Cello: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, phokoso, mbiri, kusewera njira, ntchito

Cello amaonedwa kuti ndi chida choimbira kwambiri. Wosewera yemwe amatha kusewera pamenepo amatha kuchita bwino payekha, osachita bwino ngati gawo la oimba.

Cello ndi chiyani

Cello ndi ya banja la zida zoimbira zoweramira zingwe. Mapangidwewo adawoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za akatswiri aku Italiya, omwe adatcha chidacho violoncello (chotanthauziridwa kuti "bass yaying'ono") kapena chidule cha cello.

Kunja, cello imawoneka ngati violin kapena viola, yokulirapo kwambiri. Wopangayo sagwira m'manja mwake, amachiyika pansi patsogolo pake. Kukhazikika kwa gawo lapansi kumaperekedwa ndi choyimira chapadera chotchedwa spire.

Cello ili ndi mawu omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba pamene kuli kofunikira kusonyeza chisoni, kukhumudwa, ndi zina zomveka zoimba nyimbo. Phokoso lolowa mkati limafanana ndi liwu la munthu lochokera pansi pa moyo.

Mtunduwu ndi ma octave 5 athunthu (kuyambira "mpaka" octave yayikulu, kutha ndi "mi" ya octave yachitatu). Zingwezo zimasinthidwa kukhala octave pansi pa viola.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, kulemera kwa chidacho ndi kochepa - 3-4 kg yokha.

Kodi cello imamveka bwanji?

Cello imamveka momveka bwino, mozama, nyimbo zake zimafanana ndi zolankhula za munthu, kukambirana kochokera pansi pamtima. Palibe chida chimodzi chomwe chingathe molondola kwambiri, kutulutsa mwamoyo pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamalingaliro omwe alipo.

Cello alibe wofanana mu nthawi imene mukufuna kufotokoza tsoka la mphindi. Akuwoneka kuti akulira, akulira.

Phokoso lotsika la chidacho ndi lofanana ndi bass lachimuna, lapamwamba limafanana ndi liwu lachikazi la alto.

Dongosolo la cello limaphatikizapo kulemba zolemba mu bass, treble, tenor clefs.

Mapangidwe a cello

Kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana ndi zingwe zina (gitala, violin, viola). Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi:

• Mutu. Kupanga: bokosi lachitsulo, zikhomo, zopindika. Amalumikizana ndi khosi.
• Mvula. Apa, zingwe zili mu grooves yapadera. Chiwerengero cha zingwe ndi muyezo - 4 zidutswa.
• Chimango. Zopangira - matabwa, varnished. Zigawo: pamwamba, pansi, zipolopolo (mbali mbali), efs (mabowo a resonator mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 2 zomwe zimakongoletsa kutsogolo kwa thupi zimatchedwa choncho chifukwa zimafanana ndi chilembo "f" mu mawonekedwe).
• Spire. Ili pansi, imathandiza kuti dongosololi likhale pansi, limapereka bata.
• Kugwada. Udindo wopanga mawu. Zimachitika mosiyanasiyana (kuyambira 1/8 mpaka 4/4).

Mbiri ya chida

Mbiri yovomerezeka ya cello imayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Anachotsa m'malo mwake, viola da gamba, m'gulu la oimba, chifukwa amamveka bwino kwambiri. Panali zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zinali zosiyana kukula, mawonekedwe, luso loimba.

Zaka za XVI - XVII - nthawi yomwe akatswiri a ku Italy adakonza mapangidwewo, kufunafuna kuwulula zonse zomwe zingatheke. Chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kophatikizana, chitsanzo chokhala ndi kukula kwa thupi, chiwerengero chimodzi cha zingwe, chinawona kuwala. Mayina a amisiri omwe anali ndi dzanja popanga chidachi amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi - A. Stradivari, N. Amati, C. Bergonzi. Chochititsa chidwi - ma cello okwera mtengo kwambiri masiku ano ndi manja a Stradivari.

The classical cello mwamsanga anapeza kutchuka. Zolemba za solo zinalembedwera iye, ndiye inali nthawi yonyada m'gulu la oimba.

Zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi sitepe ina yofikira kuzindikirika konsekonse. Cello imakhala imodzi mwa zida zotsogola, ana a sukulu za nyimbo amaphunzitsidwa kusewera, popanda kuchita ntchito zachikale sikungaganizidwe. Gulu loimba limaphatikizapo oimba nyimbo 8 ochepera.

Repertoire ya chidacho ndi yosiyana kwambiri: mapulogalamu a konsati, solo, sonatas, kutsagana.

Mtundu wa kukula

Woimba akhoza kuimba popanda vuto ngati kukula kwa chida chasankhidwa bwino. Kukula kumaphatikizapo zosankha izi:

• 1/4
• 1/2
• 3/4
• 4/4

Njira yotsiriza ndiyo yofala kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe akatswiri ochita masewera amagwiritsa ntchito. 4/4 ndi yoyenera kwa munthu wamkulu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, kutalika kwapakati.

Zotsalira zotsalira ndizovomerezeka kwa oimba ochepa, ana a sukulu za nyimbo za ana. Ochita omwe ali ndi kukula pamwamba pa avareji amakakamizika kuyitanitsa kupanga chida cha miyeso yoyenera (yopanda muyezo).

Njira yamasewera

Ma cell a Virtuoso amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

• harmonic (kutulutsa phokoso lapamwamba mwa kukanikiza chingwe ndi chala chaching'ono);
• pizzicato (kutulutsa phokoso popanda thandizo la uta, podula chingwe ndi zala);
• trill (kumenya cholemba chachikulu);
• legato (kumveka kosalala, kogwirizana kwa zolemba zingapo);
• kubetcha kwa chala chachikulu (kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusewera pamapamwamba).

Masewero akuwonetsa zotsatirazi: woimbayo amakhala, ndikuyika dongosolo pakati pa miyendo, akupendeketsa thupi pang'ono ku thupi. Thupi limakhala pa capstan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti woimbayo agwire chidacho moyenera.

Ma cell amapaka uta wawo ndi mtundu wapadera wa rosin asanasewere. Zochita zoterezi zimathandizira kumamatira kwa tsitsi la uta ndi zingwe. Pamapeto pa kuimba nyimbo, rosin amachotsedwa mosamala kuti asawononge msanga chidacho.