Banjo - chida choimbira cha zingwe

Banjo - chida choimbira tsopano ndi chapamwamba kwambiri ndipo chikufunidwa, kale chinali chovuta kugula kupatula US, koma tsopano chili m'sitolo iliyonse ya nyimbo. Mwinamwake, mfundoyi ili mu mawonekedwe osangalatsa, omasuka kusewera ndi phokoso losangalatsa lachete. Okonda nyimbo ambiri amawona mafano awo m’mafilimu akuseŵera banjo ndipo amafunanso kutenga chinthu chodabwitsa chimenechi.

Ndipotu, banjo ndi mtundu wa gitala yomwe ili ndi bolodi lomveka lachilendo - ndi chowunikira chomwe chimatambasulidwa pathupi, ngati mutu wa ng'oma. Nthawi zambiri chidacho chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zachi Irish, ndi blues, ndi nyimbo zachikhalidwe, ndi zina zotero - chiwerengerocho chikukula nthawi zonse, chifukwa cha kukula kwa kufalikira kwa banjo.

Chida cha American Traditional

Amakhulupirira kuti kunalibe chida chofunikira kwambiri cha nyimbo zachikhalidwe za ku Africa m'zaka za zana la 19; chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, zinkawoneka ngakhale m'mabanja osauka kwambiri ndipo anthu ambiri akuda aku America adayesa kuzidziwa.

Tandem yotereyi ndiyosangalatsa:

violin kuphatikiza banjo, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza uku ndikosavuta kwa nyimbo "zoyambirira" zaku America. Pali zosankha zingapo, koma nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza banjo yazingwe 6, chifukwa ndiyosavuta kuyimba pambuyo pa gitala, koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi zingwe zochepetsedwa kapena mosinthanitsa.

Mbiri ya Banjo

Banjoyo inabweretsedwa ku America ndi oyendetsa sitima ochokera Kumadzulo kwa Africa cha m’ma 1600. Mandolin akhoza kuonedwa ngati wachibale wa banjo, ngakhale kuti ochita kafukufuku adzakupatsani pafupifupi zida 60 zosiyana siyana zomwe ziri zofanana ndi banjo ndipo zingakhale zotsogolera.

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa banjo kumapezeka ndi dokotala wachingelezi Hans Sloan mu 1687. Anawona chida ku Jamaica kuchokera ku akapolo a ku Africa. Zida zawo zidapangidwa kuchokera ku mphonda zouma zokutidwa ndi zikopa.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ku United States, banjoyo inapikisana kwambiri ndi violin mu nyimbo za African American, ndipo inakopa chidwi cha oimba achizungu, kuphatikizapo Joel Walker Sweeney, omwe adatchuka kwambiri ndi banjo ndikubweretsa ku siteji mu 1830s. Banjo nayenso ali ndi ngongole ya kusinthika kwake kwakunja kwa D. Sweeney: anasintha thupi la dzungu ndi thupi la ng'oma, adadula khosi la khosi ndi mafinya ndikusiya zingwe zisanu: zinayi zazitali ndi imodzi yayifupi.

Chiwopsezo cha kutchuka kwa banjo chikugwera pa theka lachiwiri mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, pamene banjo imapezeka m'malo ochitira masewera komanso pakati pa okonda nyimbo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, buku loyamba lodzipangira lokha la kusewera banjo linasindikizidwa, mpikisano wamasewera unachitika, zokambirana zoyamba zopangira zida zinatsegulidwa, zingwe zamatumbo zidasinthidwa ndi zitsulo, opanga amayesa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.

Oimba akatswiri anayamba kuchita pa siteji ntchito zakale monga Beethoven ndi Rossini, anakonza pa banjo. Komanso, banjo yadziwonetsera yokha mumayendedwe oimba monga ragtime, jazz ndi blues. Ndipo ngakhale kuti m’zaka za m’ma 1930 banjoyo inalowedwa m’malo ndi magitala amagetsi okhala ndi mawu owala bwino, m’zaka za m’ma 40 banjoyo anabwezeranso ndipo anabwereranso kumaloko.

Pakali pano, banjo ndi yotchuka ndi oimba padziko lonse lapansi, imamveka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo. Liwu lansangala komanso laphokoso la chidacho limayimba molimbikitsa komanso mokweza.

Zojambulajambula

Mapangidwe a banjo ndi thupi lozungulira lamayimbidwe komanso mtundu wa fretboard. Thupi limafanana ndi ng'oma, pomwe nembanemba imatambasulidwa ndi mphete yachitsulo ndi zomangira. Nembanembayo imatha kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena chikopa. Mapulasitiki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda sputtering kapena mandala (thinnest ndi owala kwambiri). Mutu wokhazikika wa banjo yamakono ndi mainchesi 11.

The zochotseka resonator theka-thupi ali lalikulu pang'ono m'mimba mwake kuposa nembanemba. Chigoba cha thupi nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena chitsulo, ndipo tailpiece imamangiriridwa pamenepo.

Hyphae imamangiriridwa ku thupi mothandizidwa ndi ndodo ya nangula, pomwe zingwe zimakokedwa mothandizidwa ndi zikhomo. Choyimira chamatabwa chimakhala chomasuka pa nembanemba, chomwe chimakanikizidwa ndi zingwe zotambasula. 

Monga gitala, khosi la banjo limagawidwa ndi ma frets kukhala ma frets okonzedwa motsatira chromatic. Banjo yotchuka kwambiri imakhala ndi zingwe zisanu, ndipo chingwe chachisanu ndi chachifupi ndipo chimakhala ndi chikhomo chapadera chomwe chili pa fretboard, pachisanu chake chachisanu. Chingwechi chimaseweredwa ndi chala chachikulu ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bass, kumalira mosalekeza pamodzi ndi nyimbo.

Matupi a Banjo amapangidwa kuchokera ku mahogany kapena mapulo. Mahogany amapereka phokoso lofewa lomwe limakhala ndi ma frequency a midrange, pomwe mapulo amapereka phokoso lowala.

Phokoso la banjo limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphete yomwe imagwira nembanemba. Pali ma pip awiri akuluakulu a mphete: flattop, pamene mutu watambasulidwa ndi mkombero, ndi archtop, pamene mutu umakwezedwa pamwamba pa mlingo wa m'mphepete. Mtundu wachiwiri umamveka bwino kwambiri, womwe umawonekera makamaka pakuimba kwa nyimbo za ku Ireland.

Blues ndi dziko banjo

Palibe chifukwa cholembera mtundu wina wa American classic - dziko - izi ndi nyimbo zowotcha zokhala ndi mawu ake. Gitala wina alowa nawo duet ndipo amakhala atatu athunthu. Ndikofunikira kuti oimba azitha kusinthanitsa zida, chifukwa njira zosewerera ndizofanana, phokoso lokhalo, lomwe lili ndi mitundu yosiyana ya resonant ndi timbre, zimasiyana kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti anthu ena amaganiza kuti banjo imamveka mokondwera ndipo ichi ndi kusiyana kwake kwakukulu, ena, m'malo mwake, kuti amadziwika ndi phokoso lachisoni la "blues", n'zovuta kutsutsana ndi izi, chifukwa malingaliro amagawidwa ndipo kulolerana sikupezeka nthawi zonse.

Zingwe za Banjo

Zingwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo komanso pulasitiki (PVC, nayiloni), ma windings apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito (zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zopanda chitsulo: mkuwa, mkuwa, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lopweteka komanso lakuthwa. Phokoso la khalidwe la banjo limatengedwa ngati phokoso la "tin can", popeza zomveka zoyamba zimakhala kuti zingwe zimamatira ku chinachake ndikugwedeza. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ichi ndi chinthu chabwino, ndipo oimba ambiri amayesetsa kukonzanso phokoso loyambirira la "gitala la ng'oma" pakuyimba kwawo. M'makampani opangira magalimoto, pali banjo ya banjo, yomwe, malinga ndi malipoti ena, imagwirizana ndi nyimbo, koma kwenikweni, imafanana ndi chipewa chake (chimalumikizidwa "molimba" ndi chochapira ndipo chimakhala ndi dzenje lokonzekera gawo lopanda ulusi) kapangidwe ka ng'oma ya chidacho, mwina ndichifukwa chake idatchedwa dzina.

Kupanga zida

Monga tanenera kale, thupi si tingachipeze powerenga gitala sitimayo, koma ngati ng'oma, ndi nembanemba anakonza kutsogolo mbali (m'malo dzenje resonator), anatambasula ndi mphete zitsulo. Izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi zingwe za ng'oma ya msampha. Ndipo kwenikweni, izi ziri choncho: pambuyo pa zonse, phokoso siliri lakunja, monga la gitala kapena balalaika, domra, koma mkati, ng'oma, nembanemba imamveka - ndichifukwa chake timamva phokoso lapadera. Mpheteyo imamangidwa ndi zomangira - izi ndi zomangira zapadera. Ndizosowa tsopano kuti banjo imapangidwa ndi zikopa, ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiyambi, tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, yomwe imakhala yothandiza komanso yosinthidwa mosavuta ngati kuli kofunikira, ndiyotsika mtengo.

Kuyima kwa chingwe kumayikidwa mwachindunji pa nembanemba, kumatsimikizira kutalika komwe zingwezo zidzakhala. M'munsi iwo ali, zimakhala zosavuta kuti wosewera azisewera. Khosi ndi lamatabwa, lolimba kapena mbali zina, zomangika, ngati khosi la gitala, ndi ndodo ya truss, yomwe mungathe kusintha concavity. Zingwezo zimamangidwa ndi zikhomo pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyongolotsi.

Mitundu ya banjo

Banjo yoyambirira yaku America ilibe 6, koma zingwe 5 (zimatchedwa udzu wabuluu, kumasuliridwa ngati udzu wabuluu), ndipo chingwe cha bass chimasinthidwa kukhala G ndipo chimakhala chotseguka (chimafupikitsidwa ndipo sichimangirira), muyenera kupeza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dongosolo lino, ngakhale kuti gitala litangotha ​​kumene, chifukwa njira ya clamping chords ndi yofanana. Pali zitsanzo zopanda chingwe chachisanu chofupikitsidwa, awa ndi ma banjo apamwamba a zingwe zinayi: do, sol, re, la, koma Achi Irish amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe awo apadera, kumene mchere ukukwera, kotero zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa kuti akusewera. , popeza nyimbozo zimamangidwa movutikira ndipo osati monga momwe Achimereka amazolowera. Banjo yazingwe zisanu ndi imodzi ndiyo yosavuta kwambiri, imatchedwa gitala ya banjo, imakhala ndi makonzedwe ofanana, chifukwa chake imakondedwa kwambiri ndi oimba. Chida chosangalatsa cha banjolele chomwe chimaphatikiza ukulele ndi banjo.

Ndipo ngati pali zingwe 8, ndipo 4 ndi ziwiri, ndiye kuti iyi ndi banjo-mandolin.

Palinso chokopa chodziwika bwino, trampoline ya banjo, yomwe ilibe chochita pang'ono ndi nyimbo, koma ndi yotchuka kwambiri, yosavomerezeka kwa ana osapitirira zaka 12 chifukwa ili ndi mlingo wina woopsa. M'mayiko ena, ndizoletsedwa chifukwa cha ngozi, koma izi ndi zina. Chinthu chachikulu ndi inshuwaransi yabwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zida zodzitetezera.

Kuyesera kwa opanga mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa banjo kwapangitsa kuti lero pali mitundu yambiri ya banjo, yomwe imasiyana, mwa zina, mu chiwerengero cha zingwe. Koma otchuka kwambiri ndi banjo ya zingwe zinayi, zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.

• Banjo ya zingwe zinayi ndi classic. Itha kumveka m'magulu oimba, kuyimba payekha kapena kutsagana. Khosi la banjo yotere ndi lalifupi kuposa la banjo ya zingwe zisanu ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dixlend. Kupanga zida - do, mchere, re, la. Achi Irish, mosiyana ndi Achimereka, amagwiritsa ntchito makina awo apadera, omwe amadziwika ndi kusuntha G mmwamba, zomwe zimapereka kuwonjezereka kwazitsulo zopukutidwa. Pakuimba kwa nyimbo za ku Ireland, makina a banjo amasintha kukhala G, D, A, E.

• Zingwe zisanu za banjo zimamveka kwambiri mu nyimbo za dziko kapena bluegrass. Mtundu uwu wa banjo uli ndi khosi lalitali komanso zingwe zosavuta zomwe zimakhala zazifupi kuposa zingwe zokhala ndi kiyi yosinthira. Chingwe chachisanu chofupikitsidwa sichimangika, kukhalabe chotseguka. Kachitidwe ka banjo iyi: (sol) re, mchere, si, re.

• Banjo ya zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi imatchedwanso banjo - gitala, ndipo imakonzedwanso: mi, la, re, mchere, si, mi.

• A banjolele ndi banjo yomwe imaphatikiza ukulele ndi banjo, ili ndi zingwe zinayi imodzi ndipo imakonzedwa motere: C, G, D, G.

• Banjo mandolin ili ndi zingwe zinayi zopindika ngati prima mandolin: G, D, A, E.

Kusewera njira ya Banjo

Palibe njira yapadera yoimbira banjo, ndi yofanana ndi gitala. Kudula ndi kukwapula kwa zingwe kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi plectrums kuvala zala ndi zofanana misomali. Woyimba amagwiritsanso ntchito mkhalapakati kapena zala. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya banjo imaseweredwa ndi kunjenjemera kwamtundu kapena kopindika ndi dzanja lamanja.

Banjo lero

Banjo imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mawu ake owoneka bwino komanso owala kwambiri, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wosiyana ndi zida zina. Anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsa banjo ndi nyimbo za dziko ndi bluegrass. Koma ichi ndi lingaliro lopapatiza kwambiri la chida ichi, chifukwa chikhoza kupezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo: nyimbo za pop, Celtic punk, jazz, blues, ragtime, hardcore.

Koma nyimbo ya banjo imamvekanso ngati chida choimba pawokha. Makamaka a banjo, oimba ngati Buck Trent, Ralph Stanley, Steve Martin, Hank Williams, Todd Taylor, Putnam Smith ndi ena adalemba ntchito. Ntchito zazikulu zachikale: Bach, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Mozart, Grieg ndi ena adalembedwanso ku banjo.

Masiku ano odziwika kwambiri banja jazzmen ndi K. Urban, R. Stewart ndi D. Satriani.

Banjo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapulogalamu apawailesi yakanema (Sesame Street) ndi machitidwe anyimbo (Cabaret, Chicago).

Mabanjo amapangidwa ndi opanga magitala, mwachitsanzo. FENDER, CORT, WASHBURN, GIBSON, ARIA, STAGG.  

Mukamagula ndikusankha banjo, muyenera kupitilira luso lanu loimba komanso zachuma. Oyamba kumene amatha kugula zingwe zinayi kapena banjo yotchuka ya zingwe zisanu. Katswiri angapangire banjo ya zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi. Komanso, yambani ndi nyimbo yomwe mukufuna kuyimba.

Banjo ndi chizindikiro cha nyimbo za chikhalidwe cha ku America, monga balalaika yathu, yomwe, mwa njira, imatchedwa "Russian banjo".

Banjo FAQ

Kodi mawu akuti Banjo amatanthauza chiyani?

Banjo (Eng. Banjo) - zida zoimbira za zingwe monga lute kapena gitala.

Kodi ma frets angati pa bandjo?

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Kodi Bangjo imakonzedwa bwanji?

Mapangidwe a Bango ndi chiwombankhanga chozungulira komanso mtundu wa vulture. Mlanduwu umafanana ndi ng'oma yomwe imatambasulidwa ndi mphete yachitsulo ndi nembanemba.