Enharmonism |

kuchokera ku Greek enarmonios - enharmonic, lit. - makonsonanti, makonsonanti, ogwirizana

Kufanana pamawu amtundu wosiyanasiyana m'malembedwe (mwachitsanzo, des = cis), nthawi (mwachitsanzo,

zotengera (as-c-es-ges=as-c-es-fis=gis-his-dis-fis etc.), makiyi (Fis-dur=Ges-dur). Lingaliro la "E". imatengera mawonekedwe a 12-step (mofanana) (onani Kutentha). Zinayamba kugwirizana ndi kukonzanso kwa nthawi za mbadwo wakale - chromatic ndi enharmonic (onani Chromatism, Enharmonic) - ndi kugwirizana kwa phokoso la magulu atatu onse (pamodzi ndi diatonic) mkati mwa sikelo imodzi; motero, pakati pa phokoso la diatonic. kamvekedwe kathunthu, phokoso la masitepe otsika ndi apamwamba amayikidwa, mwachitsanzo. (c) -des-cis-(d) ndi commatic kusiyana pakati pa utali wawo (wolemba P. de Beldemandis, kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 15; onani: Coussemaker E., Scriptorum…, t. 3, p. 257-58; y H . Vicentino, 1555). Kusungidwa mu terminology ya theoretical. treatises, enharmonics akale (kumene microintervals ankasiyana mu msinkhu) m'zaka za m'ma 18, monga temperament kufalikira, makamaka yunifolomu temperament, mu latsopano European E. (kumene microintervals Mwachitsanzo, eis ndi des, kale likugwirizana mu msinkhu). Lingaliro la "E". amasiyana mu uwiri: E. monga chisonyezero cha magwiridwe antchito (yosagwira kapena yongoganiza E.; mwachitsanzo, mu Bach mu voliyumu 1 ya Well-Tempered Clavier, kufanana kwa makiyi es-moll ndi dis-moll mu 8th. chiyambi ndi fugue; mu Beethoven mu Adagio 8th fi. Sonata E-dur=Fes-dur) ndi monga chisonyezero cha kusalingana magwiridwe antchito (“detemperation”, AS Ogolevets; malinga ndi lamulo la mawu akuti “lakuthwa pamwamba pa lathyathyathya”), zobisika, koma kusungidwa pansi pa chivundikiro cha temperament ( yogwira kapena yeniyeni E., mwachitsanzo, mu anharmonic modulation kupyolera mu hf-as-d=hf-gis-d poyambitsa kubwereza mu cavatina ya Gorislava kuchokera ku Glinka's Ruslan ndi Lyudmila).

Zojambulajambula. kugwiritsa ntchito E. ku Ulaya. nyimbo ndi chiyambi. Zaka za zana la 16 (A. Willart, duet “Quid non ebrietas”); E. ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chromatic. madrigal a zaka za 16-17, makamaka sukulu ya Venetian. Kuyambira nthawi ya JS Bach, yakhala njira yofunikira yosinthira mwadzidzidzi, ndipo kuzungulira kwa makiyi a 30 akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono kutengera izo kwakhala kofunikira pazakale-zachikondi. nyimbo modulation sphere mawonekedwe. Mu dongosolo la tonal chromatic zaka za zana la 20 maubale a E. amasamutsidwanso kumalumikizidwe a intratonal, mwachitsanzo. kumayambiriro kwa gawo la 3 la 6 fp. Sonata ya Prokofiev, chord nVI> ya digiri (mbali yathyathyathya) imamveka momveka bwino ndi phokoso la enharmonic lofanana nalo mu digiri yachisanu (mbali yakuthwa; mu kujambula kwa chigawocho - kuphweka kwa enharmonic):

SS Prokofiev 6th sonata ya piyano, gawo III.

Kukhazikika kwa E. kumafika pamlingo wokulirapo mu nyimbo zamitundu 12, momwe kusintha kwa enharmonic kumakhala kosalekeza (kwa chitsanzo chanyimbo cha E., onani nkhani yakuti Dodecaphony).

Zothandizira: Renchitsky PN, Kuphunzitsa za anharmonism, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Chiyambi cha kulingalira kwamakono kwa nyimbo, M.-L., 1946; Tyulin Yu. (H.), A Short theoretical course in harmony, L., 1960, yosinthidwa. ndi kuwonjezera., M., 1978; Pereverzev N. (K.), Mavuto a nyimbo, M., 1966; Sposobin IV, Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969; Beldemandis P. de., Libellus monocordi (1413), in Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii aevi. Novam seriem…, t. 3, Parisiis, 1869, faksi. kutulutsanso Hildesheim, 1963; Vicentino N., L'antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica…, Roma, 1555, facsimile. kutulutsanso Kassel, 1959; Scheibe JA, Compendium musices… (c. 1730-36), in Benary P., Die deutsche Kompositionslehre des 18. Jahrhunderts, Lpz., 1961; Levitan JS, awiri otchuka a A. Willaert, "Tijdschrift der Vereeniging vor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis", 1938, bd 15; Lowinsky EE, Tonality ndi atonality mu nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, Berk.-Los Ang., 1961.

Yu. N. Kholopov