Dimitri Mitropoulos (Mitropoulos, Dimitri) |

Mitropoulos, Dimitri

Mitropoulos anali wojambula woyamba kwambiri yemwe Greece yamakono adapereka kudziko lapansi. Iye anabadwira ku Atene, mwana wa wamalonda wachikopa. Makolo ake ankafuna kuti iye choyamba akhale wansembe, kenako n’kumudziwitsa kuti ndi woyendetsa ngalawa. Koma Dimitri ankakonda nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana ndipo anatha kutsimikizira aliyense kuti ndi tsogolo lake mmenemo. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi, adadziwa kale masewera apamwamba pamtima, ankaimba piyano bwino - ndipo, ngakhale kuti anali wachinyamata, adalandiridwa ku Athens Conservatory. Mitropoulos anaphunzira pano limba ndi zikuchokera, analemba nyimbo. Zina mwa nyimbo zake zinali opera "Beatrice" ku malemba a Maeterlinck, omwe akuluakulu a Conservatory anaganiza zoikapo ndi ophunzira. C. Saint-Saens adapezekapo pamwambowu. Atachita chidwi ndi talente yowala ya wolembayo, yemwe adapanga zolemba zake, adalemba nkhani yokhudza iye m'nyuzipepala ina ya ku Paris ndipo adamuthandiza kupeza mwayi wowongolera malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Brussels (ndi P. Gilson) ndi Berlin (ndi F. . Busoni).

Nditamaliza maphunziro ake, Mitropoulos anagwira ntchito monga wothandizira wochititsa pa Berlin State Opera kuyambira 1921-1925. Iye anatengeka kwambiri ndi kuchititsa kuti posakhalitsa anatsala pang'ono kusiya nyimbo ndi piyano. Mu 1924, wojambula wamng'ono anakhala mtsogoleri wa Athens Symphony Orchestra ndipo mwamsanga anayamba kutchuka. Amayendera France, Germany, England, Italy ndi mayiko ena, maulendo a USSR, kumene luso lake limayamikiridwa kwambiri. M'zaka zimenezo, wojambula Greek anachita Prokofiev wa Third Concerto ndi nzeru zapadera, imodzi kuimba limba ndi kutsogolera oimba.

Mu 1936, ataitanidwa ndi S. Koussevitzky, Mitropoulos anapita ku United States kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndipo patapita zaka zitatu, nkhondo itangotsala pang'ono kuyamba, iye potsiriza anasamukira ku America ndipo mwamsanga anakhala mmodzi wa okonda ndi otchuka kwambiri mu United States. Boston, Cleveland, Minneapolis anali magawo a moyo wake ndi ntchito yake. Kuyambira mu 1949, adatsogolera (poyamba ndi Stokowski) imodzi mwamagulu abwino kwambiri a ku America, New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Atadwala kale, adasiya ntchitoyi mu 1958, koma mpaka masiku ake otsiriza anapitiriza kuchita zisudzo ku Metropolitan Opera ndikuyenda kwambiri ku America ndi ku Ulaya.

Zaka za ntchito ku USA zidakhala nthawi yotukuka kwa Mitropoulos. Ankadziwika kuti anali womasulira bwino kwambiri wamaphunziro akale kwambiri, wokonda kufalitsa nyimbo zamakono. Mitropoulos anali woyamba kufotokoza ntchito zambiri za olemba a ku Ulaya kwa anthu a ku America; pakati pa masewero oyambilira omwe anachitikira ku New York motsogoleredwa ndi D. Shostakovich's Violin Concerto (ndi D. Oistrakh) ndi S. Prokofiev's Symphony Concerto (ndi M. Rostropovich).

Mitropoulos nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "wokonda wodabwitsa". Zowonadi, machitidwe ake akunja anali achilendo kwambiri - adachita popanda ndodo, ali ndi laconic kwambiri, nthawi zina osawoneka bwino kwa anthu, kusuntha kwa manja ndi manja ake. Koma izi sizinamulepheretse kukwaniritsa mphamvu zazikulu zowonetsera, kukhulupirika kwa mawonekedwe a nyimbo. Katswiri wina wa ku America dzina lake D. Yuen analemba kuti: “Mitropoulos ndi munthu wabwino kwambiri pakati pa okondakita. Amasewera ndi orchestra yake monga Horowitz akuyimba piyano, molimba mtima komanso mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kuwoneka kuti luso lake silidziwa zovuta: oimba amayankha "kukhudza" kwake ngati limba. Mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsa multicolor. Woonda, wozama, ngati amonke, akalowa m'bwalo, samanena nthawi yomweyo kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa injini yomwe ili mwa iye. Koma pamene nyimbo zikuyenda pansi pa manja ake, amasandulika. Chiwalo chilichonse cha thupi lake chimayenda momveka bwino ndi nyimbo. Manja ake amatambasulira mumlengalenga, ndipo zala zake zikuoneka kuti zikusonkhanitsa phokoso lonse la ether. Nkhope yake ikuwonetsa mbali zonse za nyimbo zomwe amaimba: apa zadzaza ndi zowawa, tsopano zimayamba kumwetulira. Monga virtuoso iliyonse, Mitropoulos amakopa omvera osati kokha ndi chiwonetsero chonyezimira cha pyrotechnics, koma ndi umunthu wake wonse. Ali ndi matsenga a Toscanini kuti apangitse mphamvu yamagetsi panthawi yomwe akukwera pa siteji. Oimba ndi omvera akugwera pansi pa ulamuliro wake, ngati kuti walodzedwa. Ngakhale pa wailesi mumatha kumva kukhalapo kwake kwamphamvu. Wina sangakonde Mitropoulos, koma wina sangakhale wopanda chidwi kwa iye. Ndipo amene sakonda kutanthauzira kwake sangakane kuti munthu uyu amatenga omvera ake ndi mphamvu zake, chilakolako chake, chifuniro chake. Mfundo yakuti iye ndi wanzeru ndi yomveka kwa aliyense amene anamumvapo ... ".

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek