Kodi kukumbukira zizindikiro mu makiyi?

M'magazini yotsatira, tidzakuphunzitsani kuloweza zizindikiro m'makiyi, ndikukudziwitsani za njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo zizindikiro pa kiyi iliyonse.

Tinene nthawi yomweyo kuti mutha kungotenga ndikuphunzira zizindikiro mu makiyi onse ngati tebulo lochulutsa. Sizovuta monga momwe zikuwonekera. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba mizere iyi anachita zomwezo: pokhala wophunzira wa kalasi yachiwiri ya sukulu nyimbo, atakhala mphindi 20-30, iye moona mtima analoweza zimene anauzidwa ndi mphunzitsi, ndipo pambuyo pake panalibenso mavuto. kuloweza. Mwa njira, kwa iwo omwe amakonda njira iyi, komanso kwa aliyense amene akufunikira pepala lachinyengo la maphunziro a solfeggio, kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi padzaperekedwa tebulo la makiyi ndi zizindikiro zawo zokhala ndi mwayi wotsitsa.

Koma ngati ziri chabe kuti mulibe chidwi kuphunzira, kapena ngati inu simungakhoze basi kubweretsa nokha pansi ndi kuphunzira, ndiye kupitiriza kuwerenga zimene takonzerani inu. Tidzadziwa makiyi onse m'njira yomveka. Komanso, phunzitsani - chifukwa cha izi, m'kati mwa nkhaniyi padzakhala ntchito zapadera.

Kodi mu nyimbo muli makiyi angati?

Pazonse, makiyi akuluakulu 30 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• 2 makiyi opanda zizindikiro (kumbukirani nthawi yomweyo - C yaikulu ndi A yaying'ono);
• 14 makiyi okhala ndi lakuthwa (omwe 7 ndi akulu ndipo 7 ndi ang'onoang'ono, pa kiyi iliyonse yayikulu kapena yaying'ono palinso yakuthwa imodzi mpaka XNUMX);
• Makiyi 14 okhala ndi ma flats (kuphatikiza 7 akuluakulu ndi 7 ang'onoang'ono, iliyonse ili ndi nyumba imodzi mpaka XNUMX).

Makiyi omwe nambala yofanana ya zilembo, ndiye kuti, nambala yofanana ya ma flats kapena akuthwa, amatchedwa mafungulo ofananira. Mafungulo ofanana "alipo awiriawiri": imodzi mwa izo ndi yaikulu, ina ndi yaying'ono. Mwachitsanzo: C yaikulu ndi A yaying'ono ndi makiyi ofanana, popeza ali ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha zilembo - ziro (iwo palibe: palibe lakuthwa kapena flats). Kapena chitsanzo china: G chachikulu ndi E minor alinso makiyi ofanana okhala ndi lakuthwa limodzi (F wakuthwa muzochitika zonse ziwiri).

Ma tonic a makiyi ofanana ali patali ndi kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chake, ngati tidziwa fungulo lililonse, ndiye kuti titha kupeza lofananira ndikupeza kuti lidzakhala ndi zizindikiro zingati. Mutha kuwerenga za mafungulo ofanana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yapitayi patsamba lathu. Muyenera kuwapeza mwachangu, kotero tiyeni tikumbukire malamulo ena.

Lamulo nambala 1. Kuti tipeze wachichepere wofananira, timapanga kachitatu kakang'ono kutsika kuchokera ku digiri yoyamba ya kiyi yayikulu yoyambirira. Mwachitsanzo: kiyi ndi F-yaikulu, yachitatu yaying'ono kuchokera ku F ndi FD, chifukwa chake, D-yaing'ono idzakhala fungulo lofananira la F lalikulu.

Lamulo nambala 2. Kuti tipeze chachikulu chofananira, timapanga chaching'ono chachitatu, m'malo mwake, kupita m'mwamba kuchokera pa sitepe yoyamba ya fungulo laling'ono lomwe tikudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, tonality ya G yaying'ono imaperekedwa, timamanga pang'ono pachitatu kuchokera ku G, timapeza phokoso la B-flat, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti B-flat yaikulu idzakhala fungulo lofunika lofanana.

Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji makiyi akuthwa ndi athyathyathya ndi dzina?

Tiyeni tisungire malo nthawi yomweyo kuti palibe chifukwa choloweza chilichonse nthawi imodzi. Choyamba, ndi bwino kuzilingalira, kokha ndi makiyi akuluakulu, chifukwa padzakhala zizindikiro zofanana muzofanana zazing'ono.

Ndiye, mungasiyanitse bwanji pakati pa makiyi akuthwa ndi athyathyathya? Zosavuta kwambiri!

Mayina a makiyi athyathyathya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawu oti "flat": B-flat major, E-flat major, A-flat major, D-flat major, ndi zina zotero. Kupatulapo ndi fungulo la F lalikulu, lomwe lilinso lathyathyathya, ngakhale mawu akuti flat sanatchulidwe m'dzina lake. Ndiko kuti, mwa kuyankhula kwina, m'makiyi monga G-flat yaikulu, C-flat yaikulu kapena F yaikulu, padzakhaladi ma flats ofunikira (kuyambira chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri).

Mayina a makiyi akuthwa mwina samatchula mwangozi, kapena mawu akuti kuthwa alipo. Mwachitsanzo, makiyi a G chachikulu, D chachikulu, A chachikulu, F chakuthwa chachikulu, C chakuthwa chachikulu, ndi zina zambiri. Koma apa, kunena, palinso zosavuta. C chachikulu, monga mukudziwa, ndi kiyi wopanda zizindikiro, chifukwa chake sichigwira ntchito pakuthwa. Ndipo chimodzi chinanso - kachiwiri, F yaikulu (ndi kiyi yathyathyathya, monga tanenera kale).

Ndipo tiyeni tibwereze kachiwiri malamulo. Ngati pali mawu oti "lathyathyathya" pamutu, ndiye kuti fungulo ndi lathyathyathya (kupatulapo ndi F yaikulu - komanso lathyathyathya). Ngati palibe mawu oti "lathyathyathya" kapena pali mawu akuti "lakuthwa", ndiye kuti fungulo ndi lakuthwa (kupatulapo ndi C yaikulu popanda zizindikiro ndi F yaikulu).

Kuwongolera kwakanthawi komanso dongosolo lokhazikika

Tisanapitirire kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa zizindikiro zenizeni mu kiyi inayake, timayamba kulimbana ndi malingaliro monga dongosolo la sharps ndi dongosolo la ma flats. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zowomba ndi ma flats mu makiyi amawoneka pang'onopang'ono osati mwachisawawa, koma motsatizana motsatizana.

Dongosolo la sharps ndi motere: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Ndipo, ngati pali lakuthwa limodzi lokha pamlingo, ndiye kuti lidzakhala lakuthwa ndendende F, osati lina. Ngati pali fungulo zitatu zakuthwa, ndiye, motsatira, izi zidzakhala F, C ndi G-lakuthwa. Ngati pali zakuthwa zisanu, ndiye F-lakuthwa, C-lakuthwa, G-lakuthwa, D-lakuthwa ndi A-lakuthwa.

Dongosolo la ma flats ndi dongosolo lomwelo lakuthwa, kokha "topsy-turvy", ndiko kuti, mumayendedwe am'mbali: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA. Ngati pali lathyathyathya imodzi mu fungulo, ndiye kuti idzakhala ndendende B-flat, ngati pali zipinda ziwiri - si ndi mi-flat, ngati pali zinayi, ndiye si, mi, la ndi re.

Dongosolo lakuthwa ndi ma flats liyenera kuphunziridwa. Ndizosavuta, zachangu, komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Mutha kuphunzira pongonena mzere uliwonse mokweza maulendo 10, kapena kuwakumbukira ngati mayina a anthu a nthano, monga Mfumukazi Fadosol re Lamisi ndi King Simil re Soldof.

Kuzindikira zizindikiro mu makiyi akuthwa kwambiri

M'makiyi akuthwa kwambiri, chakuthwa komaliza ndi sitepe yoyamba kutsogolo kwa tonic, mwa kuyankhula kwina, lakuthwa komaliza ndi sitepe imodzi yotsika kuposa tonic. Tonic, monga mukudziwa, ndiye gawo loyamba la sikelo, limapezeka nthawi zonse m'dzina la kiyi.

Mwachitsanzo, a tiyeni titenge fungulo la G lalikulu: tonic ndi cholemba G, lakuthwa komaliza lidzakhala cholembera chotsika kuposa G, ndiye kuti, chidzakhala F chakuthwa. Tsopano timapita mu dongosolo la sharps FA KUTI SOL RE LI MI SI ndi kuima pa kufunikira komaliza, ndiko kuti, fa. Zomwe zimachitika? Muyenera kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo, pakuthwa koyamba, monga chotsatira - mu G chachikulu pali lakuthwa limodzi (F-lakuthwa).

Chitsanzo china. Tiyeni titenge kiyi ya E major. Zolimbikitsa chiyani? Mi! Womaliza adzakhala wakuthwa bwanji? Re ndi imodzi yotsika kuposa mi! Timapita mu dongosolo la sharps ndikuyima pa mawu akuti "re": fa, do, sol, re. Zikuwonekeratu kuti pali zida zinayi zokha mu E yayikulu, tangozilemba.

MALANGIZO kupeza lakuthwa: 1) kudziwa tonic; 2) kudziwa lakuthwa lomwe lidzakhala lomaliza; 3) kupita mu dongosolo la sharps ndi kusiya pa ankafuna lakuthwa otsiriza; 4) pangani mawu omaliza - angati akuthwa ali mfungulo ndi zomwe ali.

NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSA: Dziwani zizindikiro mu makiyi A chachikulu, B chachikulu, F-chakuthwa chachikulu.

SOLUTION (yankhani mafunso pa kiyi iliyonse): 1) Kodi tonic ndi chiyani? 2) Kodi chakuthwa komaliza ndi chiyani? 3) Padzakhala akuthwa angati ndipo ndi ati?

Kuzindikira zizindikiro m'mafungulo akuluakulu

Mu makiyi athyathyathya, ndizosiyana pang'ono. Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mu kiyi-kupatulapo, F yayikulu ndi imodzi yokha (yoyamba mwadongosolo ndi B-flat). Komanso, lamulo ili motere: tonic mu fungulo lathyathyathya ndi penultimate lathyathyathya. Kuti mudziwe zizindikiro, muyenera kupita mu dongosolo la ma flats, pezani dzina la fungulo mmenemo (ndiko kuti, dzina la tonic) ndikuwonjezeranso, chotsatira chotsatira.

Mwachitsanzo, a Tiyeni tifotokozere zizindikiro za A-flat major. Timapita motsatira ma flats ndikupeza A-flat: si, mi, la - ndi iyi. Kenako - onjezani lathyathyathya ina: si, mi, la ndi re! Timapeza: mu A-flat major pali ma flats anayi okha (si, mi, la, re).

Chitsanzo china. Tiyeni tifotokozere zizindikiro mu G-flat major. Timapita mu dongosolo: si, mi, la, re, mchere - apa pali tonic ndipo timawonjezeranso lathyathyathya yotsatira - si, mi, la, re, SALT, chitani. Pazonse, pali ma flats asanu ndi limodzi mu G-flat major.

MALANGIZO kupeza ma flats: 1) kupita mu dongosolo la flats; 2) kufika zolimbitsa thupi ndi kuwonjezera wina lathyathyathya; 3) pangani ziganizo - ndi malo angati omwe ali mu fungulo ndi ati.

NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSA: Dziwani kuchuluka kwa zilembo mu makiyi a B-flat major, E-flat major, F-Major, D-flat major.

SOLUTION (timachita motsatira malangizo)

Kodi kudziwa zizindikiro mu makiyi ang'onoang'ono?

Kwa makiyi ang'onoang'ono, ndithudi, munthu akhoza kubwera ndi malamulo osavuta. Mwachitsanzo: m'makiyi akuthwa ang'onoang'ono, chakuthwa komaliza ndi sitepe yokwera kuposa tonic, kapena m'makiyi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono, chophwanyika chomaliza ndi masitepe awiri kutsika kuposa tonic. Koma malamulo ochulukirachulukira amatha kuyambitsa chisokonezo, chifukwa chake ndikwabwino kudziwa makiyi ang'onoang'ono ndi makiyi ofanana.

MALANGIZO: 1) choyamba dziwani fungulo lalikulu lofananira (kuti tichite izi, timakwera mpaka gawo laling'ono lachitatu kuchokera ku tonic); 2) dziwani zizindikiro za fungulo lalikulu lofananira; 3) zizindikiro zomwezo zidzakhala muyeso yaying'ono yoyambirira.

Mwachitsanzo. Tiyeni tifotokozere zizindikiro za F-lakuthwa pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo zikuwonekeratu kuti tikuchita ndi makiyi akuthwa (mawu oti "kuthwa" pamutu adziwonetsa kale). Tiyeni tipeze kamvekedwe kofananira. Kuti tichite izi, timapatula gawo laling'ono lachitatu kuchokera ku F-lakuthwa, timapeza mawu akuti "la" - tonic of the parallel major. Chifukwa chake, tsopano tikuyenera kudziwa zomwe zili mu A zazikulu. Mu A yaikulu (kiyi chakuthwa): tonic ndi "la", lakuthwa komaliza ndi "sol", pali katatu lakuthwa (fa, do, sol). Choncho, mu F-lakuthwa pang'ono padzakhalanso atatu akuthwa (F, C, G).

Chitsanzo china. Tiyeni tifotokozere zizindikiro mu F zazing'ono. Sizikudziwikabe ngati iyi ndi kiyi yakuthwa kapena yosalala. Timapeza kufanana: timapanga chaching'ono chachitatu chokwera kuchokera ku "fa", timapeza "a-flat". A-flat major ndi njira yofananira, dzinali lili ndi mawu oti "flat", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti F yaying'ono idzakhalanso fungulo lathyathyathya. Timazindikira kuchuluka kwa ma flats mu A-flat major: timapita mu dongosolo la ma flats, timafika ku tonic ndikuwonjezera chizindikiro chimodzi: si, mi, la, re. Pazonse - ma flats anayi mu A lalikulu lathyathyathya ndi nambala yofanana mu F yaying'ono (si, mi, la, re).

NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSA: Pezani zizindikiro m'makiyi C-kuthwa pang'ono, B wamng'ono, G wamng'ono, C wamng'ono, D wamng'ono, A wamng'ono.

SOLUTION (timayankha mafunsowo ndipo pang’onopang’ono timafika pa mfundo zofunika): 1) Kodi mawu ofananirako ndi otani? 2) Ndi lakuthwa kapena lathyathyathya? 3) M'menemo muli zizindikiro zingati ndi ziti? 4) Timamaliza - ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zidzakhala mufungulo loyambirira.

Table "Matani ndi zizindikiro zawo pa kiyi"

Ndipo tsopano, monga momwe analonjezera pachiyambi, tikukupatsani tebulo la makiyi ndi zizindikiro zawo zazikulu. Patebulo, makiyi ofanana omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha nsonga kapena ma flats amalembedwa pamodzi; ndime yachiwiri imapereka makiyi a zilembo; chachitatu - chiwerengero cha zilembo chikuwonetsedwa, ndipo chachinayi - chimazindikiridwa kuti ndi zilembo ziti zomwe zili pamlingo winawake.

Gome ili litha kutsitsidwanso kuti lisindikizidwe ngati mukufuna pepala lachinyengo la solfeggio - KOPERANI. Pambuyo poyeserera pang'ono pogwira ntchito ndi makiyi osiyanasiyana, makiyi ambiri ndi zizindikiro zomwe zilimo zimakumbukiridwa okha.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwone vidiyoyi pamutu wa phunzirolo. Kanemayo akupereka njira ina yofananira yoloweza zilembo zazikulu pamakiyi osiyanasiyana.