Mbiri ya accordion

M'banja lalikulu ndi laubwenzi la zida zoimbira, aliyense ali ndi mbiri yake, phokoso lake lapadera, makhalidwe ake. Za m'modzi wa iwo - chida chokhala ndi dzina loyengedwa komanso lodziwika bwino - kuyenderana, ndipo tidzakambitsirana.

The accordion watengera katundu wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoimbira. Maonekedwe, amafanana ndi batani la accordion, m'mapangidwe ake amafanana ndi accordion, ndipo ndi makiyi ndi kuthekera kosintha kaundula, ndizofanana ndi piyano. Mbiri ya chida ichi choimbira ndi yodabwitsa, yozunzika ndipo imayambitsabe zokambirana zamoyo m'malo ogwirira ntchito.

Mbiri ya accordion inayamba ku East Ancient, kumene mfundo yopangira phokoso la bango idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba mu chida cha nyimbo cha sheng. Ambuye awiri aluso adayimilira poyambira kulengedwa kwa accordion mwanjira yake yanthawi zonse: wojambula wachi Germany Christian Buschman ndi mmisiri waku Czech Frantisek Kirchner. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti sankadziwana ndipo ankagwira ntchito popanda wina ndi mzake.

Mnyamata wina wazaka 17, dzina lake Christian Bushman, pofuna kupeputsa ntchito yokonza chiwalocho, anapanga chipangizo chosavuta - foloko yopangira kabokosi kakang'ono komwe anaikamo lilime lachitsulo. Bushman atapumira mpweya m’bokosi limeneli ndi pakamwa pake, lilime linayamba kumveka, kutulutsa kamvekedwe ka mawu akutiakuti. Pambuyo pake, Christian anawonjezera chosungiramo mpweya (ubweya) ku pulaniyo, ndipo kotero kuti malilime asagwedezeke panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, iye anawapatsa ma valve. Tsopano, kuti mutenge kamvekedwe kamene mukufuna, kunali koyenera kutsegula valavu pa mbale inayake, ndikusiya zina zonse. Choncho, mu 1821, Bushman anapanga chitsanzo cha harmonica, amene anatcha "aura".

Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, m'zaka za m'ma 1770, wopanga zida za ku Czech, Frantisek Kirchner, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ku khoti lachifumu la Russia, adadza ndi dongosolo latsopano la bango la bango ndikuligwiritsa ntchito monga maziko opangira manja a harmonica. Zinali zochepa zofanana ndi chida chamakono, koma mfundo yaikulu ya kupanga mawu a harmonica inakhalabe yofanana - kugwedezeka kwa mbale yachitsulo motsogoleredwa ndi mpweya wa mpweya, kukanikiza ndi kugwedeza.Patapita nthawi, dzanja harmonica inatha m'manja mwa Viennese limba mbuye Cyril Demian. Anagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti akonze chidacho, ndikuchipatsa, pamapeto pake, mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri. Demian anagawa thupi la chidacho m'zigawo ziwiri zofanana, anaika makiyibodi a dzanja lamanzere ndi lamanja pa iwo ndikulumikiza theka ndi mavuvu. Kiyi iliyonse imafanana ndi chord, yomwe idakonzeratu dzina lake "accordion". Cyril Demian adalengeza mwalamulo dzina la wolemba wa chida chake pa Meyi 6, 1829. Pambuyo pa masiku 17, Demian adalandira chilolezo chopangidwa ndi kupangidwa kwake ndipo kuyambira pamenepo Meyi 23 amawerengedwa kuti ndi tsiku lobadwa la accordion. M'chaka chomwechi, kupanga ndi kugulitsa zida zoimbira zomwe zangopangidwa kumene kunayamba.

Mbiri ya accordion inapitirira pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Adriatic - ku Italy. Kumeneko, pafupi ndi Castelfidardo, mwana wamwamuna wa pafamu, Paulo Soprani, anagula accordion ya Demian kwa mmonke woyendayenda. Mu 1864, atasonkhanitsa akalipentala m'deralo, anatsegula msonkhano, ndipo kenako fakitale, kumene iye ankachita osati kupanga zida, komanso wamakono awo. Chifukwa chake makampani a accordion adabadwa. Accordion mwamsanga anapambana chikondi osati Italy, komanso okhala m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, accordion, pamodzi ndi anthu othawa kwawo, anawoloka nyanja ya Atlantic ndipo anakhazikika ku North America, kumene poyamba ankatchedwa "piyano pazingwe." M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, ma accordion oyamba amagetsi adapangidwa ku USA.

Mpaka pano, accordion ndi chida chodziwika bwino choyimba chomwe chimatha kumveketsa malingaliro amunthu kuchokera pakulakalaka kopanda chiyembekezo mpaka chisangalalo chosangalatsa. Ngakhale zili choncho, akupitirizabe kusintha.