Giuseppe Giacomini |

Giuseppe Giacomini

Dzina la Giuseppe Giacomini ndi lodziwika bwino m'masewera a opera. Iyi si imodzi yokha yotchuka kwambiri, komanso ma tenisi odabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha mawu akuda, a baritone. Giacomini ndiye woimba wodziwika bwino pamasewera ovuta a Don Alvaro mu Verdi's The Force of Destiny. Wojambulayo mobwerezabwereza anabwera ku Russia, kumene anaimba mu zisudzo (Mariinsky Theatre) ndi zoimbaimba. Giancarlo Landini amalankhula ndi Giuseppe Giacomini.

Kodi mawu anu munawapeza bwanji?

Ndimakumbukira kuti nthawi zonse mawu anga ankakhala ndi chidwi, ngakhale pamene ndinali wamng'ono kwambiri. Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito mwayi wanga wopanga ntchito linandigwira ndili ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Tsiku lina ndinakwera basi ndi gulu kupita ku Verona kukamvera opera ku Arena. Pafupi nane panali Gaetano Berto, wophunzira zamalamulo amene pambuyo pake anadzakhala loya wotchuka. Ndinaimba. Anadabwa. Ndimakonda mawu anga. Akuti ndiyenera kuphunzira. Banja lake lolemera limandipatsa chithandizo chenicheni kuti ndilowe m’chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Padua. M’zaka zimenezo ndinaphunzira ndi kugwira ntchito panthaŵi imodzimodziyo. Anali woperekera zakudya ku Gabicce, pafupi ndi Rimini, amagwira ntchito pafakitale ya shuga.

Mnyamata wovuta chonchi, zinali ndi tanthauzo lanji pakupanga kwanu?

Chachikulu kwambiri. Ndikhoza kunena kuti ndikudziwa moyo ndi anthu. Ndikumvetsa zomwe ntchito, khama zikutanthauza, ndikudziwa kufunika kwa ndalama, umphawi ndi chuma. Ndili ndi khalidwe lovuta. Nthawi zambiri anthu sankandimvetsa. Kumbali ina, ndine wouma khosi, kumbali ina, ndimakonda introversion, melancholy. Makhalidwe angawa nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi kusatetezeka. Kuwunika kotereku kudakhudza ubale wanga ndi dziko la zisudzo ...

Papita zaka pafupifupi khumi kuchokera pamene munayamba kutchuka. Kodi zifukwa za "maphunziro" aatali chotere ndi chiyani?

Kwa zaka khumi ndakonza katundu wanga waukadaulo. Zimenezi zinandithandiza kukonza ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri. Ndinakhala zaka khumi ndikudzimasula ku chikoka cha aphunzitsi oimba ndikumvetsetsa mtundu wa chida changa. Kwa zaka zambiri ndalangizidwa kuti ndichepetse mawu anga, kuwachepetsa, kusiya mtundu wa baritone womwe ndi chizindikiro cha mawu anga. M'malo mwake, ndinazindikira kuti ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito utoto uwu ndikupeza china chatsopano pamaziko ake. Ayenera kudzimasula kuti asatsanzire anthu owopsa ngati Del Monaco. Ndiyenera kuyang'ana chithandizo cha mawu anga, malo awo, nyimbo zomveka bwino kwa ine. Ndinazindikira kuti mphunzitsi weniweni wa woimba ndi amene amathandiza kupeza phokoso lachirengedwe, yemwe amakupangitsani kuti mugwire ntchito mogwirizana ndi deta yachirengedwe, yemwe sagwiritsa ntchito ziphunzitso zodziwika kale kwa woimbayo, zomwe zingayambitse kutayika kwa mawu. Maestro weniweni ndi woyimba wochenjera yemwe amakopa chidwi chanu pamawu osamveka, zofooka m'mawu, amachenjeza za nkhanza motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chanu, amakuphunzitsani kugwiritsa ntchito minofu yomwe imathandizira kutulutsa bwino.

Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yanu, zomwe zikumveka kale zinali "zabwino" ndi zomwe, m'malo mwake, ziyenera kuchitidwa?

Pakatikati, ndiye kuti, kuchokera pakati "mpaka" mpaka "G" ndi "A flat", mawu anga ankagwira ntchito. Mamvekedwe akusintha nthawi zambiri anali abwino. Zochitika, komabe, zanditsogolera ku lingaliro lakuti ndizothandiza kusuntha chiyambi cha malo osinthika kupita ku D. Mukakonzekera bwino kwambiri kusinthako, kumakhala kwachilengedwe. Ngati, m'malo mwake, mumazengereza, sungani mawu otseguka pa "F", pali zovuta ndi zolemba zapamwamba. Zomwe zinali zopanda ungwiro m'mawu anga zinali zolemba zapamwamba kwambiri, B ndi C zoyera. Kuti ndiyimbe zolemba izi, "ndinakanikiza" ndikuyang'ana malo awo pamwamba. Ndichidziwitso, ndinazindikira kuti zolemba zapamwamba zimatulutsidwa ngati chithandizo chikusunthidwa pansi. Nditaphunzira kusunga diaphragm motsika momwe ndingathere, minyewa yapakhosi yanga idamasuka, ndipo zidakhala zosavuta kuti ndifikire manotsi apamwamba. Anakhalanso oimba kwambiri, komanso amafanana kwambiri ndi mawu ena a mawu anga. Zoyesayesa zaukadaulozi zinathandiza kugwirizanitsa mkhalidwe wodabwitsa wa mawu anga ndi kufunika koimba mosapumira ndi kufewa kwa mawu.

Ndi nyimbo ziti za Verdi zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi mawu anu?

Mosakayikira, Mphamvu ya Choikidwiratu. Uzimu wa Alvaro umagwirizana ndi kuchenjera kwanga, ndimakonda kukhumudwa. Ndine womasuka ndi testitura ya phwando. Izi makamaka ndi tessitura chapakati, koma mizere yake ndi yosiyana kwambiri, imakhudzanso dera la zolemba zapamwamba. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhosi zisagwedezeke. Zomwe zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi zomwe munthu amadzipeza yekha yemwe ayenera kuchita ndime zina kuchokera ku ulemu wa Rustic, tessitura yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa "mi" ndi "sol". Izi zimapangitsa kuti khosi likhale lolimba. Sindimakonda tessitura wa gawo la Manrico ku Troubadour. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kumtunda kwa mawu ake, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha malo omwe amagwirizana ndi thupi langa. Kusiya pambali pachifuwa C mu cabaletta Di quella pira, gawo la Manrico ndi chitsanzo cha mtundu wa testitura umene uli wovuta kumtunda wa mawu anga. Ma testitura a gawo la Radames ndi onyenga kwambiri, omwe panthawi ya opera amayesa mawu a tenor ku mayesero ovuta.

Pali vuto la Othello. Kalembedwe ka mawu a gawo la munthuyu safuna kuti ma baritone overtones ambiri monga amakhulupirira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuti muyimbe Othello, mukufunikira sonority yomwe oimba ambiri alibe. Kulankhula kumafuna kulemba kwa Verdi. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseninso kuti masiku ano otsogolera ambiri amakonda kutsindika kufunika kwa gulu la oimba ku Othello, ndikupanga "phokoso" lenileni. Izi zimawonjezera zovuta pamawu aliwonse, ngakhale amphamvu kwambiri. Mbali ya Othello ingaimbidwe mwaulemu kokha ndi kondakitala yemwe amamvetsetsa zofunikira za mawu.

Kodi mungatchule wochititsa amene anaika mawu anu pamalo abwino ndi abwino?

Mosakayikira, Zubin Meta. Anatha kugogomezera ulemu wa mawu anga, ndipo anandizinga ndi kudekha, chifundo, chiyembekezo, zimene zinandithandiza kufotokoza maganizo anga m’njira yabwino koposa. Meta amadziwa kuti kuyimba kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amapitilira gawo lazambiri komanso zowonetsa za tempo. Ndimakumbukira zoyeserera za Tosca ku Florence. Titafika ku aria “E lucevan le stelle”, mkulu wa oimbayo anapempha oimba kuti anditsatire, akumagogomezera mmene kuimbako kumamvekera komanso kundipatsa mpata wotsatira mawu a Puccini. Ndi makondakitala ena, ngakhale otsogola kwambiri, sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Ndi Tosca pomwe ndidalumikiza zokumbukira zosasangalatsa za okonda, kukhazikika, kusasunthika komwe kudalepheretsa mawu anga kuti asamveke bwino.

Kulemba kwa mawu a Puccini ndi mawu a Verdi: kodi mungawafananize?

Kalembedwe ka mawu a Puccini mwachibadwa amakoka mawu anga poimba, Mzere wa Puccini uli wodzaza ndi mphamvu zoyimba, zomwe zimanyamula kuyimba pamodzi nazo, zimathandizira ndikupanga chilengedwe kuphulika kwa malingaliro. Kulemba kwa Verdi, kumbali ina, kumafuna kulingalira kwakukulu. Chiwonetsero chachilengedwe komanso chiyambi cha kalembedwe ka mawu a Puccini chili kumapeto kwa gawo lachitatu la Turandot. Kuchokera pazolemba zoyamba, khosi la tenor limapeza kuti zolembazo zasintha, kuti kusinthasintha komwe kumadziwika ndi zochitika zakale kulibenso, kuti Alfano sakanatha, kapena sanafune, kugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka Puccini mu duet yomaliza, momwe amapangira. mawu amaimba, amene alibe wofanana.

Pakati pa zisudzo za Puccini, ndi ati omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi inu?

Mosakayikira, Mtsikana wochokera Kumadzulo komanso m'zaka zaposachedwa Turandot. Mbali ya Calaf ndi yobisika kwambiri, makamaka muzochitika zachiwiri, pomwe mawu amawu amakhazikika makamaka kumtunda kwa mawu. Pali chiopsezo chakuti mmero udzakhala wolimba ndipo sudzalowa mu chikhalidwe cha kumasulidwa pamene mphindi ya aria "Nessun dorma" ikubwera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palibe kukayikira kuti khalidweli ndi lalikulu ndipo limabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu.

Kodi mumakonda nyimbo ziti za verist?

Awiri: Pagliacci ndi André Chenier. Chenier ndi gawo lomwe lingabweretsere tenor chisangalalo chachikulu chomwe ntchito ingapereke. Gawoli limagwiritsa ntchito zolembera zamawu otsika komanso zolemba zapamwamba kwambiri. Chenier ali nazo zonse: woyimba mochititsa chidwi, woyimba nyimbo, wobwerezabwereza wachitatu mu sewero lachitatu, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamalingaliro, monga mawu akuti "Come un bel di di maggio".

Kodi mumanong'oneza bondo kuti simunayimbe m'masewero ena, ndipo mumanong'oneza bondo kuti mudayimba m'masewera ena?

Ndiyamba ndi imodzi yomwe sindimayenera kuchita: Medea, mu 1978 ku Geneva. Kalembedwe ka mawu kozizira ka Cherubini sikubweretsa chikhutiro chilichonse ku mawu ngati anga, komanso tenola wokhala ndi mtima ngati wanga. Ndikumva chisoni kuti sindinayimbe mu Samsoni ndi Delila. Ndinapatsidwa udindo umenewu panthawi imene ndinalibe nthawi yoti ndiphunzire bwino. Panalibenso mwayi uliwonse. Ndikuganiza kuti zotsatira zake zingakhale zosangalatsa.

Ndi malo owonetsera masewero ati omwe mudawakonda kwambiri?

Subway ku New York. Anthu amene anasonkhana kumeneko anandidalitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha khama langa. Tsoka ilo, kwa nyengo zitatu, kuyambira 1988 mpaka 1990, Levine ndi om’tsatira sanandipatse mpata wosonyeza mmene ndinayenera kuchitira. Iye ankakonda kupereka ziwonetsero zofunika kwambiri kwa oimba odziwika kwambiri kuposa ine, ndikundisiya pamthunzi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ndisankhe kudziyesa ndekha kumalo ena. Ku Vienna Opera, ndinachita bwino komanso kuzindikiridwa kwambiri. Pomaliza, ndikufuna kutchula za chikondi chodabwitsa cha omvera mu Tokyo, mzinda umene ndinalandira chitonthozo chenicheni. Ndikukumbukira kuwomba m'manja komwe ndinapatsidwa pambuyo pa "Improvisation" ku Andre Chenier, zomwe sizinachitike ku likulu la Japan kuyambira Del Monaco.

Nanga bwanji zisudzo za ku Italy?

Ndimakumbukira bwino ena mwa iwo. Ku Bellini Theatre ku Catania pakati pa 1978 ndi 1982 ndidapanga maudindo anga ofunikira. Anthu a ku Sicilian anandilandira bwino. Nyengo ku Arena di Verona mu 1989 inali yabwino kwambiri. Ndinali wowoneka bwino ndipo zisudzo monga Don Alvaro anali m'gulu la opambana kwambiri. Komabe, ndiyenera kudandaula kuti ndinalibe ubale wolimba kwambiri ndi mabwalo amasewera a ku Italy monga momwe ndimakhalira ndi malo ena owonetserako mafilimu ndi anthu ena.

Zokambirana ndi Giuseppe Giacomini zofalitsidwa m'magazini ya opera. Kusindikizidwa ndi kumasulira kuchokera ku Chitaliyana ndi Irina Sorokina.

Poyamba 1970 (Vercelli, Pinkerton gawo). Iye anaimba mu zisudzo Italy, kuyambira 1974 iye anachita La Scala. Kuyambira 1976 ku Metropolitan Opera (koyamba monga Alvaro mu Verdi's The Force of Destiny, pakati pa madera ena a Macduff ku Macbeth, 1982). Anaimba mobwerezabwereza paphwando la Arena di Verona (pakati pa zigawo zabwino kwambiri za Radamès, 1982). Mu 1986, adachita gawo la Othello ku San Diego bwino kwambiri. Zomwe zachitika posachedwa zikuphatikiza Manrico ku Vienna Opera ndi Calaf ku Covent Garden (onse a 1996). Zina mwa zigawozo ndi Lohengrin, Nero mu Monteverdi's The Coronation of Poppea, Cavaradossi, Dick Johnson mu The Girl from the West, etc. Pakati pa zolemba za gawo la Pollio ku Norma (dir. Levine, Sony), Cavaradossi (dir. Muti, Phip).

E. Tsodokov, 1999