Isaac Albeniz |
Isabella albeniz
Nyimbo zapamwamba komanso zodabwitsa za Albeniz tingaziyerekeze ndi chikho chodzaza ndi vinyo wosasa, wotenthedwa ndi dzuwa la Mediterranean. F. Pedrel
Dzina la I. Albeniz silingasiyanitsidwe ndi njira yatsopano ya nyimbo za Chisipanishi Renacimiento, yomwe inayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 10-6. Woyambitsa gululi anali F. Pedrel, amene analimbikitsa kutsitsimuka kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko la Spain. Albéniz ndi E. Granados adapanga zitsanzo zoyambirira za nyimbo zatsopano za Chisipanishi, ndipo ntchito ya M. de Falla inakhala pachimake pazochitikazi. Renacimiento inalandira moyo wonse waluso wa dzikolo. Anapezeka ndi olemba, olemba ndakatulo, ojambula: R. Valle-Inklan, X. Jimenez, A. Machado, R. Pidal, M. Unamuno. Albéniz anabadwa makilomita 1868 kuchokera kumalire a France. Luso lapadera loimba linamulola kuti aziimba ndi mlongo wake wamkulu Clementine mu konsati yapagulu ku Barcelona ali ndi zaka zinayi. Zinali kuchokera kwa mlongo wake kuti mnyamatayo analandira chidziwitso choyamba chokhudza nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka XNUMX, Albeniz, limodzi ndi amayi ake, adapita ku Paris, komwe adaphunzira maphunziro a piyano kuchokera kwa Pulofesa A. Marmontel. Mu XNUMX, nyimbo yoyamba ya woimbayo, "Military March" ya piyano, idasindikizidwa ku Madrid.
Mu 1869, banja linasamukira ku Madrid, ndipo mnyamatayo analowa m'kalasi ya M. Mendisabal. Ali ndi zaka 10, Albeniz anathawa kwawo kuti akapeze ulendo. Ku Cadiz, adamangidwa ndikutumizidwa kwa makolo ake, koma Albeniz amatha kukwera sitima yopita ku South America. Ku Buenos Aires, amakhala ndi moyo wodzaza ndi zovuta, mpaka m'modzi mwa anthu amtundu wake amupangira ma concert angapo ku Argentina, Uruguay ndi Brazil.
Atapita ku Cuba ndi ku USA, kumene Albeniz, kuti asafe ndi njala, amagwira ntchito padoko, mnyamatayo anafika ku Leipzig, kumene amaphunzira ku Conservatory m'kalasi la S. Jadasson (zolemba) ndi kusukulu. kalasi ya K. Reinecke (piyano). M'tsogolomu, adachita bwino ku Brussels Conservatory - imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri ku Ulaya, piyano ndi L. Brassin, komanso polemba ndi F. Gevaart.
Chikoka chachikulu pa Albeniz chinali msonkhano wake ndi F. Liszt ku Budapest, kumene woimba wa ku Spain anafika. Liszt adavomera kuti atsogolere Albeniz, ndipo izi zokha zinali kuwunika kwakukulu kwa talente yake. Mu 80s - oyambirira 90s. Albeniz amatsogolera yogwira ndi bwino konsati ntchito, maulendo m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya (Germany, England, France) ndi America (Mexico, Cuba). Kuyimba piyano kwake kokongola kumakopa anthu amasiku ano ndi nzeru zake komanso ukulu wake. Atolankhani aku Spain adagwirizana kuti "Spanish Rubinstein". "Popanga nyimbo zake, Albéniz amakumbukira za Rubinstein," Pedrel analemba.
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1894, wolemba nyimboyo ankakhala ku Paris, komwe anasintha nyimbo zake ndi oimba otchuka a ku France monga P. Dukas ndi V. d'Andy. Amapanga maubwenzi apamtima ndi C. Debussy, yemwe umunthu wake wolenga unakhudza kwambiri Albeniz, nyimbo zake zaposachedwapa. M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, Albéniz adatsogolera gulu la Renacimiento, pozindikira mfundo zokongola za Pedrel mu ntchito yake. Ntchito zabwino kwambiri za wolembayo ndi zitsanzo za dziko lenileni komanso nthawi yomweyo kalembedwe koyambirira. Albeniz atembenukira kumitundu yodziwika bwino yanyimbo ndi zovina (malagena, sevillana), ndikusinthiranso nyimbo zomwe zidadziwika kumadera osiyanasiyana a Spain. Nyimbo zake zonse zimadzaza ndi mawu amtundu wa anthu komanso mawu.
Mwa cholowa chachikulu cha wolemba nyimbo wa Albeniz (zosewerera zamasewera ndi mawu, zarzuela, ntchito za oimba, mawu), nyimbo za piyano ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kukopa kwa nthano zanyimbo za ku Spain, "zojambula zagolide" izi, mwa mawu a wolembayo, zidakhudza kwambiri chitukuko chake chopanga. M'zolemba zake za piyano, Albéniz amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nyimbo zamtundu, kuziphatikiza ndi njira zamakono zolembera olemba. M'mapangidwe a piyano, nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva kulira kwa zida zamtundu wina - maseche, zitoliro, makamaka magitala. Pogwiritsa ntchito kayimbidwe kanyimbo ndi mitundu yovina ya Castile, Aragon, Basque Country komanso makamaka Andalusia, Albeniz nthawi zambiri samangogwiritsa ntchito mawu achindunji a mitu ya anthu. Nyimbo zake zabwino kwambiri: "Spanish Suite", suite "Spain" op. 165, kuzungulira "nyimbo zaku Spain" op. 232, kuzungulira kwa zidutswa 12 "Iberia" (1905-07) - zitsanzo za nyimbo zamakono za njira yatsopano, kumene maziko a dziko amaphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zamakono zamakono.
V. Ilyeva
Isaac Albeniz ankakhala mwamphepo, wosakhazikika, ndi chilakolako chonse cha chilakolako chomwe adadzipereka yekha kuntchito yake yokondedwa. Ubwana ndi unyamata wake zili ngati buku losangalatsa laulendo. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zinayi, Albeniz anayamba kuphunzira kuimba piyano. Iwo anayesa kumutumiza ku Paris, kenako ku Madrid Conservatory. Koma ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, mnyamatayo anathawa panyumba n’kukaimba m’makonsati. Anamutengera kunyumba n’kuthawanso, ulendo uno kunka ku South America. Albéniz panthawiyo anali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri; anapitiriza kuchita. Zaka zotsatira zikupita mosiyanasiyana: mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, Albeniz anachita m’mizinda ya America, England, Germany, ndi Spain. M'maulendo ake, adatenga maphunziro a nthanthi yakulemba (kuchokera kwa Carl Reinecke, Solomon Jadasson ku Leipzig, ku Francois Gevaart ku Brussels).
Msonkhano ndi Liszt mu 1878 - Albeniz anali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu - zinali zotsimikiza za tsogolo lake. Kwa zaka ziwiri anatsagana ndi Liszt kulikonse, kukhala wophunzira wake wapamtima.
Kuyankhulana ndi Liszt kunakhudza kwambiri Albeniz, osati nyimbo zokha, koma mozama - chikhalidwe, makhalidwe abwino. Amawerenga kwambiri (olemba ake omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi Turgenev ndi Zola), kukulitsa luso lake laukadaulo. Liszt, amene anayamikira kwambiri mawonetseredwe a mfundo dziko mu nyimbo choncho anapereka mowolowa manja thandizo la makhalidwe abwino kwa oimba Russian (kuchokera Glinka kuti The Mighty Handful), ndi Smetana, ndi Grieg, kudzutsa chikhalidwe cha dziko Albeniz luso. Kuyambira pano, pamodzi ndi woimba piyano, amadziperekanso pakupanga.
Atadzipanga kukhala wangwiro pansi pa Liszt, Albéniz anakhala woimba piyano pamlingo waukulu. Tsiku lopambana la zisudzo zake za konsati likugwera pazaka za 1880-1893. Panthawiyi, kuchokera ku Barcelona, komwe ankakhala kale, Albeniz anasamukira ku France. Mu 1893, Albeniz anadwala mwakayakaya, ndipo kenako matendawo anam’goneka pabedi. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka makumi anayi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi.
Cholowa chopanga cha Albéniz ndi chachikulu - chili ndi nyimbo pafupifupi mazana asanu, zomwe pafupifupi mazana atatu ndi za pianoforte; pakati pa ena onse - ma opera, ntchito za symphonic, zachikondi, ndi zina zotero. Pankhani ya mtengo waluso, cholowa chake ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Wojambula wamkulu uyu, wolunjika m'malingaliro analibe kudziletsa. Analemba mosavuta komanso mwachangu, ngati kuti akuwongolera, koma nthawi zonse sankatha kuwunikira zofunikira, kutaya zosafunika, ndi kugonjera ku zisonkhezero zosiyanasiyana.
Kotero, mu ntchito zake zoyambirira - mothandizidwa ndi castisismo - pali zambiri zapamwamba, salon. Zinthu zimenezi nthawi zina zinasungidwa m’mabuku apambuyo pake. Ndipo apa pali chitsanzo china: m'zaka za m'ma 90, pa nthawi ya kukhwima kwake kulenga, akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu azachuma, Albeniz adagwirizana kuti alembe ma opera angapo omwe adalamulidwa ndi munthu wolemera wa Chingerezi yemwe adawapangira libretto; Mwachibadwa, ma opera amenewa sanapambane. Pomaliza, m'zaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazi za moyo wake, Albéniz adakhudzidwa ndi olemba ena a ku France (koposa zonse, bwenzi lake, Paul Duc).
Ndipo komabe muzochita zabwino kwambiri za Albéniz - ndipo pali ambiri aiwo! - umunthu wake wapadziko lonse umamveka kwambiri. Zinadziwika bwino pakufufuza koyambirira kwa wolemba wachinyamatayo - m'zaka za m'ma 80, ndiye kuti, ngakhale asanatulutsidwe kwa manifesto ya Pedrel.
Ntchito zabwino kwambiri za Albéniz ndizomwe zimawonetsa nyimbo ndi zovina zamtundu wa anthu, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a Spain. Izi ndi, kupatulapo ntchito zochepa za okhestra, zidutswa za piyano zoperekedwa ndi mayina a zigawo, zigawo, mizinda ndi midzi ya kwawo kwa wolemba nyimboyo. (Albéniz's best zarzuela, Pepita Jiménez (1896), ayeneranso kutchulidwa. Pedrel (Celestina, 1905), ndipo kenako de Falla (Moyo Wachidule, 1913) analemba m'gululi pamaso pake.). Izi ndizophatikiza "nyimbo za ku Spain", "zidutswa zamakhalidwe", "zovina zaku Spain" kapena suites "Spain", "Iberia" (dzina lakale la Spain), "Catalonia". Pakati pa mayina amasewera otchuka omwe timakumana nawo: "Cordoba", "Granada", "Seville", "Navarra", "Malaga", ndi zina zotero. Albeniz adaperekanso masewero ake maudindo ovina ("Seguidilla", "Malaguena", "Polo" ndi zina).
Zokwanira komanso zosunthika pantchito za Albeniz zidapanga mawonekedwe a Andalusian a flamenco. Zidutswa za woipekayo zikuphatikizapo kayimbidwe kake, kamvekedwe kake, ndi kamvekedwe kamene tafotokozazi. Woyimba wowolowa manja, adapereka nyimbo zake za chithumwa:
M'mayimbidwe, matembenuzidwe akum'mawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
Pochulukitsa mawuwo m'makonzedwe ambiri, Albeniz adakonzanso kamvekedwe ka mawu a zida zomveka:
Iye anafotokoza bwino chiyambi cha phokoso la gitala pa piyano:
Ngati tiwonanso zauzimu zandakatulo za ulaliki ndi kalembedwe kofotokozera (zokhudzana ndi Schumann ndi Grieg), zikuwonekeratu kufunika kwakukulu komwe kumayenera kuperekedwa kwa Albeniz m'mbiri ya nyimbo za Chisipanishi.
M. Druskin
Mndandanda wachidule wa nyimbo:
Piano imagwira ntchito Nyimbo za Chisipanishi (zidutswa 5) "Spain" (6 "Album Sheets") Spanish suite (8 zidutswa) Zidutswa zamakhalidwe (zidutswa 12) 6 Zovina zaku Spain Zoyamba ndi Zachiwiri zakale (zidutswa 10) "Iberia", suite (zidutswa 12 mwa zinayi zolemba)
Ntchito za orchestra "Catalonia", suite
Opera ndi zarzuelas “Magic Opal” (1893) “Saint Anthony” (1894) “Henry Clifford” (1895) “Pepita Jimenez” (1896) The King Arthur trilogy (Merlin, Lancelot, Ginevra, yosamalizidwa komaliza) (1897-1906)
Nyimbo ndi Romance (pafupifupi 15)
