kwa basso ostinato, komwe kunafala kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 17-18, kungaganizidwe.

Zothandizira: Sokolov N., Zotsanzira pa Cantus firmus. Chitsogozo chophunzirira zotsutsana. L., 1928; Aubry P., (Gastouy A.), Recherches sur les “Tenors” latins dans les motets du XIII siècle d'apris le manuscript de Montpellier, “La Tribune de Saint-Gervais”, XIII, 1907, ed. ed. - Aubry P., Recherches sur les "Tenors" français ..., P., 1907; Sawyer FH, Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuchiza canto fermo ndi sukulu ya Netherlands ya zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu, Mapepala a American Musicological Society, v. LXIII, 1937; Meier B., Die Harmonik im cantus firmus-haltigen Satz des 15. Jahrhunderts, “AfMw”, Jahrg. IX, 1952, H. 1; Schmidt G., Zur Frage des Cantus firmus im 14. und beginnenden 15. Jahrhundert, “AfMw”, Jahrg. XV, 1958, No. 4; Finsher L., Zur Cantus firmus-Behandlung in der Psalm-Motette der Josquinzeit, in H. Albrecht in memoriam, Kassel, 1962, s. 55-62; Zimayambitsa EH, Cantus firmus mu misa ndi motet. 1420-1520, Berk. - Los Ang., 1963.

TF Müller