Zurna: ndichiyani, zikuchokera zida, mbiri, phokoso, ntchito

Zida zina zoimbira zimatchuka kwambiri moti aliyense amazizindikira mwa kumva dzina kapena mawu ake. Ndipo zina zimamveka bwino, koma zimakhalabe zodziwika bwino.

Zurna ndi chiyani

Zurna ndi chida champhepo chomwe chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera Kummawa. Dzina lakuti "zurna" ndilofanana m'mayiko ambiri, koma likhoza kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko ena amatcha "surnay". Ngati tilankhula za kumasulira, ndiye kuti dzinalo limamveka ngati "chitoliro cha tchuthi". Zikuwoneka ngati chubu lamatabwa lomwe lili ndi mabowo, lomwe lili mbali inayo. Imawoneka ngati oboe ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazoyambirira za zida zoimbira zodziwika bwino.

M'mayiko omwe zurna amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Maonekedwe ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndizosiyana: matabwa olimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zurna. Masiku ano ndi otchuka m'mayiko monga Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, komanso Caucasus, India ndi Balkan.

Kodi zurna ikumveka bwanji?

Mtundu wa chidacho ndi wochepa kwambiri: mpaka octave imodzi ndi theka. Koma izi zimachotsedwa ndi phokoso lapadera, lolemera komanso loboola.

Mosiyana ndi oboe, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi achibale ake, chida choyambirira cha chidacho sichikhoza kuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa zida za orchestra chifukwa chazochepa komanso kusowa kwa sikelo yokwanira. Njira ya zurna ili ndi mawonekedwe a conical: izi zimasiyanitsa ndi zida zina zamphepo zotchuka pakati pa anthu. Maonekedwe a njirayo amakhudza mwachindunji phokoso: ndi lamphamvu, lowala komanso nthawi zina lankhanza. Koma phokoso nthawi zambiri zimadalira woimbayo: woimba wabwino adzatha kuimba zurn, kuchotsa zofewa, zomveka komanso zomveka bwino.

History

Chidachi chimatsata mbiri yakale kwambiri. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zipilala zakale. Chifaniziro chake, chotchedwa aulos, chadziwika kuyambira ku Girisi wakale. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zisudzo, ntchito zankhondo ndi nsembe. Kuchokera kumeneko, chidacho chinapita ku mayiko ena.

Chiyambi cha zurna chikugwirizana ndi Near ndi Middle East, komanso Central Asia, komwe idafalikira kumadera ena. M'madera awa, zurna ndi chida chodziwika bwino. Anabwera kudziko lathu kuchokera ku mayiko ena, koma adapeza dzina losinthidwa kwa anthu a Asilavo - surna. Zatchulidwa m'mbiri ya Russia kuyambira zaka za zana la khumi ndi zitatu, koma zinalephera kusunga kutchuka kwake. Idasinthidwa ndi zida zoimbira zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwa anthu aku Russia komanso luso lakale.

kugwiritsa

Zurnachi ndi oimba omwe amaimba nyimbo pa chida ichi. Zurna sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu oimba a symphony, koma nyimbo zake zimamveka bwino panthawi yovina ndi nyimbo zachikhalidwe, zikondwerero zazikulu ndi maholide a anthu. Mmodzi mwa ma zurnachis amaimba nyimboyi, pamene winayo amasewera phokoso lomveka lomwe limagwirizana ndi phokosolo. Phokoso lotsika lotsika lomwe limamveka kuchokera ku chida cha woimba wachiwiri amatchedwanso bourbon. Woimba wachitatu nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali mu sewerolo, yemwe amamenya nyimbo zovuta zachilendo ndi zikwapu.

Nthano zachi Armenian zimagwirizanitsa phokoso la zurna ndi zida za anthu otchulidwa. Nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa zinthu zamatsenga. Ndikovuta kuti mukwaniritse bwino mwaukadaulo pa chida chamtundu: zurnachi phunzirani kujambula mawu motalika momwe mungathere. Amakoka mpweya kudzera m'mphuno zawo, ndikutulutsa mpweya mkamwa mwawo: kuti muyimbe bwino nyimbo, muyenera kuphunzira kuyimba ndikuphunzitsa kwa nthawi yayitali.