François-André Philidor |

Francois-Andre Philidor

Ku bwalo la mfumu ya ku France Louis XIII, Michel Danican Philidor, yemwe anali wa banja la ku France la Couperin, adatumikira. Tsiku lina anayenera kubwera kunyumba yachifumu kuti akachite nawo konsati yotsatira ya mfumuyo, yomwe inkayembekezera mwachidwi. Pamene woimbayo anawonekera m’nyumba yachifumu, Louis anafuula kuti: “Potsirizira pake, Philidor wabweranso!” Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, oboist wa nyumba yachifumu anayamba kutchedwa Philidor. Ndi iye amene adayambitsa mzera wapadera wa oimba otchuka achi French.

Woimira wotchuka kwambiri wa mzera uwu ndi Francois André Philidor.

Iye anabadwa pa September 7, 1726 m’tauni yaing’ono ya Dreux, m’chigawo chapakati cha France. Analandira maphunziro ake oimba ku Imperial School of Versailles, kuphunzira motsogoleredwa ndi Campra. Atamaliza maphunziro ake mwaluso, adalephera, komabe, kuti atchuke monga wojambula wodziwika komanso woimba. Koma ndendende apa kuti talente wina mosakayikira Philidor anaonekera mu mphamvu zonse, amene dzina lake kudziwika padziko lonse! Kuyambira 1745, adadutsa ku Germany, Holland ndi England ndipo adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati wosewera woyamba wa chess, ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala katswiri wosewera chess. Mu 1749, buku lake la Chess Analysis linasindikizidwa ku London. Phunziro lochititsa chidwi, ngakhale likuwoneka lachilendo, ndilofunika mpaka lero. Popeza adadzipezera yekha ndalama, Philidor sanafulumire kupita patsogolo ndi luso lake loimba ndipo mu 1754 adalengeza kuti abwereranso ku nyimbo ndi motet "Lauda Jerusalem", yolembedwa ku Versailles Chapel.

Kuyenera kutchulidwa apa kuti kale mu 1744, pamaso wotsatira Chess epic, Philidor, pamodzi ndi Jean Jacques Rousseau, nawo pa chilengedwe cha olimba kuvina "Le Muses Galantes". Apa m'pamene woimbayo anayamba kulemba nyimbo za zisudzo.

Tsopano Philidor akukhala mlengi wa French nyimbo ndi zisudzo mtundu wanyimbo - azithunzithunzi opera (opera comigue). Yoyamba mwa sewero lake lazithunzithunzi zambiri, Blaise the Shoemaker, idaseweredwa ku Paris mu 1759. Zambiri zamasewera omwe adatsatira adachitanso ku Paris. Nyimbo za Philidor ndizowonetseratu kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizanitsa zochitika zonse za siteji ndikuwulula osati nthabwala zokha, komanso zochitika zanyimbo.

Ntchito za Felidor zinali zopambana kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Paris, (ndiye sanavomerezedwe), wolemba nyimboyo adaitanidwa ku siteji kuti awombe m'manja. Izi zinachitika pambuyo pa opera yake "The Sorcerer". Kwa zaka zoposa khumi, kuyambira 1764, zisudzo za Philidor zakhala zikudziwikanso ku Russia. Anaseŵenzetsedwa kangapo ku St. Petersburg ndi ku Moscow.

Wopatsidwa ndi luso lalikulu la kulenga, Philidor anatha kuphatikiza muzolemba zake luso lolimba la oimba a ku Germany ndi nyimbo za ku Italy, popanda kutaya mzimu wa dziko, zomwe nyimbo zake zinapanga chidwi chachikulu. Pazaka 26 adalemba nyimbo 33 zanyimbo; opambana mwa iwo: "Le jardiniere et son Seigneur", "Le Marechal ferrant", "Le Sorcier", "Ernelinde", "Tom Jones", "Themistocle" ndi "Persee".

Kubwera kwa Great French Revolution kunakakamiza Philidor kusiya dziko la makolo ake ndikusankha England ngati pothawirapo pake. Kumeneku, woyambitsa sewero lachifalansa lachifalansa anakhala ndi moyo masiku ake otsiriza, amdima. Imfa inabwera ku London mu 1795.

Viktor Kashirnikov