Oimba a zida zamtundu wa anthu |

Oimba a zida zamtundu wa anthu - Ma Ensembles okhala ndi nat. zida zoimbira m'mawonekedwe awo oyamba kapena omangidwanso. Iye. ndi. iwo ali homogeneous mu kapangidwe (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera domra yemweyo, bandura, mandolin, etc.) ndi osakanikirana (mwachitsanzo, domra-balalaika orchestra). Mfundo ya bungwe O. n. ndi. zimatengera mawonekedwe a nyimbo. chikhalidwe cha anthu awa. M'magulu oimba a anthu omwe sadziwa polyphony, ntchitoyo ndi heterophonic: liwu lililonse limasewera nyimbo yofanana, ndipo ophunzira amatha kusintha. Magulu amtundu wa bourdon amaimba nyimbo ndi kutsagana (molondola, kumbuyo): zolemba zokhazikika, ziwerengero za ostinato; kuphatikiza koteroko kungathenso kukhala ndi rhythmic. Orchestras anthu, amene nyimbo zachokera harmonica. Kwenikweni, amaimba nyimbo ndi kutsagana. Magulu ang'onoang'ono anali ofala pakati pa ambiri. anthu kuyambira kalekale, kukhala onyamula nar. instr. chikhalidwe. Iwo adatenga malo akulu m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku (amasewera patchuthi, maukwati, etc.). Mu instr. ma ensembles a magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha anthu, nyimbo zomwe sizinakhale zodziimira. luso, lolumikizidwa ndi mawu, kuyimba, kuvina, kuchitapo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, Amwenye a ku Brazil akuvina kokasaka kulira kwa mipope yamatabwa, mapaipi ndi ng'oma zimasonyeza nguluwe ndi alenje (zochita zoterezi zimadziwika pakati pa anthu ambiri). Mu nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi Afirika (Guinea), anthu a ku India, Vietnam, ndi ena, nyimbo ndi mbiri (nthawi zambiri za rhythm) zimasiyanitsidwa. Mitundu yeniyeni ya polyphony ndi mawonekedwe a gulu la chitoliro cha Pan (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. masewera.

Anthu ambiri apanga miyambo. nyimbo instr. ensembles: ku Russia - nyimbo. ensembles ya osewera nyanga, kuvikla (kuvichki) ochita; ku Ukraine - nyimbo zautatu (violin, bass (bass), zinganga kapena maseche; nthawi zina violin ndi bass; magulu a nyimbo zautatu anali otchuka mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19), ku Belarus - magulu a violin, zinganga, maseche kapena maseche. violin, zinganga , chisoni kapena dudy; ku Moldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, zinganga, ng'oma); ku Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); ku Transcaucasia ndi North. Caucasus 3 instr. ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, komwe magawo nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, komanso nyimbo zina); ku Lithuania - magulu a skuduchiai ndi ragas, ku Latvia - stabule ndi suomi dudy, ku Estonia - matchalitchi akumidzi (mwachitsanzo, cannele, violin, harmonica).

Ku Russia, zida zamtundu wa ensemble zidadziwika kuyambira zaka za zana la 12. (kuseweredwa pa mapwando, maholide, pamwambo wa maliro; limodzi ndi kuimba, kuvina). Zolemba zawo zimasakanizidwa (zowombera, maseche, zeze; lipenga, zeze) kapena zofananira (makwaya a gooselytsik, azeze, ndi zina). Mu 1870, NV Kondratiev adakonza kwaya ya oimba nyanga za Vladimir; mu 1886, NI Beloborodov anakonza gulu la oimba chromatic. Harmonica, mu 1887 VV Andreev - "The Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (gulu la oimba 8), mu 1896 anasandulika kukhala Great Russian Orchestra. Maguluwa adachita m'mizinda ya Russia ndi kunja. Potengera chitsanzo cha oimba Andreev, ankachita masewera O. N. ndi. Mu 1902, G. Khotkevich, akuwonjezera oimba nyimbo za bandura ndi lyre ku gulu, adapanga Chiyukireniya woyamba. Iye. ndi. Ku Lithuania mu 1906 gulu la ethnographic la ma cancles akale. Mu katundu. folklore, kumene woks amatenga gawo lalikulu. mitundu, instr. ensembles Premier. limodzi ndi kuvina ndi kuyimba. Mu 1888 katundu woyamba anakonzedwa. nat. okhestra. Mu Armenia, wowerengeka ensembles Zida analipo kuyambira BC. e. Mu con. Zaka za zana la 19 gulu la ashug Jivani linatchuka.

Mu kadzidzi nthawi zambiri chitukuko cha O. wa n analengedwa. ndi. M'mayiko ogwirizana ndi odziyimira pawokha, ntchito yayikulu idachitidwa kukonza ndi kumanganso mabanki. zida zoimbira zomwe zidathandizira kukulitsa mawu awo. ndi tech. mwayi (onani Kukonzanso kwa zida zoimbira). Imodzi mwa oimba oimba oyambirira omwe amapangidwa ndi mabanki abwino. zida, zinali zotchedwa. Eastern Symphony. Oimba oimba ndi VG Buni mu 1925-26 ku Armenia.

Kuyambira m'ma 1940 mu Ensembles zachikhalidwe zimayambitsidwa kuti zigwirizane. zida. Choncho, mu ensemble Russian. kuvikl nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo snot, zhaleyka ndi violin, duet ya Caucasian ya zurn ndi dudukov imatsagana ndi "kum'mawa" harmonica, ndi zina zotero. Harmonica, makamaka mitundu yake monga batani accordion, accordion, imaphatikizidwa kwambiri. nat. pamodzi. Kupangidwa kwa Russian He. ndi., Kuwonjezera pa batani la accordion, nthawi zina amaphatikizapo zhaleyki, nyanga, spoons, ndipo nthawi zina chitoliro, oboe, clarinet, ndi mizimu ina. zida (mwachitsanzo, mu gulu la oimba a Song and Dance Ensemble of the Soviet Army wotchedwa AV Aleksandrov). Ambiri a Prof. Iye. ndi., zidapangidwa instr. magulu pa nyimbo ndi kuvina ensembles, kwaya. ndi kuvina. m'makomiti a wailesi. Pamodzi ndi Prof. Iye. ndi., yoyendetsedwa ndi allies and rep. Philharmonic ndi kutsogolera conc lalikulu. ntchito, mu USSR, ankachita masewera anali ponseponse. okhestra ndi ensembles (ku nyumba za chikhalidwe, makalabu). Iye. ndi. kuwonekera m'maiko omwe kale kunalibe ma polyphony ndi masewera ophatikizana (mwachitsanzo, ku Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Mwa oipitsitsa. Iye. ndi: rus. nar. orchestra iwo. NP Osipova (Moscow, kuyambira 1940), Rus. nar. orchestra iwo. VV Andreeva (onani Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments), Kazakh. zida za okhestra kwa iwo. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. zoimbira za anthu oimba (1938), Nar. Oimba a BSSR (1938), orchestra mold. nar. zida (1949, kuyambira 1957 "Fluerash") ndi kuphatikiza kwa nar. nyimbo "Folklore" (1968) ku Moldova, okestra ya Rus. nar. kwaya iwo. MB Pyatnitsky, orchestra ku Song and Dance Ensemble of Owls. Ankhondo iwo. AV Aleksandrova; instr. gulu la nyimbo ndi kuvina kwa Karelian "Kantele" (1936), lit. Ensemble "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. kwaya iwo. G. Veryovki (1943). Zida za Orchestra ndi Ensembles zili ndi zolemba zambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo instr. masewero, kuvina ndi nyimbo za anthu a USSR ndi kunja. mayiko, komanso kadzidzi. olemba (kuphatikiza omwe adalembedwera O. n. ndi.), akale. nyimbo.

Kusewera makalasi pa nar. zida, ophunzitsa makadi Prof. ochita zisudzo, okonda, aphunzitsi ndi otsogolera zaluso. machitidwe amateur, amapezeka mu uch angapo apamwamba. mabungwe a dziko (mwachitsanzo, mu Leningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent ndi conservatories ena, Moscow Musical ndi Pedagogical Institute, m'masukulu chikhalidwe mizinda yambiri), komanso nyimbo. uch-shah, nyimbo za ana. masukulu, mabwalo apadera ku Palaces of Culture ndi amateurs lalikulu. magulu.

Iye. ndi. zofala mu socialist ena. mayiko. M’maiko akunja muli Prof. ndi amateur O. n. ndi., kuphatikizapo magitala, mandolins, violin, etc. zamakono. zida zanyimbo.

Zothandizira: Andreev VV, The Great Russian Orchestra ndi Kufunika Kwake kwa Anthu, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Amateur Orchestra of Folk Instruments, M., 1948; Gizatov B., Kazakh state. Orchestra of Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., State. Oimba achi Belarusian, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Okhestra ya Uzbek ya zida za anthu, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev ndi oimba ake, L., 1962; Vertkov K., zida zoimbira za anthu aku Russia, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov