Pierre Monteux |

Pierre Monteux

Pierre Monteux ndi nthawi yonse ya moyo wanyimbo wanthawi yathu ino, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu! Zochitika zambiri zochititsa chidwi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina lake, lomwe limakhalabe m'mabuku oimba azaka za zana lino. Zokwanira kunena kuti anali wojambula uyu yemwe anali woyamba kuchita ntchito monga Debussy's Games, Ravel's Daphnis ndi Chloe, The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, Stravinsky's The Nightingale, Third Symphony ya Prokofiev, "Chipewa chokhazikika" cha Falla. ndi ena ambiri. Izi zokha zimalankhula motsimikiza za malo omwe Monteux adakhala pakati pa otsogolera padziko lonse lapansi. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomverera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi zisudzo zake zinali za oimba: woimbayo, titero, anakhalabe mumthunzi. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kudzichepetsa kodabwitsa kwa Monteux, kudzichepetsa osati kwa munthu, komanso kwa wojambula, komwe kunasiyanitsa kalembedwe kake kake. Kuphweka, kumveka bwino, kulondola, mayendedwe oyezera, kuuma kwa mayendedwe, kusafuna kudzionetsera ku Monteux nthawi zonse. "Kuti ndifotokoze malingaliro anga kwa oimba ndi kutulutsa lingaliro la woimbayo, kukhala mtumiki wa ntchitoyi, ndicho cholinga changa chokha," adatero. Ndipo pomvetsera oimba omwe iye ankawatsogolera, nthawi zina zinkaoneka ngati oimbawo akuimba popanda wotsogolera. Zoonadi, malingaliro oterowo anali onyenga - kutanthauzira kunali kosatheka, koma motsogoleredwa ndi wojambula, cholinga cha wolemba chinawululidwa kwathunthu mpaka kumapeto. "Sindikufuna zambiri kuchokera kwa wochititsa" - umu ndi momwe I. Stravinsky adayendera luso la Monteux, yemwe adalumikizana naye zaka zambiri zaubwenzi komanso zaumwini.

Milatho ya Monteux, titero, nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi mpaka nyimbo za makumi awiri. Iye anabadwira ku Paris panthaŵi imene Saint-Saens ndi Faure, Brahms ndi Bruckner, Tchaikovsky ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, Dvorak ndi Grieg adakali pachimake. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Monteux adaphunzira kuimba violin, zaka zitatu pambuyo pake adalowa mu Conservatory, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu adayamba kukhala wotsogolera. Poyamba, woimba wamng'onoyo anali wothandizira wa oimba a Parisian, akuimba violin ndi viola mumagulu a chipinda. (Ndizodabwitsa kuti zaka zambiri pambuyo pake adasintha mwangozi woyimba woyimba woyimba mu konsati ya Budapest Quartet, ndipo adasewera gawo lake popanda kubwereza kamodzi.)

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Monteux wotsogolera adadziwonetsa yekha mu 1911, pamene adachita bwino kwambiri konsati ya Berlioz ku Paris. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kuyamba kwa "Petrushka" ndi kuzungulira kwa olemba amakono. Choncho, mbali ziwiri zazikulu za luso lake zinadziwika nthawi yomweyo. Monga Mfalansa weniweni, yemwenso anali ndi chisomo ndi chithumwa chofewa pa siteji, kulankhula kwake kwa nyimbo kunali pafupi kwambiri ndi iye, ndipo poyimba nyimbo za anzake adapeza ungwiro wodabwitsa. Mzere wina ndi nyimbo zamakono, zomwe adalimbikitsanso moyo wake wonse. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha luso lake lapamwamba, kukoma kokoma ndi luso loyengedwa bwino, Monteux anamasulira bwino nyimbo zapamwamba za mayiko osiyanasiyana. Bach ndi Haydn, Beethoven ndi Schubert, olemba nyimbo aku Russia adakhala ndi malo olimba m'mbiri yake ...

Kusinthasintha kwa luso la wojambulayo kunamupangitsa kukhala wopambana kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse, pamene adatsogolera magulu ambiri oimba. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira 1911, Monteux anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa gulu la "Russian Ballet S. Diaghilev", kwa nthawi yayitali adatsogolera oimba a Boston ndi San Francisco ku USA, oimba a Concertgebouw ku Amsterdam ndi Philharmonic ku London. Zaka zonsezi, wojambulayo wakhala akuyendayenda padziko lonse lapansi mosatopa, akuimba m'mabwalo a konsati komanso m'nyumba za opera. Iye anapitiriza ntchito yake konsati m'ma 1950 ndi 1960s, kale kwambiri nkhalamba. Monga kale, oimba oimba bwino ankaona kuti ndi mwayi kuimba motsogoleredwa ndi iye, makamaka chifukwa wojambula wokongola ankakondedwa padziko lonse ndi oimba. Kawiri Monteux anachita mu USSR - mu 1931 ndi Soviet ensembles, ndipo mu 1956 ndi Boston Orchestra.

Monteux anadabwitsidwa osati kokha ndi mphamvu ya ntchito yake, komanso ndi kudzipereka kwake modabwitsa pa luso. Kwa zaka zitatu mwa zinayi zomwe anakhala pabwalo, sanaletse kubwereza kamodzi, ngakhale konsati imodzi. M'zaka za m'ma 50, wojambulayo anali pangozi yagalimoto. Madokotala atazindikira zilonda zazikulu ndi kuthyoka kwa nthiti zinayi, anayesa kumugoneka. Koma kondakitalayo analamula kuti amuveke kositi, ndipo madzulo omwewo anachita konsati ina. Monteux anali wodzaza ndi mphamvu zakulenga mpaka masiku ake omaliza. Anamwalira mumzinda wa Hancock (USA), kumene chaka chilichonse amatsogolera sukulu ya chilimwe ya okondakita.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek