Boris Asafyev |

Boris Asafyev

People's Artist wa USSR (1946). Academician (1943). Mu 1908 anamaliza maphunziro a Faculty of History ndi Philology ya St. Petersburg University, mu 1910 - St. Petersburg Conservatory, kalasi ya zikuchokera AK Lyadov. Kuyankhulana ndi VV Stasov, AM Gorky, IE Repin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov, FI Chaliapin anali ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pa mapangidwe ake a dziko. Kuyambira 1910, iye ankagwira ntchito pa Mariinsky Theatre, amene anali chiyambi cha ubwenzi wake wapamtima kulenga ndi Russian zisudzo nyimbo. Mu 1910-11 Asafiev analemba nyimbo zovina zoyamba - "Mphatso ya Fairy" ndi "White Lily". Amawonekera nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuyambira 1914 iye anasindikizidwa mu magazini "Music".

Zochita za Asafiev za sayansi-zolemba ndi nyimbo zapagulu zidapeza mwayi wapadera pambuyo pa Great October Socialist Revolution. Anagwira ntchito m'magulu angapo osindikizira (Moyo wa Art, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, etc.), poyankha mafunso osiyanasiyana kuchokera muzojambula. moyo, adatenga nawo gawo pa ntchito ya muses. t-ditch, konsati ndi chilolezo cha chikhalidwe. mabungwe ku Petrograd. Kuyambira 1919, Asafiev anali kugwirizana ndi Bolshoi Drama. t-rum, adalemba nyimbo pazochita zake zingapo. Mu 1919-30 anagwira ntchito ku Institute of the History of Art (kuyambira 1920 anali mtsogoleri wa gulu la mbiri ya nyimbo). Kuyambira 1925 Pulofesa Leningrad. kosungirako zinthu. 1920s - imodzi mwa nthawi zopindulitsa kwambiri za sayansi. ntchito Asafiev. Pa nthawiyi, ambiri analengedwa. zake zofunika kwambiri. ntchito - "Symphonic Etudes", "Letters on Russian Opera and Ballet", "Russian Music from the Beginning of the 19th Century", "Musical Form as a Process" (gawo 1), mizunguliro ya monographs ndi maphunziro owunikira, operekedwa kwa. ntchito ya MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Glazunov, IF Stravinsky ndi ena ambiri. nkhani zovuta zamasiku ano. Olemba Soviet ndi akunja, pa nkhani za aesthetics, nyimbo. maphunziro ndi kuunikira. Mu 30s. Asafiev adapereka Ch. chidwi cha nyimbo. zilandiridwenso, makamaka intensively ntchito m'munda wa ballet. Mu 1941-43, mu Leningrad anazingidwa, Asafiev analemba mkombero waukulu wa ntchito - "Maganizo ndi Maganizo" (lofalitsidwa mbali). Mu 1943 Asafiev anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo anatsogolera Research Office ku Moscow. Conservatory, adatsogoleranso gawo la Music ku Institute of the History of Art ku USSR Academy of Sciences. Mu 1948, pa First All-Union Congress of Composers, adasankhidwa kale. CK USSR. Stalin Prize mu 1943 kwa zaka zambiri zakuchita bwino kwambiri pazaluso komanso mu 1948 m'buku la Glinka.

Asafiev anathandiza kwambiri nthambi zambiri za chiphunzitso ndi mbiri ya nyimbo. Ndi nyimbo zabwino. ndi general arts. erudition, chidziwitso chakuya cha umunthu, iye nthawizonse ankaganizira muses. zochitika pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe, mu mgwirizano ndi kugwirizana ndi mbali zonse za moyo wauzimu. Talente yowala ya zolemba za Asafiev idamuthandiza kukonzanso malingaliro a muses. prod. m’mawonekedwe amoyo ndi ophiphiritsa; Mu ntchito za Asafiev, chinthu chofufuzira nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonera kwamoyo kwa memoirist. Mmodzi mwa chap. Zokonda za sayansi Asafiev zinali Russian. nyimbo zapamwamba, kusanthula to-ruyu Asafiev adawulula mtundu wake, umunthu, kunena zoona, njira zapamwamba zamakhalidwe abwino. Mu ntchito zoperekedwa ku nyimbo zamakono ndi nyimbo. heritage, Asafiev anachita osati wofufuza, komanso monga publicist. Khalidwe m'lingaliro limeneli ndi mutu wa imodzi mwa ntchito za Asafiev - "Kupyola m'mbuyomu mpaka m'tsogolo." Asafiev analankhula mwamphamvu ndi mwakhama kuteteza latsopano mu zilandiridwenso ndi nyimbo. moyo. M'zaka zisanayambe kusintha, Asafiev anali (pamodzi ndi VG Karatygin ndi N. Ya. Myaskovsky) mmodzi mwa otsutsa oyambirira ndi ofalitsa a ntchito ya SS Prokofiev. Mu 20s. Asafiev anapereka zolemba zingapo ku ntchito za A. Berg, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck ndi ena. olemba akunja. Mu Bukhu la Stravinsky, zina mwamalembedwe zimawululidwa mochenjera. njira khalidwe la nyimbo za m'ma 20. M'nkhani za Asafiev "Vuto la Kupanga Kwaumwini" ndi "Opanga, Fulumira!" (1924) panali kuyitana kwa oimba kuti agwirizane ndi moyo, kuti afikire omvera. Mn. Asafiev anatchera khutu ku nkhani za nyimbo zambiri. moyo, nr. luso. Kwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za kadzidzi. otsutsa nyimbo ali ndi zolemba zake za N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, V. Ya. Shebalin.

Philosophical ndi zokongoletsa. ndi malingaliro ongoyerekeza a Asafiev adakumana ndi chizindikiro. chisinthiko. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, adadziwika ndi malingaliro abwino. machitidwe. Kuyesetsa kumvetsetsa bwino nyimbo, kuti mugonjetse zikhulupiriro. maphunziro a nyimbo. mawonekedwe, poyamba adadalira filosofi ya A. Bergson, kubwereka, makamaka, lingaliro lake la "moyo wofuna moyo". Pa mapangidwe a nyimbo-theoretical. Lingaliro la Asafiev linakhudza kwambiri mphamvu. Lingaliro la E. Kurt. Kuphunzira kwa ntchito zakale za Marxism-Leninism (kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 2s) kuvomereza Asafiev pa kukonda chuma. maudindo. Chotsatira cha kufufuza kwa Asafiev kunali kulengedwa kwa chiphunzitso cha mawu, chomwe iye mwiniyo ankachiwona ngati chongopeka chomwe chimathandiza kupeza "chinsinsi cha zifukwa zenizeni za luso la nyimbo monga chiwonetsero chenicheni cha zenizeni." Potanthawuza nyimbo ngati "luso la tanthawuzo", Asafiev adawona kuti kuyimba ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. mawonekedwe a "mawonetseredwe a malingaliro" mu nyimbo. Lingaliro la symphonism ngati njira yaukadaulo, yoperekedwa ndi Asafiev, idapeza tanthauzo lofunikira. generalizations mu nyimbo kutengera zamphamvu. kuzindikira zenizeni mu chitukuko chake, kulimbana ndi kulimbana kwa mfundo zotsutsana. Asafiev anali wolowa m'malo ndi wolowa m'malo mwa oimira kwambiri Russian. malingaliro akale okhudza nyimbo - VF Odoevsky, AN Serov, VV Stasov. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yake ikuwonetsa gawo latsopano pakukula kwa muses. sayansi. A. - woyambitsa kadzidzi. musicology. Malingaliro ake amakula bwino mu ntchito za Soviets, komanso ena ambiri. akatswiri oimba akunja.

Ntchito yolemba ya Asafiev imaphatikizapo ma ballet 28, ma opera 11, ma symphonies 4, nyimbo zambiri zachikondi ndi zida zam'chipinda. kupanga, nyimbo ku zisudzo zambiri zochititsa chidwi. Anamaliza ndi kuyimba opera Khovanshchina ndi MP Mussorgsky molingana ndi zolemba pamanja za wolemba, ndipo anapanga kope latsopano. Serov opera "Enemy Force"

Chopereka chamtengo wapatali chinapangidwa ndi Asafiev pakukula kwa ballet. Ndi ntchito yake, adakulitsa mwambo. kuzungulira kwa zithunzi zamtunduwu. Adalemba ma ballet potengera ziwembu za AS Pushkin - The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (1934, Leningrad Opera ndi Ballet Theatre), The Prisoner of the Caucasus (1938, Leningrad, Maly Opera Theatre), The Young Lady-Peasant Woman (1946, Big tr.), etc.; NV Gogol - The Night Before Christmas (1938, Leningrad Opera ndi Ballet Theatre); M. Yu. Lermontov - "Ashik-Kerib" (1940, Leningrad. Small Opera House); M. Gorky - "Radda ndi Loiko" (1938, Moscow, paki yapakati ya chikhalidwe ndi zosangalatsa); O. Balzac - "Illusions Lost" (1935, Leningrad Opera ndi Ballet Theatre); Dante - "Francesca da Rimini" (1947, Moscow Musical Tr yotchedwa KS Stanislavsky ndi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Mu ntchito ya ballet ya Asafiev, ngwazi ya Civil War - "Partisan Days" (1937, Leningrad Opera ndi Ballet Theatre) idawonetsedwa ndikumasulidwa. kulimbana kwa anthu motsutsana ndi fascism - "Militsa" (1947, ibid.). M'ma ballet angapo, Asafiev adafuna kukonzanso "mlengalenga" wanthawiyo. Mu ballet The Flames of Paris (1932, ibid.), Asafiev anagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo za nthawi ya Revolution ya France ndi ntchito za olemba a nthawi imeneyo ndipo "anagwira ntchito imeneyi osati monga wolemba masewero, wolemba nyimbo, komanso ngati katswiri wa nyimbo. , wolemba mbiri ndi theorist, komanso monga wolemba, popanda kuthawa njira za buku lamakono la mbiri yakale. Njira yofananayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Asafiev popanga opera The Treasurer potengera chiwembu cha M. Yu. Lermontov (1937, Leningrad Pakhomov Sailors Club) ndi ena. mu repertoire ya Soviet muses. t-pansi

Zolemba: No. ntchito, voli. IV, M., 1952-1957 (mu vol. V kupatsidwa mwatsatanetsatane bibliography ndi notography); Fav. nkhani zonena za kuunika kwanyimbo ndi maphunziro, M.-L., 1965; Zolemba zovuta ndi ndemanga, M.-L., 1967; Oresteia. Nyimbo. trilogy S. NDI. Taneeva, M., 1916; Zachikondi S. NDI. Taneeva, M., 1916; Concert Guide, vol. I. Mtanthauzira mawu wofunikira kwambiri wanyimbo ndi luso. mayina, P., 1919; Zakale za Nyimbo zaku Russia. Materials and Research, vol. 1. AP NDI. Tchaikovsky, P., 1920 (ed.); ndakatulo za ku Russia mu nyimbo za ku Russia, P., 1921; Chaikovsky. Zochitika za khalidwe, P., 1921; Scriabin. Zochitika za khalidwe, P., 1921; Dante and Music, mu: Dante Alighieri. 1321-1921, P., 1921; Maphunziro a Symphonic, P., 1922, 1970; P. NDI. Chaikovsky. Moyo ndi ntchito yake, P., 1922; Makalata pa Russian Opera ndi Ballet, Petrograd Weekly. state acad. zisudzo”, 1922, No 3-7, 9, 10, 12, 13; Chopin. Zokumana nazo pamakhalidwe, M., 1923; Mussorgsky. Zokumana nazo pamakhalidwe, M., 1923; Overture "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" lolemba Glinka, "Musical Chronicle", Sat. 2, P., 1923; Chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndi mbiri yakale, monga maziko a chidziwitso cha nyimbo-mbiri, mu Sat: Ntchito ndi njira zophunzirira luso, P., 1924; Glazunov. Zochitika pakhalidwe, L., 1924; Myaskovsky monga symphonist, Modern Music, M., 1924, No 3; Chaikovsky. Memoirs and letters, P., 1924 (ed.); Contemporary Russian Musicology ndi Ntchito Zake Zakale, De Musisa, vol. 1, L., 1925; Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, Musical Chronicle, No 3, L., 1926; Mafunso a nyimbo kusukulu. Loweruka. zolemba ed. NDI. Glebova, L., 1926; Symphonism ngati vuto la musicology yamakono, m'buku: P. Becker, Symphony kuchokera ku Beethoven kupita ku Mahler, trans. ed. NDI. Glebova, L., 1926; Nyimbo za ku France ndi oimira ake amakono, pamodzi: "Six" (Milo. Onegger. Arik. Poulenc. Durey. Taifer), L., 1926; Kshenec ndi Berg monga olemba opera, "Modern Music", 1926, No. 17-18; A. Casella, L., 1927; KUCHOKERA. Prokofiev, L., 1927; Pa ntchito zaposachedwa za Sociology of Music, m'buku: Moser G. I., Music of the medieval city, trans. ndi German, pansi pa dongosolo. NDI. Glebova, L., 1927; Russian symphonic nyimbo kwa zaka 10, "Music ndi Revolution", 1927, No 11; Nyimbo zapakhomo pambuyo pa Okutobala, mu Sat: Nyimbo zatsopano, ayi. 1 (V), L., 1927; Pa kuphunzira Russian nyimbo za m'ma XVIII. ndi ma opera awiri a Bortnyansky, m'gulu: Nyimbo ndi moyo wanyimbo wa Russia wakale, L., 1927; Memo za Kozlovsky, ibid.; Kubwezeretsa kwa "Boris Godunov" ndi Mussorgsky, L., 1928; Buku lonena za Stravinsky, L., 1929; KOMA. G. Rubinstein mu ntchito yake yoimba ndi ndemanga za anthu a m'nthawi yake, M., 1929; Zachikondi zaku Russia. Zochitika pakuwunika kwa mawu. Loweruka. zolemba ed. B. AT. Asafiev, M.-L., 1930; Chiyambi cha Phunziro la Mussorgsky's Dramaturgy, mu: Mussorgsky, gawo XNUMX. 1. "Boris Godunov". Nkhani ndi zipangizo, M., 1930; Mawonekedwe oimba ngati njira, M., 1930, L., 1963; KWA. Nef. Mbiri ya Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. nyimbo, zosinthidwa ndi zowonjezera trans. ndi franc. B. AT. Asafiev, L., 1930; M., 1938; Nyimbo za ku Russia kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19, M.-L., 1930, 1968; Mawonedwe anyimbo ndi zokongola za Mussorgsky, mu: M. AP Mussorgsky. Mpaka chaka cha 50 cha imfa yake. 1881-1931, Moscow, 1932. Pa ntchito ya Shostakovich ndi opera yake "Lady Macbeth", mu mndandanda: "Lady Macbeth wa Mtsensk District", L., 1934; Njira yanga, "SM", 1934, No8; Pokumbukira P. NDI. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1940; Kupyolera m'mbuyomu mpaka m'tsogolo, mndandanda wa nkhani, m'magulu: "SM", No 1, M., 1943; Eugene Onegin. Zithunzi za mawu a P. NDI. Tchaikovsky. Kukumana ndi kusanthula kwa mawu amitundu ndi nyimbo. dramaturgy, M.-L., 1944; N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.-L., 1944; Simphony yachisanu ndi chitatu D. Shostakovich, mu sb.: Moscow Philharmonic, Moscow, 1945; Wolemba 1st pol. Zaka za zana la XNUMX, ayi. 1, M., 1945 (mu mndandanda wa "Russian classical nyimbo"); KUCHOKERA. AT. Rachmaninov, M., 1945; Mtundu wanyimbo ngati njira, buku. 2, Intonation, M., 1947, L., 1963 (pamodzi ndi gawo loyamba); Glinka, M., 1; Enchantress. Opera P. NDI. Tchaikovsky, M., 1947; Njira za chitukuko cha nyimbo za Soviet, mu: Essays on Soviet musical creativity, M.-L., 1947; Opera, ayi.; Symphony, ibid.; Grieg, M., 1948; Kuchokera pamakambirano anga ndi Glazunov, Yearbook of the Institute of Art History, Moscow, 1948; Mphekesera za Glinka, m'gulu: M.

Zothandizira: Lunacharsky A., Chimodzi mwazosintha mu mbiri yakale, "Bulletin of the Communist Academy", 1926, buku. XV; Bogdanov-Berezovsky V., BV Asafiev. Leningrad, 1937; Zhitomirsky D., Igor Glebov monga wofalitsa, "SM", 1940, No 12; Shostakovich D., Boris Asafiev, "Literature ndi Art", 1943, September 18; Ossovsky A., BV Asafiev, "Soviet music", Sat. 4, M., 1945; Khubov G., Woyimba, woganiza, wofalitsa, ibid.; Bernandt G., Pokumbukira Asafiev, "SM", 1949, No2; Livanova T., BV Asafiev ndi Russian Glinkiana, m'gulu: MI Glinka, M.-L., 1950; Pokumbukira BV Asafiev, Sat. nkhani, M., 1951; Mazel L., Pa lingaliro la nyimbo za Asafiev, "SM", 1957, No 3; Kornienko V., Kupanga ndi kusinthika kwa malingaliro okongola a BV Asafiev, "Scientific-Methodical. Zolemba za Novosibirsk Conservatory, 1958; Orlova E., BV Asafiev. Way of the researcher and publicist, L., 1964; Iranek A., Mavuto ena akulu a Marxist musicology molingana ndi chiphunzitso cha Asafiev cha mawu, mu Sat: Intonation and musical image, M., 1965; Fydorov V., VV Asafev et la musicologie russe avant et apris 1917, mu: Bericht über den siebenten Internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Keln 1958, Kassel, 1959; Jiranek Y., Peispevek k teorii a praxi intonaeni analyzy, Praha, 1965.

Yu.V. Keldysh