Gary Graffman |

Gary Graffman

Mu zizindikiro zina zakunja, luso la woyimba piyano lili pafupi ndi sukulu yaku Russia. Mphunzitsi wake woyamba anali Isabella Vengerova, amene anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Curtis Institute mu 1946, ndi Graffman bwino kwa zaka zinayi ndi mbadwa wina wa Russia, Vladimir Horowitz. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti zokonda kulenga wojambula makamaka lolunjika kwa nyimbo Russian oimba, komanso Chopin. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali zinthu zina za Graffman zomwe siziri mu sukulu ya ku Russia, koma ndizofanana ndi gawo lina la American virtuosos - mtundu wa "kuwongoka kwachi America" ​​(monga momwe otsutsa a ku Ulaya ananenera. ), kusanja kwa kusiyanitsa, kusowa m'malingaliro, ufulu wotukuka, zinthu zachindunji pabwalo. Nthaŵi zina munthu amalingalira kuti akubweretsa ku chiweruzo cha omvera kumasulira kumene kwatsimikizidwa pasadakhale kufikira pamlingo wakuti kunyumba kotero kuti mulibe malo otsalira kaamba ka chisonkhezero m’holo.

Zonsezi, ndithudi, ndi zoona, ngati tikuyandikira Graffman ndi miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo woimba wamkulu uyu amayenera kukhala ndi njira yotereyi. Pakuti ngakhale mkati mwa kalembedwe kake, iye anapindula pang'ono. Woyimba piyano amadziwa bwino zinsinsi zonse za luso la piyano: ali ndi njira yabwino yosangalalira, kukhudza kofewa, kuyendetsa bwino, pa tempo iliyonse amayang'anira zida zamphamvu za chidacho mwanjira yachilendo, amamva kalembedwe ka nthawi iliyonse komanso wolemba aliyense, imatha kufotokoza malingaliro ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Koma chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha izi, amapeza zotsatira zaluso kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Wojambulayo adatsimikizira zonsezi, makamaka, paulendo wake ku USSR mu 1971. Kupambana koyenera kunabweretsedwa kwa iye ndi kutanthauzira kwa "Carnival" ya Schumann ndi "Kusiyanasiyana pa Mutu wa Paganini" ndi Brahms, concertos ndi Chopin. , Brahms, Tchaikovsky.

Kuyambira kuchita zoimbaimba ali wamng'ono, Graffman adawonekera koyamba ku Ulaya mu 1950 ndipo wakhala wotchuka kwambiri pa piano. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri nthawi zonse ndi machitidwe ake a nyimbo zaku Russia. Iye ali ndi imodzi mwa zojambulira zosowa za makonsati atatu onse a Tchaikovsky, opangidwa ndi Philadelphia Orchestra yoyendetsedwa ndi Y. Ormandy, ndi zojambula zambiri za Prokofiev ndi Rachmaninoff concertos ndi D. Sall ndi Cleveland Orchestra. Ndipo ndi kusungitsa konse, anthu ochepa angakane zojambulirazi osati mwaukadaulo waukadaulo, komanso mukukula, kuphatikiza kupepuka kwa virtuoso ndi nyimbo zofewa. Pomasulira ma concerto a Rachmaninov, kudziletsa kwa Graffman, mawonekedwe ake, kumveka bwino, zomwe zimamulola kuti apewe kutengeka kwambiri ndi kufotokozera kwa omvera ndondomeko ya nyimbo, ndizoyenera kwambiri.

Pakati pa zojambula za solo, mbiri ya Chopin imadziwika ndi otsutsa ngati kupambana kwakukulu. "Mawu a Graffman osamala, olondola komanso nthawi yosankhidwa mwaluso ndi abwino mwa iwo okha, ngakhale kuti Chopin amafunikira kusamala pang'ono komanso kutsimikiza mtima kuchitapo kanthu. Komabe, Graffman, mozizira, mosasamala, nthawi zina amakwaniritsa zozizwitsa za piyano: ndikwanira kumvetsera kulondola kochititsa chidwi kwa gawo lapakati la "A-minor Ballad". Monga momwe tikuonera, m’mawu ameneŵa a wofufuza wa ku America X. Goldsmith, zotsutsana zomwe zili m’maonekedwe a Graffman zikukambidwanso. Ndi chiyani chomwe chasintha m'zaka zomwe zimatilekanitsa ndi msonkhano ndi wojambulayo? Kodi luso lake linakula m'njira yotani, kodi inakhala yokhwima ndi yatanthauzo, yofuna kutchuka kwambiri? Yankho losakhala lachindunji pa zimenezi laperekedwa ndi wopenda magazini wa Musical America, amene nthaŵi ina anachezera konsati ya wojambulayo pa Carnegie Hall: “Kodi mbuye wachichepereyo amangokhwima msinkhu pamene afika usinkhu wa zaka makumi asanu? Harry Graffman sakuyankha funsoli mokopa ndi XNUMX%, koma amapatsa omvera kusewera komweko, kolingalira komanso kolimba mtima komwe kwakhala chizindikiro chake pa ntchito yake yonse. Harry Graffman akupitirizabe kukhala mmodzi mwa oimba piyano odalirika komanso oyenerera, ndipo ngati luso lake silinasinthe kwambiri pazaka zambiri, ndiye kuti mwina chifukwa chake ndi chakuti msinkhu wake wakhala ukukwera kwambiri. "

Pakhomo la kubadwa kwake kwa makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Graffman anakakamizika kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito zake chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zala za dzanja lake lamanja. M'kupita kwa nthawi, repertoire yake inachepetsedwa kukhala bwalo lopapatiza la nyimbo zolembedwa ku dzanja lamanzere. Izi, komabe, zinalola woimba kusonyeza luso lake m'madera atsopano - zolemba ndi zophunzitsa. Mu 1980, anayamba kuphunzitsa kalasi yabwino pa alma mater wake, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, mbiri ya moyo wake inasindikizidwa, yomwe inadutsa m'mabaibulo ena angapo. Mu 1986, zaka 40 ndendende atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Curtis Institute, Graffman adasankhidwa kukhala Director waluso.

Mu 2004, pulezidenti wa nthawi yaitali wa imodzi mwa mabungwe abwino kwambiri a maphunziro padziko lapansi, omwe amaphunzitsa gulu la nyenyezi la oimba otchuka, woimba piyano waluso komanso munthu wokongola modabwitsa, adakondwerera kubadwa kwake kwa zaka 75. Patsiku lachikondwererocho, alendo olemekezeka, ogwira nawo ntchito ndi abwenzi adamuyamikira mwachikondi, kupereka msonkho kwa munthu yemwe adathandizira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha moyo wa chikhalidwe cha Philadelphia, komanso dziko lonse la nyimbo. Mu konsati ya gala ku Kimmel Center, ngwazi yamasiku ano adachita concerto ya Ravel ku dzanja lamanzere ndikusewera ndi Philadelphia Orchestra (wotsogolera Rosen Milanov) Tchaikovsky's 4th symphony ndi "Blue Cathedral" yolemba Philadelphia wolemba J. Higdon.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.