Mikalojus Konstantinos Čiurlionis |
Mikalojus Čiurlionis
Yophukira. Munda wamaliseche. Theka maliseche mitengo rustle ndi kuphimba njira ndi masamba, ndi thambo imvi-imvi, ndi chisoni monga moyo yekha akhoza chisoni. MK Ciurlionis
Moyo wa MK Chiurlionis unali waufupi, koma wowoneka bwino komanso wosangalatsa. Adalenga ca. 300 zojambula, ca. 350 nyimbo, makamaka piyano (240). Ali ndi ntchito zingapo zamagulu a chipinda, kwaya, limba, koma koposa zonse Čiurlionis ankakonda oimba, ngakhale kuti analemba nyimbo zazing'ono za orchestra: 2 symphonic poems "In the Forest" (1900), "Sea" (1907), overture " Kėstutis” ( 1902) (Kyastutis, kalonga womalizira wa Lithuania ya Chikristu chisanayambe, amene anakhala wotchuka m’nkhondo yolimbana ndi magulu ankhondo amtanda, anamwalira mu 1382). Zojambula za "Lithuanian Pastoral Symphony", zojambula za ndakatulo ya symphonic "The Creation of the World" zasungidwa. (Pakadali pano, pafupifupi cholowa chonse cha Čiurlionis - zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula, autographs za nyimbo zoimbira - zimasungidwa m'nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Kaunas.) Čiurlionis ankakhala m'dziko lodabwitsa lodabwitsa, lomwe, m'mawu ake, "chidziwitso chokha chingathe kunena." Ankakonda kukhala yekha ndi chilengedwe: kuona kulowera kwa dzuwa, kuyendayenda m'nkhalango usiku, kupita ku mphepo yamkuntho. Kumvetsera nyimbo za chilengedwe, mu ntchito zake ankafuna kusonyeza kukongola kwake kosatha ndi mgwirizano. Zithunzi za ntchito zake ndizokhazikika, chinsinsi cha iwo ndi chophiphiritsira cha nthano za anthu, mu kusakanikirana kwapadera kwa zongopeka ndi zenizeni, zomwe zimakhala ndi maonekedwe a anthu. Zojambula zamtundu "ziyenera kukhala maziko a luso lathu ..." analemba Čiurlionis. "... Nyimbo za Chilithuaniya zimakhala mu nyimbo zachikhalidwe ... Nyimbozi zili ngati midadada ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ya marble ndipo zimangoyembekezera katswiri yekha amene angathe kupanga zolengedwa zosafa kuchokera kwa iwo." Zinali nyimbo zachi Lithuanian, nthano ndi nthano zomwe zinabweretsa wojambula ku Čiurlionis. Kuyambira ali mwana, adalowa mu chidziwitso chake, adakhala gawo la moyo, adatenga malo pafupi ndi nyimbo za JS Bach, P. Tchaikovsky.
Mphunzitsi woyamba wa nyimbo wa Čiurlionis anali bambo ake, woimba. Mu 1889-93. Čiurlionis anaphunzira pa sukulu ya orchestral ya M. Oginsky (mdzukulu wa wolemba MK Oginsky) ku Plungė; mu 1894-99 anaphunzira zikuchokera pa Warsaw Musical Institute pansi 3. Moscow; ndipo mu 1901-02 adachita bwino ku Leipzig Conservatory pansi pa K. Reinecke. Munthu wokonda zosiyanasiyana. Čiurlionis mofunitsitsa anatengera nyimbo zonse, anaphunzira mwakhama mbiri ya luso, maganizo, nzeru, kukhulupirira nyenyezi, physics, masamu, geology, paleontology, etc. za kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi ndakatulo.
Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory, Čiurlionis anakhala ku Warsaw kwa zaka zingapo (1902-06), ndipo apa anayamba kujambula, zomwe zinamusangalatsa kwambiri. Kuyambira pano, zokonda zanyimbo ndi luso zimadutsana nthawi zonse, kudziwa kukula ndi kusinthasintha kwa ntchito zake zamaphunziro ku Warsaw, ndipo kuyambira 1907 ku Vilnius, Čiurlionis adakhala m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Lithuania Art Society ndi gawo la nyimbo pansi pake, adatsogolera Kankles. kwaya, bungwe zisudzo Lithuanian luso, mpikisano nyimbo , chinkhoswe nyimbo yosindikiza, streamlining Chilituyaniya mawu terminology, nawo ntchito ya folklore Commission, anachita konsati ntchito monga wochititsa kwaya ndi limba. Ndipo ndi malingaliro angati omwe sanakwaniritsidwe! Ankakonda kwambiri za sukulu ya nyimbo ya ku Lithuania ndi laibulale ya nyimbo, za National Palace ku Vilnius. Analotanso kuti apite kumayiko akutali, koma maloto ake anakwaniritsidwa pang'ono chabe: mu 1905 Čiurlionis anapita ku Caucasus, ku 1906 anapita ku Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Nuremberg, ndi Munich. Mu 1908-09. Čiurlionis ankakhala ku St. Petersburg, kumene, kuyambira 1906, zojambula zake zinkawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza paziwonetsero, zomwe zinachititsa chidwi cha A. Scriabin ndi ojambula a World of Art. Chidwi chinali chogwirizana. Chizindikiro chachikondi cha Čiurlionis, chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha chilengedwe - nyanja, dzuwa, zolinga zokwera pamwamba pa nsonga zowala kumbuyo kwa mbalame yowuluka ya Chimwemwe - zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi zithunzi-zizindikiro za A. Scriabin, L. Andreev, M. Gorky, A. Blok. Amasonkhanitsidwanso pamodzi ndi chikhumbo cha kaphatikizidwe ka zaluso, chikhalidwe cha nthawiyo. Mu ntchito ya Čiurlionis, chiwonetsero cha ndakatulo, zojambulajambula ndi nyimbo za lingaliro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, mu 1907, iye anamaliza symphonic ndakatulo "The Sea", ndipo pambuyo analemba limba "Nyanja" ndi wokongola triptych "Sonata wa Nyanja" (1908). Pamodzi ndi piano sonatas ndi fugues pali zojambula "Sonata wa Nyenyezi", "Sonata Spring", "Sonata wa Dzuwa", "Fugue"; ndakatulo "Autumn Sonata". Kufanana kwawo kuli pachidziwitso cha zithunzi, m'lingaliro losawoneka bwino la mtundu, mu chikhumbo chofuna kukhala ndi masinthidwe obwerezabwereza komanso osinthika a Chilengedwe - Chilengedwe chachikulu chopangidwa ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro a wojambula: "... The wider. mapiko amatseguka kwambiri, momwe kuzungulira kumazungulira, kumakhala kosavuta, munthu amakhala wosangalala…” (M. K. Ciurlionis). Moyo wa Čiurlionis unali waufupi kwambiri. Iye anafa m’chiyambi cha mphamvu zake za kulenga, pa khomo la kuzindikirika ndi ulemerero wa chilengedwe chonse, madzulo a zimene anachita zazikulu kwambiri, pokhala wopanda nthaŵi yochitira zambiri zimene analinganiza. Monga meteor, mphatso yake yaluso idayaka ndikutuluka, kutisiyira luso lapadera, losayerekezeka, lobadwa ndi malingaliro a chilengedwe choyambirira; zojambula zomwe Romain Rolland adazitcha "kontinenti yatsopano".
O. Averyanova
