Baldassare Galuppi |
Baldassare Galuppi
Dzina lakuti B. Galuppi silinena pang'ono kwa wokonda nyimbo zamakono, koma m'nthawi yake anali mmodzi mwa akatswiri otsogolera a comic opera ya ku Italy. Galuppi adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanyimbo osati Italy, komanso mayiko ena, makamaka Russia.
Italy m'zaka za m'ma 112 ankakhala ndi zisudzo. Luso lokondedwa limeneli linasonyeza chidwi cha anthu a ku Italy chokonda kuimba, mtima wawo woyaka moto. Komabe, sichinafune kukhudza zakuya zauzimu ndipo sichinapange zojambulajambula "kwazaka zambiri". M'zaka XVIII. Olemba ku Italy adapanga zisudzo zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zisudzo za Galuppi (50) ndizodziwika bwino panthawiyo. Komanso, Galuppi analenga ntchito zambiri za mpingo: misa, requiems, oratorios ndi cantatas. Wanzeru virtuoso - katswiri wa clavier - adalemba ma sonatas opitilira XNUMX pachida ichi.
Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, Galuppi ankatchedwa Buranello - kuchokera ku dzina la chilumba cha Burano (pafupi ndi Venice), kumene anabadwira. Pafupifupi moyo wake wonse wa kulenga umagwirizana ndi Venice: apa adaphunzira ku Conservatory (ndi A. Lotti), ndipo kuyambira 1762 mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake (kupatulapo nthawi yomwe adakhala ku Russia) anali wotsogolera ndi mtsogoleri wake. kwaya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Galuppi adalandira udindo wapamwamba kwambiri wa nyimbo ku Venice - bandmaster wa St. Mark's Cathedral (zisanachitike, anali wothandizira kwa zaka pafupifupi 15), ku Venice kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20. nyimbo zake zoyamba zidachitika.
Galuppi analemba makamaka zisudzo zisudzo (opambana mwa iwo: "The Village Philosopher" - 1754, "Atatu Zopusa Okonda" - 1761). Ma opera 20 anapangidwa pa zolembedwa za wolemba maseŵero wotchuka C. Goldoni, amene ananenapo kale kuti Galuppi “pakati pa oimba ali chimodzimodzi monga Raphael ali pakati pa ojambula.” Kuphatikiza pa nthabwala za Galuppi, adalembanso zisudzo zazikulu zochokera pamitu yakale: mwachitsanzo, The Abandoned Dido (1741) ndi Iphigenia ku Taurida (1768) yolembedwa ku Russia. Wopeka nyimboyo adatchuka mwachangu ku Italy ndi mayiko ena. Anaitanidwa kukagwira ntchito ku London (1741-43), ndipo mu 1765 - ku St. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nyimbo za kwaya za Galuppi zopangidwira Tchalitchi cha Orthodox (zonse 15). Wopeka nyimboyo m’njira zambiri anathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa kalembedwe katsopano, kosavuta komanso kokhudza mtima kanyimbo ka tchalitchi cha ku Russia. Wophunzira wake anali woimba wotchuka wa ku Russia wotchedwa D. Bortnyansky (anaphunzira ndi Galuppi ku Russia, ndiyeno anapita naye ku Italy).
Atabwerera ku Venice, Galuppi anapitiriza kugwira ntchito zake ku St. Mark's Cathedral komanso kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale. Monga momwe mlendo Wachingelezi C. Burney analembera, “nzeru za Signor Galuppi, mofanana ndi luso la Titian, zimasonkhezeredwa mowonjezereka m’kupita kwa zaka. Tsopano Galuppi ali ndi zaka zosachepera 70, komabe, mwazinthu zonse, zisudzo zake zomaliza ndi nyimbo za tchalitchi zimakhala ndi chidwi, kukoma ndi zongopeka kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse ya moyo wake.
K. Zenkin
