Amilcare Ponchielli |

Amilcare Ponchielli

Ponchielli. "La Gioconda". Suicidio (M. Callas)

Dzina la Ponchielli lasungidwa m'mbiri ya nyimbo, chifukwa cha opera imodzi - La Gioconda - ndi ophunzira awiri, Puccini ndi Mascagni, ngakhale kuti m'moyo wake wonse ankadziwa kupambana kumodzi.

Amilcare Ponchielli adabadwa pa 31 Ogasiti 1834 ku Paderno Fasolaro pafupi ndi Cremona, mudzi womwe tsopano ukutchedwa dzina lake. Bambo, mwini shopuyo, anali woimba m’mudzi ndipo anakhala mphunzitsi woyamba wa mwana wawo wamwamuna. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, mnyamatayo adaloledwa ku Milan Conservatory. Pano Ponchielli anaphunzira limba, chiphunzitso ndi zikuchokera kwa zaka khumi ndi chimodzi (ndi Alberto Mazzucato). Pamodzi ndi ophunzira ena atatu, analemba operetta (1851). Atamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, adagwira ntchito iliyonse - woyimba tchalitchi cha Sant'Hilario ku Cremona, woyang'anira gulu la National Guard ku Piacenza. Komabe, nthawi zonse ankalakalaka ntchito yolemba nyimbo za opera. Opera yoyamba ya Ponchielli, The Betrothed, yotengera buku lodziwika bwino la mlembi wamkulu waku Italy wazaka za m'ma 1872, Alessandro Manzoni, adapangidwa ku Cremona kwawo pomwe wolemba wake anali asanadutse zaka makumi awiri. M'zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zotsatira, ma opera ena awiri adawonetsedwa, koma kupambana koyamba kudabwera kokha mu 1874, ndi kope latsopano la The Betrothed. Mu XNUMX, anthu aku Lithuania otengera ndakatulo ya Konrad Wallenrod yolembedwa ndi Adam Mickiewicz wa ku Poland adawona kuwala kwa tsiku, chaka chotsatira chopereka cha cantata Donizetti chidachitika, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi Gioconda adawonekera, ndikupangitsa wolembayo kupambana kwenikweni.

Ponchielli adayankha kumwalira kwa anthu a m'nthawi yake ndi nyimbo za orchestra: monga Verdi mu Requiem, adalemekeza kukumbukira Manzoni ("Funeral Elegy" ndi "Maliro"), kenako Garibaldi ("Triumphal Hymn"). M'zaka za m'ma 1880, Ponchielli adadziwika kwambiri. Mu 1880, iye anali ndi udindo wa pulofesa wa zikuchokera ku Milan Conservatory, patatha chaka chimodzi, udindo wa bandmaster wa Cathedral wa Santa Maria Maggiore ku Bergamo, ndipo mu 1884 anaitanidwa ku St. Apa adzalandira chisangalalo chokhudzana ndi kupanga "Gioconda" ndi "Lithuanians" (pansi pa dzina lakuti "Aldona"). Mu opera otsiriza, Marion Delorme (1885), Ponchielli kachiwiri, monga La Gioconda, anatembenukira ku sewero Viktor Hugo, koma kupambana m'mbuyomu sizinabwere.

Ponchielli anamwalira pa Januware 16, 1886 ku Milan.

A. Koenigsberg

Zolemba:

machitidwe - Savoyarka (La savoiarda, 1861, tr "Concordia", Cremona; 2nd ed. - Lina, 1877, tr "Dal Verme", Milan), Roderich, mfumu yakonzeka (Roderico, re dei Goti, 1863 , tr "Comunale ”, Piacenza), Lithuanians (I lituani, based on the poem “Konrad Wallenrod” by Mickiewicz, 1874, tr “La Scala”, Milan; new ed. – Aldona, 1884, Mariinsky tr, Petersburg), Gioconda (1876, La Scala shopping mall, Milan), Valencian Moors (I mori di Valenza, 1879, yomalizidwa ndi A. Cadore, 1914, Monte Carlo), Prodigal Son (Il figliuol prodigo, 1880, t -r “La Scala”, Milan), Marion Delorme (1885, ibid.); ballet - Amapasa (Le due gemelle, 1873, La Scala shopping mall, Milan), Clarina (1873, Dal Verme shopping mall, Milan); cantata - K Gaetano Donizetti (1875); za orchestra - Meyi 29 (29 Maggio, ulendo wamaliro pokumbukira A. Manzoni, 1873), Hymn to memory of Garibaldi (Sulla tomba di Garibaldi, 1882), etc .; nyimbo zauzimu, zachikondi, etc.