Nyimbo za Symphonic |

Nyimbo za Symphonic ndi nyimbo zopangira ma symphonies. okhestra; gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lolemera la instr. nyimbo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zazikuluzikulu ziwiri, zodzaza ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro, ndi nyimbo zazing'ono. masewera. Chizindikiro. Gulu la oimba, lomwe limaphatikiza zida zosiyanasiyana, limapatsa wopanga nyimbo mtundu wolemera kwambiri wamitundu yamamvekedwe, mawu. ndalama, mwayi luso luso kufotokoza. malingaliro.

Kuchita kwa nyimbo. prod. mkulu wamkulu. ensembles ndi orchestra ankachita kale komanso mu Middle Ages, koma kumapeto kwa Renaissance instr. nyimbo zinakhala zofanana ndi mawu. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, gulu loimba lodziimira palokha linapangidwa. polyphony ndi chida chapadera (ensemble-orchestral). Nyimbo za oimba zidapangidwa polumikizana nthawi zonse ndi mitundu ina ya nyimbo. art-va - ndi nyimbo za chipinda, limba, kwaya, opera. Makhalidwe amitundu 17 - 1st floor. Zaka za zana la 18: kuvina. suite, concert – ensemble-orchestral (onani Concerto grosso), pambuyo pake solo (onani Concerto), overture (symphony) ya mtundu wa opera (choyamba monga mawu oyamba a opera, ballet, kenako odziyimira pawokha). Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zaka za zana la 18: divertissement, serenade, nocturne, cassation. Kukwera kwamphamvu kwa symphony kumalumikizidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa symphony, kukula kwake ngati cyclic. mawonekedwe a sonata ndi kusintha kwa classical. mtundu wophiphiritsa. okhestra. Pachifukwa ichi, sukulu ya Mannheim makamaka Viennese classical school idachita mbali yofunika. Mu ntchito ya Viennese classics, kutha kunachitika. kusiyana pakati pa S.m. ndi nyimbo za m'chipinda chochezera, zinali zachikale. tinas of a symphony (mkombero wa magawo anayi), concerto (mkombero wa magawo atatu), overture (gawo limodzi la opus mu mawonekedwe a sonata). M'zaka za zana la 19 mwayi wa symphony wakula. okhestra; kapangidwe kake kwawonjezeka, zida zakale zasinthidwa, zatsopano zayambitsidwa. Chifukwa cha zovuta za orc. zambiri, ntchito ya kondakitala inakula (onani Kuchititsa). Kwaya ndi solo woks nthawi zambiri anayamba kulowetsedwa mu symphony ndi mitundu ina ya zida zoimbira. voti. Kumbali ina, symphony inakulirakulira. kuyambira mu wok.-orc. nyimbo (cantata, oratorio), opera ndi ballet. Symphony yakhala yofunika kwambiri. nyimbo ya pulogalamu: conc. kuthamangira ku chiwembu china, symphony, yokhala ndi kuyatsa. Pulogalamu, ndakatulo ya symphonic ndi mitundu yokhudzana ndi izo (chithunzi cha symphonic, symphonic fantasy, etc.), pulogalamu yamtundu wa pulogalamu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chiwerengero cha zisudzo (kuphatikizapo ballet, opera) nyimbo, koma nthawi zambiri zodziimira. Mitundu ya S.m. zikuphatikizapo symphonietta, symphony. kusiyanasiyana, zongopeka (komanso overture) pa nar. mitu, rhapsody, nthano, capriccio, scherzo, potpourri, march, decomp. kuvina (kuphatikiza mu mawonekedwe a cycle - symphonic dances), decomp. zazing'ono, ndi zina zotero. chizindikiro. repertoire imaphatikizansopo orc. zidutswa za zisudzo, ballet, masewero, masewero, mafilimu.

S. m. Zaka za zana la 19 zinali ndi dziko lalikulu la malingaliro ndi malingaliro. Inapeza mawu ankhani za anthu wamba. phokoso, zokumana nazo zakuya, zithunzi za chilengedwe, moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zongopeka, nat. otchulidwa, zithunzi za zaluso zakumalo, ndakatulo, nthano. Zaka za m'ma 20 SM, atapanga zinthu zambiri za nyimbo zakale, adayambitsa china chatsopano muzolemba ndi kapangidwe ka ntchitoyo, ndikuwonetsa mfundo za dec. mayendedwe okongola (impressionism, expressionism, etc.). Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za S. m. Zaka za zana la 20 - zotsogola za nthawi yatsopano kwambiri. Classic chizindikiro. okhestra yasungidwa mu nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la 20. mtengo wachizolowezi, koma ork zina. zovuta - zokulitsidwa kukhala gulu loimba nyimbo zapamwamba, zochepetsedwa kukhala gulu lophatikizana, nyimbo zapakatikati zosakwanira. Oimba oimba analemeretsedwa ndi timbre zatsopano (makamaka, zida zamagetsi), zotsogola ngati zodziyimira pawokha. phatikizani gulu la okhestra. zida. Pamlingo wofanana ndi zida muzoimbaimba zambiri. prod. kuimba payekha ndipo kwaya inayamba kuyatsa. kuvota. Njira zopangira za S. M. adasinthidwa mu jazi (yotchedwa symphonic jazz). Mitundu ina ya nyimbo zoyambirira imakulitsidwanso, mwachitsanzo. concerto kwa orchestra. Malingaliro atsopano S. m. adapereka misewu. zikhalidwe za anthu omwe si a ku Ulaya.

M’zaka za m’ma 19 ndi 20 m’mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku America, chiwerengero cha nat chinapita patsogolo. Sukulu za S. za m., to-rye zidalandira mtengo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Zopambana zapamwamba zidadziwika ndi Rus. classical ndi kadzidzi. S. m., yemwe ali ndi malo otchuka mu nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi. chikhalidwe. Akadzidzi. S. m. chimakwirira kulenga. ntchito za olemba onse Union ndi wolemba. mayiko. Mu kadzidzi ambiri M'malipabuliki pokhapokha 1917 anachita masters a S. m. kuwonekera. mitundu ya kadzidzi. S. m. adawonetsa zithunzi ndi malingaliro amakono, njira zakusintha. kusintha kwa anthu. Kukula kwa symphonism kunakhudza chitukuko cha opera ndi ballet, ndipo kunachititsa kuti wok-symphony ichuluke. mitundu, ku symphony ya nyimbo za mzimu. zida zanyimbo za orchestra ndi orchestra. Olemera nthano za USSR anapereka zilandiridwenso. maganizo a S.m. ndipo zinapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yake yatsopano (mwachitsanzo, symphonic mugham); phindu la miyambo ya dziko ndi mu S. m. a mayiko ena.

Zothandizira: Glebov Igor (Asafiev BV), Russian symphonic nyimbo kwa zaka 10, "Music ndi Revolution", 1927, No 11; Soviet symphonic nyimbo. Loweruka. Art., M., 1955; Sollertinsky I., Mbiri yakale ya symphonic dramaturgy, m'buku lake: Musical and History Studies, L., 1956; Stupel A., Kukambirana za nyimbo za symphonic, L., 1961; Popova T., nyimbo za Symphonic, Moscow, 1963; Kwa omvera a symphony concerts. Mwachidule kalozera, M.-L., 1965, L., 1967; Konen V., Theatre ndi Symphony …, M., 1968, 1975; Bobrovsky V., nyimbo za Symphonic, m'buku: Music of the XX century, gawo 1, buku. 1, M., 1976.

VS Steinpress