Charles Munthu |

Charles Munch

Pokhapokha atakula, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi makumi anayi, Charles Munsch adakhala kondakitala. Koma mfundo yakuti zaka zochepa chabe zimalekanitsa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wa wojambula ndi kutchuka kwake si mwangozi. Moyo wake wonse wam'mbuyo kuyambira pachiyambi unali wodzaza ndi nyimbo ndipo unakhala, titero, maziko a ntchito ya kondakitala.

Munsch anabadwira ku Strasbourg, mwana wa woimba tchalitchi. Abale ake onse anayi ndi alongo ake awiri, monga iye, analinso oyimba. N’zoona kuti panthaŵi ina Charles anabadwa kuti aphunzire udokotala, koma posakhalitsa anaganiza zokhala woimba violin. Kalelo mu 1912, anapereka konsati yake yoyamba ku Strasbourg, ndipo atamaliza maphunziro a masewera olimbitsa thupi, anapita ku Paris kukaphunzira ndi Lucien Capet wotchuka. Panthawi ya nkhondo, Munsch adagwira ntchito ya usilikali ndipo adachotsedwa luso kwa nthawi yaitali. Atachotsedwa ntchito, mu 1920 anayamba kugwira ntchito yothandizana ndi gulu la oimba la Strasbourg ndi kuphunzitsa m’nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Pambuyo pake, wojambulayo adagwiranso ntchito yofanana ndi oimba a Prague ndi Leipzig. Kumeneko ankasewera ndi okonda kondakitala monga V. Furtwangler, B. Walter, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba anaima pa sitendi ya kondakitala.

Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi atatu, Munsch adasamukira ku France ndipo posakhalitsa adawonekera ngati wotsogolera waluso. Anaimba ndi Paris Symphony Orchestra, adayendetsa Lamoureux Concertos, ndipo adayendera dziko ndi kunja. Mu 1937-1945, Munsch adachita zoimbaimba ndi gulu la oimba la Paris Conservatory, akukhalabe paudindo uwu panthawi ya ntchito. M’zaka zovuta, iye anakana kugwirizana ndi oukirawo ndipo anathandiza gulu lotsutsa.

Nkhondo itangotha, Munsch kawiri - poyamba ali yekha ndiyeno ndi gulu loimba nyimbo za wailesi ya ku France - adaimba ku United States. Pa nthawi yomweyi, adaitanidwa kuti atenge udindo wa Sergei Koussevitzky wopuma ngati mtsogoleri wa Boston Orchestra. Choncho Munsch “mosazindikira” anali mtsogoleri wa gulu limodzi loimba bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

M'zaka zake ndi Boston Orchestra (1949-1962), Munsch adakhala woyimba wochulukirachulukira, wodziwika bwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa repertoire chikhalidwe, iye analemeretsa mapulogalamu a gulu lake ndi ntchito zingapo za nyimbo zamakono, anachita ntchito zambiri zazikulu kwaya Bach, Berlioz, Schubert, Honegger, Debussy. Kawiri Munsch ndi gulu lake la oimba anapanga maulendo akuluakulu ku Ulaya. Pa wachiwiri wa iwo, gulu anapereka zoimbaimba angapo mu USSR, kumene Munsch anachita kachiwiri ndi oimba Soviet. Otsutsa anayamikira luso lake. E. Ratser analemba m’magazini ya Soviet Music kuti: “Chikoka chachikulu koposa m’makonsati a Munsch chatsalira, mwinamwake, kuchokera ku chisonkhezero cha umunthu weniweniwo wa wojambulayo. Maonekedwe ake onse amapuma chidaliro chodekha komanso nthawi yomweyo kukoma mtima kwa abambo. Pa siteji, amalenga chikhalidwe cha kumasulidwa kulenga. Kusonyeza kulimba kwa kufuna kwake, kukakamiza, iye samaumiriza zikhumbo zake. Mphamvu zake zili mu ntchito yodzipereka kwa luso lake lokondedwa: poyendetsa, Munsch amadzipereka yekha ku nyimbo. Oimba, omvera, amakopa makamaka chifukwa iye mwiniyo ndi wokonda kwambiri. Wachangu, wachimwemwe. Mwa iye, monga Arthur Rubinstein (ali pafupi zaka zofanana), kutentha kwaunyamata kwa moyo kumakhudza. Kutengeka kwenikweni, luntha lozama, nzeru zazikulu za moyo ndi kudzipereka kwaunyamata, zomwe zimawonekera pamaso pathu pa ntchito iliyonse mumitundu yatsopano komanso yatsopano. Ndipo, kwenikweni, nthawi zonse zikuwoneka kuti woyendetsa ali ndi khalidwe lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri pogwira ntchito imeneyi. Zonsezi zikuwonekera bwino mu kutanthauzira kwa Munsch kwa nyimbo zachifalansa, zomwe zinali mbali yamphamvu kwambiri pakupanga kwake. Ntchito za Rameau, Berlioz, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel ndi olemba ena a nthawi zosiyanasiyana adapeza mwa iye womasulira wochenjera komanso wouziridwa, wokhoza kufotokozera kwa omvera kukongola ndi kudzoza kwa nyimbo za anthu ake. Wojambulayo sankachita bwino kwambiri m'mayimbidwe apafupi a classical symphonies.

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, Charles Munch, akuchoka ku Boston, anabwerera ku Ulaya. Pokhala ku France, adapitilizabe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuphunzitsa, ndipo adadziwika kwambiri. Wojambulayo ali ndi buku la autobiographical "Ine ndine wochititsa", lofalitsidwa mu 1960 mu kumasulira kwa Chirasha.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek