Nyimbo zapadera |

Nyimbo zenizeni (French musice concrite) - nyimbo zomveka zopangidwa ndi kujambula pa tepi dec. phokoso lachilengedwe kapena lochita kupanga, kusintha kwawo, kusakaniza ndi kusintha. Zamakono Njira yojambulira maginito ya mawu imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha mawu (mwachitsanzo, kufulumizitsa ndi kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa tepiyo, komanso kuisuntha kumbali ina), sakanizani (polemba nthawi imodzi zojambula zingapo zosiyana). pa tepi) ndi kuwayika iwo motsatira ndondomeko iliyonse. Ku K.m., kumlingo wakutiwakuti, mawu a anthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. mawu ndi nyimbo. zida, komabe zopangira zomanga. K.m. ndi mitundu yonse ya phokoso lomwe limachitika m'moyo. K.m. - imodzi mwazochitika zamakono zamakono. zarub. nyimbo. Othandizira a K.m. kulungamitsa njira yawo yopangira nyimbo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa. Kamvekedwe ka nyimbo kakulepheretsa woiimbayo, ndipo woiimbayo ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito popanga nyimbo yake. mawu aliwonse. Iwo amaganiza kuti K.m. monga luso latsopano mu gawo la nyimbo. art-va, wokhoza kusintha ndikusintha mitundu yakale ya nyimbo. M'malo mwake, kupanga zida zophatikizika, zomwe zimasweka ndi dongosolo la phula, sizikukulirakulira, koma zimachepetsa kuthekera kofotokozera luso linalake. zomwe zili. Njira yopangidwa bwino yopangira CM (kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za "kusintha" ndi kusakaniza zomveka - zomwe zimatchedwa "phonogen" ndi kiyibodi, chojambulira chojambulira chokhala ndi ma disks 3, ndi zina) ndizofunika zodziwika kokha gwiritsani ntchito ngati "mapangidwe aphokoso" pazoseweredwa, magawo apawokha amafilimu, ndi zina.

"Woyambitsa" wa K. m., woimira wake wotchuka kwambiri komanso wofalitsa nkhani zabodza, ndi French. injiniya wamayimbidwe P. Schaeffer, yemwe anapereka malangizowa ndi dzina lake. Ntchito zake zoyamba za "konkriti" zinayambira ku 1948: phunziro "Turniquet" ("Ütude aux tourniquets"), "Study Railway" ("Ütude aux chemins de fer") ndi masewero ena, omwe mu 1948 adafalitsidwa ndi Franz. wailesi pansi pa dzina wamba. “Noise Concert” Mu 1949, P. Henri anagwirizana ndi Schaeffer; pamodzi analenga “Symphony for one person” (“Symphonie pour un homme seul”). Mu 1951 pansi pa Franz. wailesi, kuyesera "Gulu la Studies mu Field of Concrete Music" linakonzedwa, lomwe linaphatikizapo olemba nyimbo - P. Boulez, P. Henri, O. Messiaen, A. Jolivet, F. Arthuis ndi ena (ena mwa iwo adalenga mosiyana). ntchito za K.m.). Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe chatsopanocho sichinapeze othandizira okha, komanso otsutsa, posakhalitsa chinadutsa dzikolo. chimango. Osati anthu a ku France okha omwe anayamba kubwera ku Paris, komanso alendo. olemba omwe adatengera luso lopanga nyimbo zachikale. Mu 1958, motsogozedwa ndi Schaeffer, Zaka khumi zapadziko lonse za Nyimbo Zoyeserera zidachitika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Schaeffer adalongosolanso mwatsatanetsatane ntchito za gulu lake, lomwe kuyambira nthawi imeneyo linkadziwika kuti "Gulu la Kafukufuku wanyimbo pansi pa Franz. wailesi ndi TV”. Gululi limasangalala ndi thandizo la UNESCO International Music Council. Franz. magazini ya “La revue musicale” yoperekedwa ku mavuto a K. m. atatu apadera. manambala (1957, 1959, 1960).

Zothandizira: Mafunso a Musicology. Yearbook, vol. 2, 1955, M., 1956, p. 476-477; Shneerson G., Za nyimbo zamoyo ndi zakufa, M., 1964, p. 311-318; wake, French nyimbo za XX atumwi, M., 1970, p. 366; Schaeffer P., A la recherche d une musique concrite, P., 1952; Scriabine Marina, Pierre Boulez et la musique concrite, "RM", 1952, No 215; Baruch GW, Was is Musique concrite?, Melos, Jahrg. XX, 1953; Keller W., Elektronische Musik und Musique concrite, “Merkur”, Jahrg. IX, H. 9, 1955; Roullin J., Musique concrite…, in: Klangstruktur der Musik, hrsg. voni Fr. Winckel, B., 1955, S. 109-132; Amakumana ndi nyimbo. Musiques concrite electronique extoque, "La Revue musicale", P., 1959, No 244; Vers une musique experimentale, ibid., R., 1957, No 236 (Numéro spécial); Casini C, L impiego nella colonna sonora delia musica elettronica e della concreta, mu: Musica e film, Roma, 1959, p. 179-93; Schaeffer P., Musique concrite et connaissance de l objet musical, "Revue Belge de Musicologie", XIII, 1959; Zochitika. Paris. Juni. 1959. Par le groupe de recherches musicales de la Radiodiffusion-Télévision française…, “La Revue musicale”, P., 1960, No 247; Judd F. C, Electronic music and musice concrite, L., 1961; Schaeffer P., Traité des objets musicaux, P., 1966.

GM Schneerson