Edvard Grieg |

Edvard Grieg

…Ndidatenga chuma chambiri chanyimbo zamtundu wakudziko lakwathu ndipo kuchokera ku izi, zomwe sizinachitikebe, kuphunzira za moyo wa anthu aku Norwegian, ndidayesa kupanga zaluso zadziko ... E. Grieg

E. Grieg ndi wolemba nyimbo woyamba wa ku Norway yemwe ntchito yake inadutsa malire a dziko lake ndipo inakhala katundu wa chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya. Konsati ya piyano, nyimbo za sewero la G. Ibsen "Peer Gynt", "Lyric Pieces" ndi zachikondi ndizo zikuluzikulu za nyimbo za theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1890. Kukhwima kwa kulenga kwa wolembayo kunachitika m'nyengo ya maluwa ofulumira a moyo wauzimu wa Norway, chidwi chowonjezeka mu mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe, ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Nthawiyi inabweretsa "gulu la nyenyezi" lonse la akatswiri aluso, ojambula amitundu yosiyanasiyana - A. Tidemann mu kujambula, G. Ibsen, B. Bjornson, G. Wergeland ndi O. Vigne m'mabuku. "Kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, dziko la Norway lakhala likuwonjezeka kwambiri m'mabuku omwe palibe dziko lina kupatula Russia lomwe lingadzitamande nalo," F. Engels analemba mu XNUMX. "... Anthu aku Norwegi amapanga zambiri kuposa ena, ndipo amaika sitampu yawo pamabuku a anthu ena, osati ku Germany."

Grieg anabadwira ku Bergen, komwe bambo ake anali kazembe waku Britain. Amayi ake, woimba piyano waluso, adatsogolera maphunziro a nyimbo a Edward, adalimbikitsa mwa iye kukonda Mozart. Potsatira malangizo a woimba zeze wotchuka wa ku Norway U. Bull, Grieg mu 1858 analowa m’gulu la Leipzig Conservatory. Ngakhale kuti dongosolo la kuphunzitsa silinakhutitse mokwanira mnyamatayo, yemwe adakokera ku nyimbo zachikondi za R. Schumann, F. Chopin ndi R. Wagner, zaka za maphunziro sizinapite popanda kufufuza: adalowa nawo chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya, adakulitsa nyimbo zake zoyimba. horizons, ndi luso laukadaulo laukadaulo. Ku Conservatory, Grieg adapeza alangizi ozindikira omwe amalemekeza luso lake (K. Reinecke mu zolemba, E. Wenzel ndi I. Moscheles mu piyano, M. Hauptmann mu chiphunzitso). Kuyambira 1863, Grieg wakhala ku Copenhagen, akuwongolera luso lake lolemba motsogozedwa ndi wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Denmark N. Gade. Pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake, wolemba R. Nurdrok, Grieg adalenga gulu la nyimbo la Euterpa ku Copenhagen, lomwe cholinga chake chinali kufalitsa ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito ya oimba achichepere a ku Scandinavia. Poyenda kuzungulira Norway ndi Bull, Grieg adaphunzira kumvetsetsa bwino komanso kumva nthano zadziko. Piano Sonata wopanduka wachikondi ku E Minor, Violin Woyamba Sonata, Humoresques for Piano - awa ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa za nthawi yoyambirira ya ntchito ya wolemba.

Ndi kusamukira ku Christiania (tsopano Oslo) mu 1866, gawo latsopano, lopindulitsa kwambiri pa moyo wa wolemba nyimboyo linayamba. Kulimbikitsa miyambo ya nyimbo za dziko, kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa za oimba a ku Norway, kuphunzitsa anthu - izi ndizo ntchito zazikulu za Grieg ku likulu. Pazochita zake, Academy of Music idatsegulidwa ku Christiania (1867). Mu 1871, Grieg anayambitsa Musical Society ku likulu, m'makonsati omwe adachita ntchito za Mozart, Schumann, Liszt ndi Wagner, komanso olemba amakono a Scandinavia - J. Swensen, Nurdrok, Gade ndi ena. Grieg amachitanso ngati woyimba piyano - woyimba piyano ntchito zake, komanso mu gulu limodzi ndi mkazi wake, woimba wamphatso m'chipinda, Nina Hagerup. Ntchito za nthawi imeneyi - limba Concerto (1868), kope loyamba la "Lyric Zigawo" (1867), Wachiwiri Violin Sonata (1867) - umboni kulowa kwa wolemba mu m'badwo wa kukhwima. Komabe, ntchito yaikulu ya kulenga ndi maphunziro Grieg mu likulu anakumana ndi chinyengo, inert maganizo pa luso. Pokhala m’malo a kaduka ndi kusamvetsetsana, anafunikira chichirikizo cha anthu amalingaliro ofananawo. Choncho, chochitika chosaiwalika m'moyo wake chinali msonkhano ndi Liszt, umene unachitika mu 1870 ku Rome. Mawu otsazikana a woimba wamkuluyo, kupenda kwake kosangalatsa kwa Piano Concerto kunabwezeretsa kudzidalira kwa Grieg: “Pitirizani kuyenda ndi mzimu womwewo, ndikuuzani ichi. Muli ndi chidziwitso cha izi, ndipo musalole kuti muchite mantha! - mawu awa adamveka ngati dalitso kwa Grieg. Maphunziro a moyo wonse, omwe Grieg adalandira kuchokera ku 1874, adapangitsa kuti achepetse konsati yake ndi ntchito zophunzitsa ku likulu, ndikupita ku Ulaya nthawi zambiri. Mu 1877 Grieg anasiya Christiania. Pokana mabwenzi oti akhazikike ku Copenhagen ndi Leipzig, adakonda moyo wodzipatula komanso wopanga zinthu ku Hardanger, limodzi mwa zigawo zapakati pa Norway.

Kuyambira 1880, Grieg anakhazikika ku Bergen ndi madera ozungulira nyumba "Trollhaugen" ("Troll Hill"). Kubwerera kudziko lakwawo kunali ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pa kulenga kwa wopeka. Mavuto a m'ma 70s. atadutsa, Grieg adapezanso mphamvu zambiri. Pokhala chete Trollhaugen, oimba awiri oimba "Peer Gynt", quartet ya zingwe mu G wamng'ono, gulu "Kuchokera ku nthawi ya Holberg", zolemba zatsopano za "Lyric Pieces", zachikondi ndi mawu ozungulira. Mpaka zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, maphunziro Grieg anapitiriza (kutsogolera zoimbaimba Bergen Musical Society Harmony, kukonzekera chikondwerero choyamba cha nyimbo Norway mu 1898). Ntchito yoyimba kwambiri ya wolembayo idasinthidwa ndi maulendo (Germany, Austria, England, France); iwo adathandizira kufalikira kwa nyimbo za ku Norway ku Ulaya, anabweretsa kugwirizana kwatsopano, kudziwana ndi olemba nyimbo zazikulu kwambiri zamakono - I. Brahms, C. Saint-Saens, M. Reger, F. Busoni, ndi ena.

Mu 1888 Grieg anakumana ndi P. Tchaikovsky ku Leipzig. Ubwenzi wawo wokhalitsa unazikidwa, malinga ndi mawu a Tchaikovsky, “pa ubale wosakayikitsa wamkati wa mitundu iwiri ya nyimbo.” Pamodzi ndi Tchaikovsky, Grieg adalandira udokotala wolemekezeka kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Cambridge (1893). "Hamlet" ya Tchaikovsky imaperekedwa kwa Grieg. Ntchito ya woyimbayo idamalizidwa ndi Four Psalms to Old Norwegian Melodies ya baritone ndi kwaya yosakaniza cappella (1906). Chifaniziro cha dziko lakwawo mu umodzi wa chilengedwe, miyambo yauzimu, nthano, zakale ndi zamakono anali pakati pa ntchito Grieg, kutsogolera kufufuza ake onse. "Nthawi zambiri ndimakumbatira dziko lonse la Norway, ndipo ichi ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri kwa ine. Palibe mzimu waukulu umene ungakondedwe ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi chilengedwe! Kufotokozera mozama kwambiri komanso mwaluso kwambiri pazithunzi zazikuluzikulu za dzikolo kunali nyimbo ziwiri za oimba "Peer Gynt", momwe Grieg adatanthauzira chiwembu cha Ibsen. Posiya kufotokoza kwa Per monga wokonda kuyendayenda, wokonda payekha komanso wopanduka, Grieg adapanga ndakatulo yodziwika bwino yokhudza dziko la Norway, adayimba kukongola kwa chilengedwe chake ("Morning"), adajambula zithunzi zodabwitsa za nthano ("Mphanga la phiri). mfumu"). Tanthauzo la zizindikiro zamuyaya za dziko lakwawo linapezedwa ndi zithunzi za amayi a Per - Oze wakale - ndi mkwatibwi wake Solveig ("Imfa ya Oze" ndi "Lullaby ya Solveig").

Ma suites adawonetsa chiyambi cha chilankhulo cha Grigovian, chomwe chimatanthauzira kumveka kwa nthano zachi Norway, luso la nyimbo zokhazikika komanso zomveka bwino, momwe chithunzi chambiri chodziwika bwino chikuwonekera poyerekezera ndi zojambula zazing'ono za orchestra. Miyambo yamapulogalamu a Schumann amapangidwa ndi Lyric Pieces ya piyano. Zojambula zamitundu yakumpoto ("Mu Spring", "Nocturne", "Kunyumba", "The Bells"), mtundu ndi masewero amtundu ("Lullaby", "Waltz", "Gulugufe", "Brook"), mlimi waku Norway. kuvina ("Halling", "Springdance", "Gangar"), anthu osangalatsa a nthano ("Procession of the Dwarves", "Kobold") komanso masewero anyimbo ("Arietta", "Melody", "Elegy") - dziko lalikulu la zithunzi likujambulidwa muzolemba za oimba nyimbozi.

Piyano yaying'ono, chikondi ndi nyimbo zimapanga maziko a ntchito ya woipeka. Ngale zenizeni za mawu a Grigov, otambasula kuchokera ku kulingalira kowala, kulingalira kwa filosofi ku chisonkhezero chachangu, nyimbo, zinali zachikondi "The Swan" (Art. Ibsen), "Dream" (Art. F. Bogenshtedt), "Ndimakukondani" (Ndimakukondani" (Art. Art. G. X Andersen). Mofanana ndi oimba ambiri achikondi, Grieg amaphatikiza tiyi tating'onoting'ono tozungulira - "Pa Rocks ndi Fjords", "Norway", "Mtsikana wochokera kumapiri", ndi zina zotero. Ambiri mwa okondana amagwiritsa ntchito malemba a ndakatulo za Scandinavia. Kulumikizana ndi zolemba zadziko, ngwazi ya ku Scandinavia epic idawonetsedwanso m'mawu ndi zida za oimba nyimbo, kwaya ndi oimba potengera zolemba za B. Bjornson: "Pazipata za amonke", "Bwererani kudziko lakwanu", "Olaf". Trygvason” (p. 50).

Zida zoimbira zamitundu yayikulu yozungulira zimawonetsa zochitika zofunika kwambiri pakusinthika kwa woipeka. Konsati ya limba, yomwe inatsegula nthawi ya kulenga, inali imodzi mwa zochitika zazikulu m'mbiri ya mtunduwu panjira yochokera ku ma concerto a L. Beethoven kupita ku P. Tchaikovsky ndi S. Rachmaninov. Kukula kwachitukuko cha symphonic, kuchuluka kwa mawu oimba kumadziwika ndi String Quartet mu G Minor.

Chidziwitso chakuya cha chikhalidwe cha violin, chida chodziwika kwambiri mu nyimbo zachi Norway ndi akatswiri a nyimbo, amapezeka mu sonatas zitatu za violin ndi piyano - mu kuwala-idyllic Choyamba; Wachiwiri ndi Wachitatu, wowoneka bwino wamitundu yonse, atayima pakati pa ntchito zochititsa chidwi za wolemba nyimbo, pamodzi ndi limba ya piano ya Ballade m'njira zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo zachi Norway, Sonata ya Cello ndi Piano. M'zinthu zonsezi, mfundo za masewero a sonata zimagwirizana ndi mfundo za suite, kuzungulira kwazing'ono (zotengera kusinthana kwaulere, "unyolo" wa zigawo zosiyana zomwe zimapanga kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa maonekedwe, zomwe zimapanga "mtsinje wa zodabwitsa." ", m'mawu a B. Asafiev).

Mtundu wa suite umayang'anira ntchito ya symphonic ya Grieg. Kuphatikiza pa ma suites "Peer Gynt", wolembayo adalemba gulu la oimba a zingwe "Kuchokera ku Time of Holberg" (monga ma suites akale a Bach ndi Handel); "Mavinidwe a Symphonic" pamitu yaku Norway, gulu lochokera ku nyimbo kupita ku sewero la B. Bjornson "Sigurd Jorsalfar", ndi zina zotero.

Ntchito ya Grieg idapeza njira yopita kwa omvera ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana, kale m'ma 70s. wa zaka zapitazi, anakhala ankakonda ndipo kwambiri analowa moyo nyimbo Russia. Tchaikovsky analemba kuti: "Grieg adatha kudzipezera yekha mitima ya Russia nthawi zonse. "M'nyimbo zake, zodzaza ndi kunyowa kochititsa chidwi, zowonetsa kukongola kwa chilengedwe cha ku Norway, nthawi zina zazikulu komanso zazikulu, nthawi zina imvi, zodekha, zomvetsa chisoni, koma nthawi zonse zowoneka bwino kwa moyo wa munthu wakumpoto, pali china chake pafupi ndi ife, okondedwa, mwamsanga kupeza m’mitima mwathu yankho lachikondi, lachifundo.

I. Okhalova

• Moyo ndi ntchito ya Grieg →
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• Mawonekedwe a nyimbo zamtundu waku Norway komanso momwe zimakhudzira kalembedwe ka Grieg →

Moyo ndi njira yolenga

Edvard Hagerup Grieg anabadwa pa June 15, 1843. Makolo ake ndi Scots (wotchedwa Greig). Koma agogo anga anakhazikikanso ku Norway, ndipo anatumikira monga kazembe wa ku Britain mu mzinda wa Bergen; malo omwewo anali atate wa wopeka. Banjalo linali loimba. Amayi - woyimba piyano wabwino - adaphunzitsa ana nyimbo yekha. Pambuyo pake, kuwonjezera pa Edward, mchimwene wake wamkulu John adalandira maphunziro apamwamba oimba (anamaliza maphunziro a Leipzig Conservatory m'kalasi ya cello ndi Friedrich Grützmacher ndi Karl Davydov).

Bergen, kumene Grieg anabadwira ndipo anakhala zaka zake zaunyamata, anali wotchuka chifukwa cha miyambo ya zojambulajambula za dziko, makamaka m'munda wa zisudzo: Henrik Ibsen ndi Bjornstjerne Bjornson anayamba ntchito zawo pano; Ole Bull anabadwira ku Bergen ndipo adakhala nthawi yayitali. Ndi iye amene anayamba kufotokoza za luso lapadera la nyimbo la Edward (mnyamata wopangidwa kuyambira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri) ndipo analangiza makolo ake kuti amutumize ku Leipzig Conservatory, yomwe inachitika mu 1858. Ndi kupuma pang'ono, Grieg anakhala ku Leipzig mpaka 1862 . (Mu 1860, Grieg anadwala matenda aakulu omwe anawononga thanzi lake: anataya mapapo amodzi.).

Grieg, popanda chisangalalo, pambuyo pake anakumbukira zaka za maphunziro a Conservatory, njira zophunzitsira zamaphunziro, chisamaliro cha aphunzitsi ake, kudzipatula kwawo ku moyo. M'mamvekedwe a nthabwala zabwino, adalongosola zaka izi, komanso ubwana wake, m'nkhani ya autobiographical yotchedwa "Kupambana Kwanga Koyamba". Wopeka nyimbo wachichepereyo anapeza nyonga ya “kutaya goli la zinyalala zonse zosafunikira zimene analeredwa mochepera panyumba ndi kunja,” zimene zinawopseza kuti zim’ponyera njira yolakwika. Grieg analemba kuti: “M’mphamvu imeneyi muli chipulumutso changa, chimwemwe changa. "Ndipo nditamvetsetsa mphamvu iyi, nditangodzizindikira ndekha, ndinazindikira zomwe ndikufuna kuzitcha zanga. chokhacho kupambana. ”… Komabe, kukhala kwake ku Leipzig kunamupatsa zambiri: moyo wanyimbo mumzindawu unali wapamwamba. Ndipo ngati si mkati mwa makoma a Conservatory, ndiye kunja kwake, Grieg adalowa nawo nyimbo za olemba amasiku ano, omwe adayamika kwambiri Schumann ndi Chopin.

Grieg adapitilizabe kuchita bwino ngati wolemba nyimbo pamalo oimba omwe panthawiyo Scandinavia - Copenhagen. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Denmark wodziwika bwino, wosilira Mendelssohn, Nils Gade (1817-1890) anakhala mtsogoleri wawo. Koma ngakhale maphunzirowa sanakhutiritse Grieg: anali kufunafuna njira zatsopano zaluso. Kukumana ndi Rikard Nurdrok kunathandizira kuwapeza - "monga ngati chophimba chagwa kuchokera m'maso mwanga," adatero. Olemba nyimbo achichepere adalumbira kuti adzapereka zonse ku chitukuko cha dziko Chinorowe kuyambira mu nyimbo, adalengeza kulimbana mopanda chifundo motsutsana ndi "Scandinavism" yofewa mwachikondi, yomwe idakulitsa mwayi wowulula chiyambi ichi. Zosaka za Grieg zidathandizidwa ndi Ole Bull - paulendo wawo wolumikizana ku Norway, adayambitsa bwenzi lake lachinyamata ku zinsinsi za luso la anthu.

Zolinga zatsopano zamalingaliro sizinachedwe kukhudza ntchito ya wolembayo. Mu limba "Humoresques" op. 6 ndi sonata op. 7, komanso mu violin sonata op. 8 ndi Overture "Mu Autumn" op. 11, mawonekedwe amtundu wa Grieg akuwonekera kale. Anawawongolera mowonjezereka mu nthawi yotsatira ya moyo wake yogwirizana ndi Christiania (tsopano Oslo).

Kuchokera mu 1866 mpaka 1874, nthawi yovuta kwambiri iyi ya nyimbo, kuchita ndi kupanga ntchito inapitirira.

Kubwerera ku Copenhagen, pamodzi ndi Nurdrok, Grieg adakonza gulu la Euterpe, lomwe linadzipangira cholinga cholimbikitsa ntchito za oimba achichepere. Kubwerera ku dziko lakwawo, mu likulu la Norway, Christiania, Grieg anapereka kwambiri ntchito zake nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Monga mutu wa Philharmonic Society, iye anafuna, pamodzi ndi akale, kuphunzitsa omvera chidwi ndi chikondi pa ntchito za Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, amene mayina sanali kudziwika mu Norway, komanso nyimbo za. Olemba aku Norway. Grieg ankaimbanso ngati woyimba piyano akuchita ntchito zake, nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi mkazi wake, woimba wa chipinda Nina Hagerup. Zochita zake zoimba ndi maphunziro zinkayendera limodzi ndi ntchito yaikulu monga wolemba nyimbo. Zinali m'zaka izi kuti analemba wotchuka piyano concerto op. 16, Violin Wachiwiri Sonata, op. 13 (imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zokondedwa kwambiri) ndipo akuyamba kufalitsa mndandanda wa zolemba za zidutswa za mawu, komanso masewero a piyano, onse ovina kwambiri komanso ovina.

Ntchito yaikulu ndi yobala zipatso ya Grieg ku Christiania, komabe, sinavomerezedwe ndi anthu. Anali ndi anzake odabwitsa mu nkhondo yake yamoto yokonda kwambiri dziko lazojambula zamtundu wa demokalase - choyamba, wolemba nyimbo Svensen ndi wolemba Bjornson (anagwirizana ndi otsiriza kwa zaka zambiri zaubwenzi), komanso adani ambiri - okonda kwambiri akale, amene anaphimba zaka zake za kukhala ku Christiania ndi zowawa zawo. Chotero, chithandizo chaubwenzi chimene Liszt anam’patsa chinam’kumbukira kwambiri Grieg.

Liszt, atatenga udindo wa abbot, ankakhala zaka izi ku Rome. Iye sanali kudziwa Grieg, koma kumapeto kwa 1868, atazolowerana ndi Woyamba Violin Sonata, anakhudzidwa ndi kutsitsimuka kwa nyimbo, iye anatumiza kalata mwakhama kwa wolemba. Kalata iyi inathandiza kwambiri pa mbiri ya Grieg: Thandizo la makhalidwe abwino la Liszt linalimbitsa malingaliro ake ndi luso lake. Mu 1870, anakumana payekha. Mnzake wolemekezeka komanso wowolowa manja wa chilichonse chomwe chili ndi luso lazoimba zamakono, omwe makamaka adathandizira omwe adazindikira national kuyambira pakupanga luso, Liszt adavomereza mwansangala konsati ya piano ya Grieg yomwe yamalizidwa posachedwapa. Anamuuza kuti: “Pitirizani, muli ndi zonse zokhudza izi, ndipo musalole kuti muchite mantha! ..".

Pouza banja lake za msonkhano ndi Liszt, Grieg anawonjezera kuti: “Mawu amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ine. Zimakhala ngati mdalitso. Ndipo kangapo, mumphindi zokhumudwitsa ndi zowawa, ndidzakumbukira mawu ake, ndipo kukumbukira nthawi ino kudzandichirikiza ndi mphamvu zamatsenga m'masiku a mayesero.

Grieg anapita ku Italy pa maphunziro a boma omwe analandira. Patapita zaka zingapo, pamodzi ndi Swensen, analandira penshoni ya moyo wake wonse kuchokera ku boma, zomwe zinamumasula ku kufunika kokhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika. Mu 1873, Grieg anachoka ku Christiania, ndipo chaka chotsatira anakakhala ku Bergen kwawo. Chotsatira, chotsiriza, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wake imayamba, yodziwika ndi kupambana kwakukulu kwa kulenga, kudziwika kwa anthu kunyumba ndi kunja. Nthawi imeneyi imayamba ndi kupanga nyimbo za sewero la Ibsen "Peer Gynt" (1874-1875). Zinali nyimbozi zomwe zinapangitsa dzina la Grieg kutchuka ku Ulaya. Pamodzi ndi nyimbo za Peer Gynt, nyimbo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya piyano. 24, chingwe quartet op. 27, suite "Kuyambira nthawi ya Holberg" op. 40, mndandanda wa zolemba za piyano ndi mawu amawu, pomwe wolembayo amatembenukira ku zolemba za ndakatulo za ku Norway, ndi ntchito zina. Nyimbo za Grieg zikupeza kutchuka kwakukulu, kulowa mu siteji ya konsati ndi moyo wapakhomo; ntchito zake zimafalitsidwa ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zosindikizira zachijeremani zolemekezeka kwambiri, chiwerengero cha maulendo a konsati chikuchulukirachulukira. Pozindikira luso lake laluso, Grieg anasankhidwa kukhala membala wa masukulu angapo: Swedish mu 1872, Leiden (ku Holland) mu 1883, French mu 1890, ndipo pamodzi ndi Tchaikovsky mu 1893 - dokotala wa yunivesite ya Cambridge.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Grieg amazemba kwambiri moyo waphokoso wa likulu. Pokhudzana ndi ulendowu, ayenera kupita ku Berlin, Vienna, Paris, London, Prague, Warsaw, pamene ku Norway amakhala payekha, makamaka kunja kwa mzinda (choyamba ku Lufthus, kenako pafupi ndi Bergen pa malo ake, otchedwa Troldhaugen, kuti ndi, “Phiri la Troll”); amathera nthawi yake yambiri pakupanga zinthu. Komabe, Grieg sasiya ntchito yoimba komanso yothandiza anthu. Choncho, m'zaka za 1880-1882, adatsogolera gulu la Harmony konsati ku Bergen, ndipo mu 1898 adachitanso chikondwerero cha nyimbo cha Norway (cha makonsati asanu ndi limodzi). Koma m'kupita kwa zaka, izi zinayenera kusiyidwa: thanzi lake likuipiraipira, matenda am'mapapo ayamba kuchuluka. Grieg anamwalira pa September 4, 1907. Imfa yake inakumbukiridwa ku Norway monga maliro a dziko lonse.

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Kumva chisoni chachikulu kumabweretsa maonekedwe a Edvard Grieg - wojambula komanso munthu. Womvera ndi wodekha pochita zinthu ndi anthu, mu ntchito yake adasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwona mtima ndi kukhulupirika, ndipo, osatenga nawo mbali mwachindunji pa moyo wa ndale wa dziko, nthawi zonse ankakhala ngati demokalase yotsimikizika. Zokonda za anthu akwawo zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Ndicho chifukwa chake, m'zaka zomwe zizoloŵezi zinawonekera kunja, zokhudzidwa ndi chikoka choipa, Grieg anali mmodzi mwa akuluakulu akuluakulu. zimathandizadi ojambula. "Ndimatsutsana ndi mitundu yonse ya "maism," adatero, akukangana ndi a Wagnerian.

M'zolemba zake zochepa, Grieg akuwonetsa ziganizo zambiri zokongoletsedwa bwino. Amagwada pamaso pa katswiri wa Mozart, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amakhulupirira kuti atakumana ndi Wagner, "wanzeru wapadziko lonse lapansi, yemwe moyo wake wakhala wachilendo ku philistinism iliyonse, akadakondwera ali mwana pa kupambana kwatsopano m'munda. masewero ndi orchestra.” JS Bach kwa iye ndi "mwala wapangodya" wa zaluso zamakono. Ku Schumann, amayamikira kwambiri "mawu ofunda, ozama" a nyimbo. Ndipo Grieg amadziona kuti ndi membala wa sukulu ya Schumannian. Kukonda kukhumudwa komanso kulota kumamupangitsa kukhala wogwirizana ndi nyimbo zaku Germany. Grieg anati: “Komabe, timakonda kulankhula momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino, ngakhale tikulankhula momveka bwino. Timayesetsa kukwaniritsa izi momveka bwino komanso zolondola pazaluso zathu. ” Amapeza mawu ambiri okoma mtima kwa Brahms, ndipo akuyamba nkhani yake pokumbukira Verdi ndi mawu akuti: "Wamkulu womaliza wachoka ...".

Ubale wabwino kwambiri unagwirizanitsa Grieg ndi Tchaikovsky. Kudziŵana kwawo kwaumwini kunachitika mu 1888 ndipo kunasandulika kukhala malingaliro achikondi chakuya, analongosoledwa, m’mawu a Tchaikovsky, “mwa unansi wamkati wosakayikitsa wa mikhalidwe iŵiri ya nyimbo.” “Ndimanyadira kuti ndapeza mabwenzi anu,” analembera Grieg. Ndipo iye, nayenso, analota za msonkhano wina "kulikonse kumene kunali: mu Russia, Norway kapena kwinakwake!" Tchaikovsky adawonetsa kulemekeza kwake Grieg popereka Hamlet yongopeka kwa iye. Adafotokoza modabwitsa za ntchito ya Grieg mu Autobiographical Description of a Journey Abroad mu 1888.

"M'nyimbo zake, zodzaza ndi kunyada, kuwonetsa kukongola kwa chilengedwe cha ku Norway, nthawi zina zazikulu komanso zazikulu, nthawi zina imvi, zodekha, zomvetsa chisoni, koma nthawi zonse zokongola kwambiri kwa moyo wa kumpoto, pali china chake pafupi ndi ife, wokondedwa, Nthawi yomweyo yomwe imapezeka m'mitima mwathu ndi kuyankha kwachikondi, kwachifundo ... ndi chikondi chochuluka bwanji m'mawu ake omveka bwino, - Tchaikovsky analemba mowonjezera, - nanga bwanji chinsinsi chogonjetsa moyo mu mgwirizano wake, kuchuluka kwa chiyambi ndi chiyambi chokongola mu nzeru zake, piquant. ma modulations ndi rhythm, monga china chilichonse, chosangalatsa nthawi zonse, chatsopano, choyambirira! Ngati tiwonjezera pamikhalidwe yonseyi yosowa kuphweka, yachilendo ku zovuta zilizonse komanso zongoyerekeza ... ndiye sizodabwitsa kuti aliyense amakonda Grieg, kuti ndi wotchuka kulikonse! ..».

M. Druskin

Zolemba:

Piano imagwira ntchito pafupifupi 150 okha Zambiri Zing'onozing'ono (op. 1, lofalitsidwa 1862); 70 yomwe ili mu 10 "Lyric Notebooks" (yosindikizidwa kuyambira 1870s mpaka 1901) Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo: Sonata e-moll op. 7 (1865) Ballad mu mawonekedwe osinthika op. 24 (1875)

Kwa piano manja anayi Zigawo za Symphonic op. khumi ndi anayi akuvina aku Norway op. 35 Waltzes-Caprices (2 zidutswa) op. 37 Old Norse Romance yokhala ndi Zosiyanasiyana op. 50 (pali nyimbo ya orchestra) 4 Ma sonata a Mozart a piano 2 manja 4 (F-dur, c-moll, C-dur, G-dur)

Nyimbo ndi Romance yonse - yosindikizidwa pambuyo pake - yopitilira 140

Ntchito zoimbira za Chamber Woyamba Violin Sonata mu F-dur op. 8 (1866) Violin Wachiwiri Sonata G-dur op. 13 (1871) Sonata yachitatu ya violin mu c-moll, op. 45 (1886) Cello sonata a-moll op. 36 (1883) Chingwe cha quartet g-moll op. 27 (1877-1878)

Symphonic ntchito "Mu Autumn", kusintha kwatsopano. 11 (1865-1866) Piano Concerto a-moll op. 16 (1868) 2 nyimbo zapamwamba (zotengera nyimbo zanu) za orchestra ya zingwe, op. 34 "Kuyambira nthawi ya Holberg", suite (zidutswa 5) za oimba a zingwe, op. 40 (1884) 2 suites (zonse zidutswa 9) kuchokera ku nyimbo kupita ku sewero la G. Ibsen "Peer Gynt" op. 46 ndi 55 (mochedwa 80s) 2 nyimbo (zotengera nyimbo zanu) za zingwe orchestra, op. 53 3 zidutswa za orchestra kuchokera ku "Sigurd Iorsalfar" op. 56 (1892) 2 Nyimbo zachi Norwegian za string orchestra, op. 63 Mavinidwe a Symphonic kupita ku Norway motifs, op. 64

Ntchito zamawu ndi symphonic zisudzo nyimbo "Pazipata za nyumba ya amonke" kwa mawu achikazi - solo ndi kwaya - ndi orchestra, op. 20 (1870) "Kubwera Kwawo" kwa mawu achimuna - solo ndi kwaya - ndi orchestra, op. 31 (1872, 2nd edition - 1881) Kusungulumwa kwa baritone, orchestra ya zingwe ndi nyanga ziwiri op. 32 (1878) Nyimbo za Ibsen's Peer Gynt, op. 23 (1874-1875) "Bergliot" kuti alengeze ndi orchestra op. 42 (1870-1871) Scenes from Olaf Trygvason for soloists, kwaya ndi orchestra, op. 50 (1889)

Makwaya Album yoyimba amuna (makwaya 12) op. Masalimo makumi atatu ndi anayi mpaka nyimbo zakale zaku Norway zakwaya yosakanizidwa ndi cappella yokhala ndi baritone kapena bass op. 4 (74)

Zolemba zolembalemba Pakati pa nkhani zofalitsidwa ndi zazikulu: "Wagnerian zisudzo ku Bayreuth" (1876), "Robert Schumann" (1893), "Mozart" (1896), "Verdi" (1901), ndi autobiographical essay "Kupambana wanga woyamba" ( 1905)