Erich Leinsdorf |

Erich Leinsdorf

Leinsdorf ndi wochokera ku Austria. Ku Vienna, adaphunzira nyimbo - poyamba motsogoleredwa ndi amayi ake, ndiyeno ku Academy of Music (1931-1933); anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Salzburg, komwe anali wothandizira Bruno Walter ndi Arturo Toscanini kwa zaka zinayi. Ndipo ngakhale zonsezi, dzina la Leinsdorf linadziwika ku Ulaya kokha pakati pa zaka za m'ma sikisite, pamene adatsogolera Boston Symphony Orchestra ndipo amatchedwa otsutsa ndi ofalitsa ku United States "woimba wa 1963."

Pakati pa zaka za maphunziro ndi kupindula kwa kuzindikirika kwa dziko lapansi pali nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito ndi Leinsdorf, kuyenda kosasunthika koma kosasunthika. Anaitanidwa ku America pa ntchito ya woimba wotchuka Lotta Lehman, amene anagwira naye ntchito mu Salzburg, ndipo anakhalabe m'dziko lino. Mayendedwe ake oyamba anali akulonjeza - Leinsdorf adapanga kuwonekera kwake ku New York mu Januware 1938, akuchititsa Valkyrie. Pambuyo pake, wotsutsa wina wa New York Times, Noel Strauss analemba kuti: “Ngakhale kuti wakhala zaka 26, wotsogolera watsopanoyo anatsogolera gulu loimba molimba mtima, ndipo, ponse paŵiri, anachita chidwi. Ngakhale kuti panalibe chodabwitsa mu ntchito yake, adawonetsa nyimbo zolimba, ndipo talente yake imalonjeza zambiri.

Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, Bodanzky atamwalira, Leinsdorf anakhaladi wotsogolera wamkulu wa nyimbo ya ku Germany ya Metropolitan Opera ndipo anakhala kumeneko mpaka 1943. Poyamba, akatswiri ambiri aluso anamvomereza moipidwa: kachitidwe kake kanali koipitsitsa. divergent, chikhumbo chake chotsatira mosamalitsa malemba a wolemba ndi miyambo ya Bodanzka, yomwe inalola kupatuka kwakukulu ku miyambo ya ntchito, kufulumizitsa mayendedwe ndi mabala. Koma pang'onopang'ono Leinsdorf anakwanitsa kupambana kutchuka ndi ulemu wa oimba ndi soloists. Kale panthawiyo, otsutsa ozindikira, ndipo koposa zonse D. Yuen, adaneneratu za tsogolo labwino kwa iye, kupeza luso ndi machitidwe a wojambula mofanana ndi mphunzitsi wake wamkulu; ena mpaka anamutcha "Toscanini wamng'ono".

Mu 1943, wotsogolera anaitanidwa kuti atsogolere gulu la oimba la Cleveland, koma analibe nthawi yoti azolowere kumeneko, chifukwa analembedwa usilikali, kumene anatumikira kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Pambuyo pake, anakhala kondakitala wamkulu ku Rochester kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi ankayendera mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya ku United States. Kenako kwa nthawi anatsogolera New York City Opera, anachita zisudzo pa Metropolitan Opera. Chifukwa cha mbiri yake yonse yolimba, ochepa akananeneratu za kukwera kwa meteoric. Koma Charles Munsch atalengeza kuti akuchoka ku Boston Orchestra, otsogolera adaganiza zoitana Leinsdorf, yemwe adayimba naye kale. Ndipo sanalakwitse - zaka zotsatila za ntchito ya Leinsdorf ku Boston zidalemeretsa kondakitala ndi timu. Pansi pa Leinsdorf, gulu la oimba linakulitsa nyimbo zake, makamaka zochepa pansi pa Münsche ku nyimbo zachifalansa ndi zidutswa zingapo zachikale. Kuwongolera kwachitsanzo kwa okhestra kwakula. Maulendo angapo aku Europe a Leinsdorf m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuphatikiza zisudzo ku Prague Spring mu 1966, atsimikizira kuti wotsogolerayo tsopano ali pachimake cha talente yake.

Chithunzi chojambula cha Leinsdorf chimagwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri za sukulu yachikondi ya Viennese, yomwe adaphunzira kuchokera kwa Bruno Walter, kukula kwakukulu ndi luso logwira ntchito ndi oimba nyimbo ndi zisudzo, zomwe Toscanini adamupatsa, ndipo pamapeto pake, zochitikazo. adapeza pazaka za ntchito ku USA. Ponena za kukula kwa kalembedwe ka wojambula, izi zikhoza kuyesedwa kuchokera ku zojambula zake. Pakati pawo pali zisudzo zambiri ndi nyimbo za symphonic. Pakati pa oyamba akuyenera kutchedwa "Don Giovanni" ndi "Ukwati wa Figaro" ndi Mozart, "Cio-Cio-san", "Tosca", "Turandot", "La Boheme" ndi Puccini, "Lucia di Lammermoor" ndi Donizetti, "The Barber of Seville" lolemba Rossini , "Macbeth" lolemba Verdi, "Valkyrie" lolemba Wagner, "Ariadne auf Naxos" lolemba Strauss ... Mndandanda wochititsa chidwi kwambiri! Nyimbo za Symphonic ndizolemera komanso zosiyanasiyana: pakati pa zolemba zolembedwa ndi Leinsdorf, timapeza Mahler's First and Fifth Symphonies, Beethoven's ndi Brahms' Thirds, Fifth ya Prokofiev, Jupiter ya Mozart, Dream ya Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night, A Hero's Life Richard Straus Wozzeck wa Berg. Ndipo pakati pa ma concerto omwe adalembedwa ndi Leinsdorf mogwirizana ndi ambuye akuluakulu ndi Second Piano Concerto ya Brahms ndi Richter.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969