Gitala yamagetsi: kapangidwe, mfundo ya ntchito, mbiri, mitundu, njira zosewerera, kugwiritsa ntchito

Gitala yamagetsi ndi mtundu wa chida chozulidwa chokhala ndi ma pickups a electromagnetic omwe amasintha kugwedezeka kwa zingwe kukhala magetsi. Gitala yamagetsi ndi imodzi mwa zida zazing'ono kwambiri zoimbira, idapangidwa pakati pazaka za zana la 20. Kunja kumafanana ndi ma acoustic ochiritsira, koma ali ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi zinthu zowonjezera.

Momwe gitala yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito

Thupi la chida chamagetsi limapangidwa ndi mapulo, mahogany, phulusa. Fretboard imapangidwa ndi ebony, rosewood. Chiwerengero cha zingwe ndi 6, 7 kapena 8. Mankhwalawa amalemera 2-3 kg.

Mapangidwe a khosi amakhala pafupifupi ofanana ndi a gitala loyimba. Pamwambapa pali zokometsera, ndi zokometsera pamutu pamutu. Khosi limamangiriridwa ku thupi ndi guluu kapena ma bolts, mkati mwake muli ndi nangula - chitetezo ku kupindana chifukwa cha zovuta.

Amapanga mitundu iwiri ya matupi: a dzenje ndi olimba, onse ndi afulati. Magitala amagetsi opanda phokoso amamveka ngati velvety, ofewa, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzolemba za blues ndi jazi. Gitala yolimba yamatabwa imakhala ndi mawu oboola kwambiri, aukali oyenera nyimbo za rock.

Gitala yamagetsi iyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi wachibale wake wamayimbidwe. Izi ndi zigawo zotsatirazi za gitala lamagetsi:

• Bridge - kukonza zingwe pa sitimayo. Ndi tremolo - yosunthika, yomwe imakulolani kuti musinthe kugwedezeka kwa zingwe ndi mamvekedwe angapo, sewera vibrato ndi zingwe zotseguka. Popanda tremolo - osasunthika, ndi mapangidwe osavuta.
• Pickups ndi masensa osinthira kugwedezeka kwa zingwe kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chamitundu iwiri: koyilo imodzi, yomwe imapereka kumveka koyera, koyenera kwa ma blues ndi dziko, ndi humbucker, yomwe imatulutsa phokoso lamphamvu, lolemera, loyenera mwala.

Ngakhale pathupi pali kamvekedwe ka mawu ndi ma voliyumu olumikizidwa ndi ma pickups.

Kuti muziyimba gitala lamagetsi, muyenera kugula zida:

• combo amplifier - chigawo chachikulu chochotsa phokoso la gitala, ikhoza kukhala chubu (yomveka bwino) ndi transistor;
• ma pedals kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu;
• purosesa - chipangizo chaukadaulo chothandizira munthawi yomweyo zomveka zingapo.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Mapangidwe a gitala yamagetsi yazingwe 6 ndi ofanana ndi acoustic: mi, si, sol, re, la, mi.

Zingwe zimatha "kumasulidwa" kuti phokoso likhale lolemera. Nthawi zambiri, chingwe cha 6, chokhuthala "chimamasulidwa" kuchokera ku "mi" kupita ku "re" ndi pansi. Zimatuluka dongosolo lomwe limakondedwa ndi magulu achitsulo, omwe dzina lake ndi "dontho". Mu magitala amagetsi a zingwe 7, chingwe chapansi nthawi zambiri "chimamasulidwa" mu "B".

Phokoso la gitala lamagetsi limaperekedwa ndi ma pickups: zovuta za maginito ndi waya wozungulira iwo. Pamlanduwo, amatha kuwoneka ngati mbale zachitsulo.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chojambulacho ndikusintha kwa kugwedezeka kwa zingwe kukhala kugunda kwapano. Pang'onopang'ono zimachitika motere:

• Kugwedezeka kwa chingwe kumafalikira kumunda wopangidwa ndi maginito.
• Mu gitala yolumikizidwa koma yopumula, kulumikizana ndi chojambula sikupangitsa mphamvu ya maginito kugwira ntchito.
• Kukhudza kwa woimba ku chingwe kumatsogolera ku maonekedwe a magetsi mu koyilo.
• Mawaya amanyamula zamakono kupita ku amplifier.

Nkhani ya

M'zaka za m'ma 1920, oimba nyimbo za blues ndi jazz ankagwiritsa ntchito gitala la acoustic, koma pamene mitunduyi inayamba, mphamvu yake ya sonic inayamba kusowa. Mu 1923, injiniya Lloyd Gore adatha kubwera ndi chojambula chamtundu wa electrostatic. Mu 1931, Georges Beauchamps adapanga chojambula chamagetsi. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya gitala magetsi.

Gitala yoyamba yamagetsi padziko lapansi idatchedwa "Frying pan" chifukwa cha thupi lake lachitsulo. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30, okonda adayesa kuyika zithunzi pa gitala lopanda kanthu la Chisipanishi kuchokera ku mtundu wakale, koma kuyesaku kudapangitsa kuti phokosolo lisokonezeke, mawonekedwe a phokoso. Akatswiri athandiza kuthetsa vutolo pogwiritsa ntchito makhokodwe aŵiri a mbali ina yakumbuyo, akuchepetsa mphamvu ya phokoso.

Mu 1950, wamalonda Leo Fender adayambitsa magitala a Esquire, pambuyo pake zitsanzo za Broadcaster ndi Telecaster zidawonekera pamsika. The Stratocaster, mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa gitala lamagetsi, unayambitsidwa pamsika mu 1954. Mu 1952, Gibson anatulutsa Les Paul, gitala yamagetsi yomwe inakhala imodzi mwa miyezo. Gitala yamagetsi yazingwe 8 yoyamba ya Ibanez idapangidwa kuti iyitanitsa ovina zitsulo zaku Sweden a Meshuggah.

Mitundu ya magitala amagetsi

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magitala amagetsi ndi kukula kwake. Magitala ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa makamaka ndi Fender. Chida chodziwika bwino kwambiri chamtunduwu ndi Hard Tail Stratocaster.

Mitundu yodziwika ya magitala amagetsi ndi mawonekedwe azogulitsa:

• Stratocaster ndi mtundu waku America wokhala ndi zithunzi 3 ndikusintha kwanjira 5 kuti muwonjezere kuphatikiza kwamawu.
• Superstrat - poyambirira mtundu wa stratocaster wokhala ndi zida zapamwamba. Tsopano superstrat ndi gulu lalikulu la magitala, losiyana ndi omwe adayambitsa kale mumzere wachilendo wa thupi lopangidwa ndi matabwa amtundu wina, komanso mutu, chingwe chogwiritsira ntchito.
• Lespol ndi mtundu wosinthika wa mawonekedwe okongola okhala ndi thupi la mahogany.
• Telecaster - gitala lamagetsi, lopangidwa m'njira yosavuta ya phulusa kapena alder.
• SG ndi chida choyambirira cha nyanga chopangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi.
• The Explorer ndi gitala yooneka ngati nyenyezi yokhala ndi mawu osinthira m'mphepete mwa thupi.
• Randy Rhoads ndi gitala lalifupi lamagetsi. Ndibwino kuti muwerenge mwachangu.
• Flying V ndi gitala yowonongeka yomwe imakondedwa ndi oimba zitsulo. Malingana ndi izo, Mfumu V inapangidwa - chitsanzo cha gitala Robbin Crosby, wotchedwa "mfumu".
• BC Rich ndi magitala okongola a rocker. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo Mockingbird, yomwe idawonekera mu 1975, ndi Warlock yamagetsi ndi gitala ya bass yokhala ndi "satanic" body contour for heavy metal.
• The Firebird ndiye mtundu woyamba wolimba wa Gibson kuyambira 1963.
• Jazzmaster ndi gitala yamagetsi yopangidwa kuyambira 1958. "Chiuno" cha thupi chimachotsedwa kuti chikhale chosavuta Sewero lakhala, popeza jazzmen, mosiyana ndi rockers, samasewera ayi.

Njira zoyimbira gitala lamagetsi

Kusankhidwa kwa njira zosewerera gitala yamagetsi ndikwabwino, kumatha kulumikizidwa ndikusinthana. Njira zodziwika kwambiri:

• nyundo - kumenya ndi zala perpendicular kwa ndege ya fretboard pa zingwe;
• kukoka - mosiyana ndi njira yapitayi - kuswa zala kuchokera ku zingwe zomveka;
• pindani - chingwe choponderezedwa chimayenda mozungulira pa fretboard, phokoso limakhala lokwera;
• slide - kusuntha zala kutalika kwa zingwe mmwamba ndi pansi;
• vibrato - kunjenjemera kwa chala pa chingwe;
• trill - kubweza kwina mwachangu kwa zolemba ziwiri;
• rake - kudutsa zingwe ndi mawonetseredwe a cholemba chomaliza, nthawi yomweyo mzere wa chingwe umatsekedwa ndi chala chakumanzere;
• flageolet - kukhudza pang'ono ndi chala cha chingwe pamwamba pa 3,5,7, 12 nut, kenako ndikutola ndi plectrum;
• kugogoda - kusewera cholemba choyamba ndi chala chakumanja, kenako kusewera ndi zala zakumanzere.

kugwiritsa

Nthawi zambiri, magitala amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwedeza mbali zonse, kuphatikizapo punk ndi thanthwe lina. Phokoso laukali ndi "long'ambika" limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rock rock, soft and polyphonic - mwa anthu.

Gitala yamagetsi imasankhidwa ndi oimba a jazz ndi blues, kawirikawiri ndi oimba pop ndi disco.

Momwe mungasankhire

Njira yabwino kwa oyamba kumene ndi chida cha 6-chingwe 22-fret chokhala ndi sikelo yokhazikika ndi bolt-pakhosi.

Kusankha gitala yoyenera musanagule:

• Yang'anani mankhwala. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zolakwika zakunja, zokopa, tchipisi.
• Mvetserani momwe zingwezo zimamvekera popanda amplifier konse. Osatenga chida ngati phokoso silikumveka bwino, phokoso likumveka.
• Onani ngati khosi ndi lathyathyathya, lolumikizidwa bwino ndi thupi, komanso lomasuka m'manja.
• Yesani kusewera polumikiza chidacho ndi chokulitsa mawu. Onani mtundu wa mawu.
• Onani momwe chojambula chilichonse chimagwirira ntchito. Sinthani mawu ndi mawu. Kusintha kwa mawu kuyenera kukhala kosalala, popanda phokoso lakunja.
• Ngati pali woimba wodziwika bwino, m'pempheni kuti aziimba nyimbo yodziwika bwino. Ziyenera kumveka zoyera.

Gitala yamagetsi ndiyotsika mtengo, choncho samalani kugula kwanu. Chida chabwino chidzakhala nthawi yayitali, kukulolani kuti muwongolere luso lanu loimba popanda mavuto.