Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius

Sanalandire maphunziro apamwamba oimba. Ali mwana, anaphunzira kuimba violin. Mu 1884 ananyamuka kupita ku USA, kumene ankagwira ntchito m'minda ya malalanje, anapitiriza kuphunzira nyimbo yekha, anatenga maphunziro kwa TF Ward. Anaphunzira nthano za Negro, kuphatikizapo zauzimu, zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu symphonic suite "Florida" (Dilius's debut, 1886), ndakatulo ya symphonic "Hiawatha" (pambuyo pa G. Longfellow), ndakatulo ya kwaya ndi oimba "Appalachian" , opera "Koang" ndi ena. Atabwerera ku Ulaya, anaphunzira ndi H. Sitt, S. Jadasson ndi K. Reinecke ku Leipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

Mu 1887 Dilius anapita ku Norway; Dilius anasonkhezeredwa ndi E. Grieg, amene anayamikira kwambiri luso lake. Pambuyo pake, Dilius analemba nyimbo za sewero la ndale ndi wolemba sewero wa ku Norway G. Heiberg ("Folkeraadet" - "People's Council", 1897); Anabwereranso ku mutu wa Chinorwegian mu ntchito ya symphonic "Sketches of a Northern Country" ndi balladi "Once Upon a Time" ("Eventyr", yochokera ku "Folk Tales of Norway" lolemba P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), nyimbo zozungulira Zolemba za ku Norway ("Lieder auf norwegische Texte" , ku mawu a B. Bjornson ndi G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

M'zaka za m'ma 1900 adatembenukira kwa anthu aku Danish mu opera Fenimore ndi Gerda (zochokera mu buku la Niels Lin lolembedwa ndi EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; post. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); adalembanso nyimbo pa Jacobsen, X. Drachmann ndi L. Holstein. Kuchokera mu 1888 ankakhala ku France, poyamba ku Paris, kenako mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake ku Gre-sur-Loing, pafupi ndi Fontainebleau, amangoyendera dziko lakwawo nthawi zina. Anakumana ndi IA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel ndi F. Schmitt.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 M'ntchito ya Dilius, chikoka cha Impressionists ndi chogwirika, chomwe chimatchulidwa makamaka mu njira zoyimba ndi kukongola kwa phokoso la phokoso. Ntchito ya Dilius, yodziwika ndi chiyambi, ili pafupi kwambiri ndi ndakatulo za Chingerezi ndi zojambula kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20.

Dilius anali m'modzi mwa olemba nyimbo achingelezi oyamba kutembenukira ku magwero a dziko. Zolemba zambiri za Dilius zimadzazidwa ndi zithunzi za chikhalidwe cha Chingerezi, momwe adawonetseranso chiyambi cha moyo wachingelezi. Kujambula kwake kumamveka bwino ndi nyimbo zachikondi, zopatsa moyo - izi ndi nyimbo za oimba ang'onoang'ono: "Kumvetsera ku cuckoo yoyamba m'chaka" ("Pakumva cuckoo yoyamba m'chaka", 1912), "Usiku wa Chilimwe pamtsinje" ("Usiku wachilimwe pamtsinje", 1912), "Nyimbo isanatuluke dzuwa" ("Nyimbo isanatuluke", 1918).

Kuzindikira kunabwera kwa Dilius chifukwa cha ntchito za wochititsa T. Beecham, yemwe adalimbikitsa nyimbo zake ndikukonza chikondwerero choperekedwa ku ntchito yake (1929). Ntchito za Dilius zidaphatikizidwanso m'mapulogalamu ake a GJ Wood.

Ntchito yoyamba yofalitsidwa ya Dilius ndi The Legend (Legende, for violin and orchestra, 1892). Odziwika kwambiri mwa zisudzo zake ndi Rural Romeo ndi Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), osati m'kope loyamba lachijeremani (1, Komische Oper, Berlin), kapena m'Chingerezi ( "A village Romeo ndi Juliet”, “Covent Garden”, London, 1907) sizinaphule kanthu; kokha m’kupanga kwatsopano mu 1910 (ibid.) kumene kunalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi anthu Achingelezi.

Khalidwe la ntchito yowonjezereka ya Dilius ndi ndakatulo yake yoyambirira ya elegiac-pastoral symphonic "Kumapiri ndi kutali" ("Kumapiri ndi kutali", 1895, Spanish 1897), kutengera kukumbukira minda ya moor ya Yorkshire - the dziko la Dilius; pafupi naye mu dongosolo lamalingaliro ndi mitundu yake ndi “Sea Drift” (“Sea-Drift”) yolembedwa ndi W. Whitman, amene ndakatulo yake Dilius anamva mozama ndi kuphatikizidwanso mu “Nyimbo zotsanzikana” (“Nyimbo zotsanzikana”, za kwaya ndi okhestra. , 1930-1932).

Nyimbo za pambuyo pake za Delius zidalembedwa ndi wopeka wodwala kwa mlembi wake E. Fenby, wolemba buku la Delius monga ndimamudziwa (1936). Ntchito zaposachedwa kwambiri za Dilius ndi Song of Summer, Fantastic Dance ndi Irmelin prelude for orchestra, Sonata No. 3 for violin.

Zolemba: operas (6), kuphatikizapo Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore ndi Gerda (1919, Frankfurt); za orc. - zongopeka M'munda wachilimwe (M'munda wachilimwe, 1908), Ndakatulo ya moyo ndi chikondi (ndakatulo ya moyo ndi chikondi, 1919), Mpweya ndi kuvina (Mpweya ndi kuvina, 1925), Nyimbo yachilimwe (Nyimbo yachilimwe , 1930) , suites, rhapsodies, plays; kwa zida zokhala ndi orc. - makonsati 4 (a fp., 1906; a skr., 1916; pawiri - a skr. ndi vlch., 1916; a vlch., 1925), caprice ndi elegy za vlch. (1925); chamber-instr. ensembles - zingwe. quartet (1917), ya Skr. ndi fp. - 3 sonatas (1915, 1924, 1930), chikondi (1896); za fp. - masewero 5 (1921), 3 otsogolera (1923); kwa kwaya ndi orc. - Misa ya Moyo (Eine Messe des Lebens, yochokera pa "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" lolemba F. Nietzsche, 1905), Nyimbo za Sunset (Nyimbo za Sunset, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Song of the High Hills (Nyimbo ya High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Songs of farewell (pambuyo pa Whitman, 1932); kwa kwaya ya cappella - nyimbo ya Wanderer (popanda mawu, 1908), Beauty atsika (The splendor falls, pambuyo pa A. Tennyson, 1924); kwa mawu ndi orc. - Sakuntala (kwa mawu a X. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, malinga ndi W. Whitman, 1930), etc.; nyimbo za sewero. zisudzo, kuphatikiza sewero la "Ghassan, or the Golden Journey to Samarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) ndi ena ambiri. ena