Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin |

Boris Khaikin

People's Artist wa USSR (1972). Khaikin ndi mmodzi mwa okonda kwambiri Soviet opera. Kwa zaka zambiri za ntchito yake yolenga, adagwira ntchito m'malo owonetsera nyimbo zabwino kwambiri m'dzikoli.

Atangomaliza maphunziro a Moscow Conservatory (1928), kumene anaphunzira akuchititsa ndi K. Saradzhev, ndi limba ndi A. Gedike, Khaikin analowa Stanislavsky Opera Theatre. Pa nthawiyi n’kuti atayamba kale ntchito yoimba, atamaliza maphunziro ake mothandizidwa ndi N. Golovanov (kalasi ya opera) ndi V. Suk (kalasi ya oimba).

Kale mu unyamata wake moyo anakankhira wochititsa kutsutsa mbuye kwambiri monga KS Stanislavsky. Muzinthu zambiri, mfundo za kulenga za Khaikin zinakhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu yake. Pamodzi ndi Stanislavsky, iye anakonza zoyamba za The Barber wa Seville ndi Carmen.

Luso la Khaikin linadziwonetsera yekha ndi mphamvu yaikulu pamene adasamukira ku Leningrad mu 1936, m'malo mwa S. Samosud monga wotsogolera luso komanso wotsogolera wamkulu wa Maly Opera Theatre. Apa anali ndi mwayi wosunga ndi kukulitsa miyambo ya omwe adakhalapo kale. Ndipo analimbana ndi ntchitoyi, kuphatikiza ntchito ya nyimbo zakale ndi kukwezedwa mwachangu kwa nyimbo za oimba Soviet ("Virgin Soil Upturned" ndi I. Dzerzhinsky, "Cola Breugnon" ndi D. Kabalevsky, "Amayi" ndi V. Zhelobinsky, " Mutiny” ndi L. Khodja-Einatov ).

Kuyambira 1943, Khaikin wakhala wochititsa ndi luso mkulu wa Opera ndi Ballet Theatre dzina la SM Kirov. Apa kutchulidwa kwapadera kuyenera kuchitidwa za kulenga kwa otsogolera ndi S. Prokofiev. Mu 1946, adachita Duenna (Betrothal in a Monastery), ndipo pambuyo pake adagwira ntchito pa opera ya The Tale of a Real Man (sewerolo silinachitike; kuyesa kotsekedwa komwe kunachitika pa Disembala 3, 1948). Pazolemba zatsopano za olemba Soviet, Khaikin adachita nawo zisudzo "Banja la Taras" ndi D. Kabalevsky, "Prince-Lake" ndi I. Dzerzhinsky. Zisudzo za Russian classical repertoire - The Maid of Orleans lolemba Tchaikovsky, Boris Godunov ndi Khovanshchina lolemba Mussorgsky - zidakhala zigonjetso zazikulu za zisudzo. Kuphatikiza apo, Khaikin adachitanso ngati wokonda kuvina (Kugona Kukongola, Nutcracker).

Gawo lotsatira la ntchito za kulenga za Khaikin likugwirizana ndi Bolshoi Theatre ya USSR, yomwe wakhala wotsogolera kuyambira 1954. Ndipo ku Moscow, adamvetsera kwambiri nyimbo za Soviet (zoimba "Amayi" za T. Khrennikov, " Jalil" ndi N. Zhiganov, ballet "Forest Song" ndi G. Zhukovsky). Zisudzo ambiri a repertoire panopa anachitidwa motsogozedwa ndi Khaikin.

"Chifanizo chopanga cha BE Khaikin," akulemba Leo Ginzburg, "ndi chachilendo kwambiri. Monga kondakitala wa opera, ndi katswiri yemwe amatha kuphatikiza masewero a nyimbo ndi zisudzo. Kutha kugwira ntchito ndi oimba, kwaya ndi oimba, kuti mosalekeza komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwe ankafuna, nthawi zonse zimamupangitsa kuti azimvera chisoni ma ensembles. Kukoma kwabwino, chikhalidwe chabwino, kuyimba kosangalatsa komanso kalembedwe kake zidapangitsa kuti machitidwe ake azikhala ofunika komanso ochititsa chidwi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ponena za kutanthauzira kwake kwa ntchito za Russian ndi Western classics.

Khaikin anayenera kugwira ntchito ku zisudzo zakunja. Adachita Khovanshchina ku Florence (1963), The Queen of Spades ku Leipzig (1964), ndipo adatsogolera Eugene Onegin ku Czechoslovakia ndi Faust ku Romania. Khaykin nayenso anachita kunja monga wochititsa symphony (kunyumba zisudzo ake konsati zambiri unachitika mu Moscow ndi Leningrad). Makamaka, iye anatenga gawo pa ulendo wa Leningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra mu Italy (1966).

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma thirties, ntchito yophunzitsa ya Professor Khaikin inayamba. Pakati pa ophunzira ake ndi ojambula otchuka monga K. Kondrashin, E. Tons ndi ena ambiri.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969