Momwe mungasankhire piyano yatsopano yamayimbidwe?

Piyano yamayimbidwe, makamaka yatsopano, ndi chisonyezo cha njira zamaluso zamabizinesi. Osachepera 200,000 rubles. si aliyense amene angathe kuimba chida choimbira, ndi okhawo amene amamvetsa zimene kulipira.

Kodi mumalipira chiyani mukagula piyano yatsopano yamayimbidwe:

1. Mkhalidwe wabwino wa chida. Sikophweka kuti muunikenso mtundu wa piyano yogwiritsidwa ntchito nokha. Ngati mwawerenga nkhani yathu "Momwe mungasankhire piyano yoyimba yogwiritsidwa ntchito?" , ndiye mukudziwa chifukwa chake (ndipo mukudziwa chifukwa chake simuyenera kudalira chochuniracho!). Mukamagula piyano yatsopano, simuyenera kuphunzira matani azinthu nokha, kuwonera makanema ophunzitsira… ndipo khalani osatsimikiza za chisankho chanu.
2. Kochepa zosasangalatsa zodabwitsa. Kaya chidacho chikhoza kuyimbidwa, kaya chidzasiya kuyimba m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira, kaya kukonzanso kwakukulu kapena kukonzanso kumafunika - mafunso onsewa amazimiririka okha pogula piyano yatsopano. Nthawi zambiri kukonza chida chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo kuposa kugula chatsopano.
3. Ngakhale zodabwitsa zochepa. Palibe amene amatetezedwa ku zowonongeka zobisika zomwe zimachitika panthawi yosungidwa molakwika ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Komanso, chida chilichonse chimakhala ndi nthawi yakeyake, ndipo palibe amene akudziwa kuti moyo uno udzatha liti piyano yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi piyano yatsopano, zonse ndi zophweka: zimatsimikiziridwa nthawi zonse.
4. Ndikosavuta kusiya. Gwirizanani kuti ndizosavuta kugulitsanso piyano yomwe idalipo kale ndi yatsopano: mumadziwa bwino zomwe zidasungidwa, yemwe adayimba, pomwe idatengedwa.
5. Manyamulidwe. Mavuto ndi mayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa piyano yatsopano adzatengedwa ndi wogulitsa, ndikutsimikizira chitetezo chake. Pankhani ya chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito, inu nokha mudzayenera kulamulira ndondomekoyi, chifukwa. Mwiniwake wam'mbuyoyo sangabweze.

Posankha piyano yatsopano, tcherani khutu ku:

Zinthu zakuthupi. Phokoso khalidwe zimadalira zinthu zimene thupi ndi zokuzira mawu amapangidwa . Akatswiri amalangiza mitengo yamtengo wapatali: beech, mtedza, mahogany. Kwambiri zomveka zida zopangidwa ndi spruce. Kampani iliyonse yodzilemekeza imapanga deco kuchokera ku spruce. Ofufuza a m’zaka za m’ma 19 anapeza kuti liŵiro la mawu a mtengo wa spruce ndi lalikulu kuŵirikiza ka 15 kuposa mumlengalenga.

Kupeza mtengo woyenera piyano si kophweka: spruce nyimbo ayenera kukula kwa zaka zoposa zana pa otsetsereka kumpoto kwa phiri mu nthaka yapadera, ngakhale mphete mu nkhuni popanda chilema chilichonse. Choncho, mtengo wabwino wa nyimbo ndi wokwera mtengo, ndipo nawo piyano yokha.

Kupanga zida. Wopanga aliyense ali ndi zinsinsi zake kuti apange piyano yabwino. Miyambo ya ambuye aku Germany ndi matekinoloje atsopano apadera opangidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri ali pamtengo waukulu. Kukwera kwa kalasi ya chidacho, ntchito yochuluka imachitika ndi manja, mwachitsanzo, kupanga piyano yamtengo wapatali kumafuna mpaka 90% ntchito yamanja. Choncho, kwambiri misa ndi makina kupanga, kutsika kwa kalasi ndi mtengo.

Mndandanda. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yambiri yomwe kampani imapanga, imakhalanso yabwinoko.

Mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Piyano yabwino yaku Germany imapezeka pamtengo wapamwamba, kapena pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Mu ndi chachiwiri, kampaniyo sikhala yopambana kwambiri, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti chidacho chidzakhala chotsika kwambiri.

Ma voliyumu ogulitsa. Fananizani makampani omwe ali mkati mwamitengo yanu: mafakitale ambiri aku Europe tsopano akugwirizana ndi anzawo aku China komanso ma piyano amtundu wa ogula ambiri. Zoonadi, zida izi sizikuyerekeza ndi kupanga kwachidutswa chapamwamba kwambiri, kaya mumtundu kapena kuchuluka kwamitundu yogulitsidwa.

Piyano ndi chida chokwera mtengo, chimafuna khama komanso ntchito yabwino. Komanso, khalidweli silimangodalira zipangizo zokha, komanso matekinoloje apadera omwe apangidwa ndi kupukutidwa ndi amisiri otsogola kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Choncho, miyambo ndi luso zimayamikiridwa makamaka, zomwe mwazokha ndizofanana ndi luso. Choncho classification:

Maphunziro apamwamba

Ma piano apamwamba kwambiri - zida zapamwamba - zimatha zaka zana kapena kupitilira apo. Amapangidwa pafupifupi ndi manja: oposa 90% amapangidwa ndi manja a anthu. Zida zoterezi zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono: izi zimatsimikizira kudalirika kwa chidacho ndi luso labwino kwambiri potengera kutulutsa mawu.

Zowala kwambiri ndi Steinway & Ana (Germany, USA), C. Becstein (Germany) - piyano yokhala ndi mbiri yakale komanso miyambo yakale. Ma piyano akuluakulu amtunduwu amakongoletsa magawo abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ma piyano sali otsika mumtundu kwa "abale akulu" awo.

Steinway & Ana imadziwika ndi mawu ake olemera, olemera, okhala ndi matekinoloje opitilira 120 ovomerezeka, omwe amaphatikiza makoma am'mbali kukhala chinthu chimodzi.

Chithunzi ndi C.Bechstein chikonzero 

C. Bechstein, pa M'malo mwake, amapambana mitima ndi mawu ofewa amoyo. Anakondedwa ndi ambuye monga Franz Liszt ndi Claude Debussy, otsimikiza kuti C.Bechstein yekha ndi amene akanatha kupeka nyimbo. Ku Russia, chida ichi chidakondedwa kwambiri, ngakhale mawu akuti "play the Bechsteins" adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mason & Hamlin ndi kampani ina yomwe imapanga piano zazikulu zomaliza komanso zoyimba zowongoka (USA). Amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono pomanga sitimayo. The soundboard amasunga mawonekedwe ake - ndipo, motero, choyambirira kumveka - chifukwa chakuti mipiringidzo yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosasunthika imakhala yofanana ndi mafani pansi pa soundboard (kwa piyano - mu chimango), yokonzedwa ndi katswiri pa fakitale - ndikukhala ndi udindo wawo kwamuyaya, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu ndi nyengo. Chifukwa cha izi, piyano itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri popanda kusokoneza machitidwe akusewera mawonekedwe ndi soundboard.

Piyano ndi piyano yayikulu  Bosendorfer

The Austrian Bosendorfer amapanga thupi kuchokera ku Bavarian spruce, motero phokoso lolemera, lakuya. M'zaka za zana la 19, kampaniyo inali yogulitsa zida zazikulu za piano ku khoti la ku Austria. Ndipo lero sichidziwika kokha chifukwa cha mtundu wake, komanso zida zake zapadera zokhala ndi makiyi 92 ndi 97 m'malo mwa 88 wamba (ndi makiyi ang'onoang'ono owonjezera). ) . Mu 2007, Yamaha adatenga kampaniyo, koma ma piyano akupitilizabe kupangidwa pansi pa mtundu wa Bösendorfer: Yamaha samasokoneza kupanga.

limba  Steingraeber & Sohne

Piyano ya kampani yeniyeni yaku Germany Steingraeber & Söhne si otsika mu makhalidwe ake nyimbo kwa ena grand piyano choncho nthawi zambiri ntchito ngakhale pa siteji. Mwachitsanzo, Theatre Theatre ya Bayreuth (komwe piyano inabadwira) yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito 122 chitsanzo cha ambiri zaka . Kuyambira 1867, kampaniyo yakhala bizinesi yabanja ndipo yakhala ikupanga ma piyano apamwamba kwambiri (Piyano Yabwino Kwambiri Padziko Lonse) kumayitanitsa payekhapayekha ku Bayreuth manufactory. Palibe kupanga kosalekeza, mafakitale aku China ndi zamkhutu zina. Chilichonse ndi chachikulu mu Chijeremani.

mkulu kalasi

Popanga piyano yapamwamba kwambiri, ambuye amasinthidwa ndi zida zamakina zowongolera manambala. Mwanjira iyi, nthawi imasungidwa mpaka miyezi 6-10, ngakhale kupanga kumakhala kochepa. Zida zimagwira ntchito mokhulupirika kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 50.

Bluthner ndi piano zenizeni zaku Germany zopangidwa ku Leipzig. M’zaka za m’ma 60 m’zaka za m’ma 19, Blüthner anapereka piano ndi ma piano ku mabwalo a Mfumukazi Victoria, Mfumu ya ku Germany, Sultan wa ku Turkey, Mfumu ya ku Russia ndi Mfumu ya ku Saxony. Mu 1867 analandira mphoto yaikulu pa Paris International Exhibition. Blutner anali ndi: Claude Debussy, Dodi Smith, Max Reger, Richard Wagner, Strauss, Dmitri Shostakovich. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky adanena kuti Blutner ndi ungwiro. Sergei Rachmaninov analemba m’zolemba zake kuti: “Pali zinthu ziwiri zokha zimene ndinapita nazo ku America… mkazi wanga ndi Blutner wanga wamtengo wapatali.”

Rachmaninoff ndi ake  Blüthner piyano

Seiler , wopanga piyano wamkulu kwambiri ku Ulaya, anayambika m’chaka cha 1849. Panthaŵiyo, Eduard Seiler anapanga piyano yake yoyamba mu mzinda wa Liegnitz (gawo la kum’maŵa kwa Germany mpaka 1945). Kale mu 1872, limba Seiler adalandira Mendulo ya Golide ku Moscow chifukwa cha mawu ake abwino kwambiri. Ndi kupambana kumeneku ku Moscow, chitukuko chofulumira cha kampani chimayamba. Pofika kuchiyambi kwa zaka za m’ma 20, Seiler anali atakhala fakitale yaikulu kwambiri ya piyano ku East Germany.

Piano ndi Piano  Seiler

Achifalansa Pleyel  akutchedwa "Ferrari pakati pa piano" . Ntchitoyi inakhazikitsidwa ndi wolemba nyimbo wa ku Austria IJ Pleyel mu 1807. Ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, fakitaleyo inakhala yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga piyano. Tsopano mtengo wa piyanozi umasiyana kuchokera pa 42,000 mpaka 200,000 mayuro. Koma mu 2013, kupanga Pleyel watsopano kudatsekedwa chifukwa chosapindulitsa.

Pleyel Sankhani

Kalasi yapakatikati

Pianos apakati amapangidwa mofulumira kwambiri - m'miyezi 4-5, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumndandanda (osati kulamula payekha); kutumikira kwa zaka pafupifupi 15.

Zimmermann . Ma piano awa amapangidwa mufakitale ya Bechstein pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga piano zazikulu za Bechstein. Magawo a piyano amapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zosankhidwa mwapadera, zokonzedwa mosamala ndikulumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake piano za Zimmermann zimakhala ndi mawu osalala, omveka bwino ma regista .

August Förster kuchokera ku East Germany, pomwe Giacomo Puccini adalemba zisudzo Tosca ndi Madama Butterfly. Fakitale yayikulu ili mumzinda wa Löbau (Germany), m'zaka za zana la 20 gawo lina linatsegulidwa ku Jiříkov (Czech Republic). Mabwana a  August Förster  ali okonzeka kuyesa ndi kudabwa ndi zida zawo. Kotero mu 1928, piyano ya quarter-tone (ndi piyano yaikulu) inapangidwa kwa woimba wa ku Russia I. Vyshnegradsky: mapangidwe ake anali awiri. njira , chilichonse chinali ndi chimango chake, bolodi la mawu ndi zingwe. Mmodzi mawonekedwe idasinthidwa kotala la mawu apamwamba kuposa ena - kuti achite zodabwitsa za Vyshnegradsky.

Piyano yayikulu ya kotala ndi piyano  August Förster

Kampani yaku Germany Grotrian-Steinweg inakhazikitsidwa ndi munthu yemweyo monga Steinway & Sons ku America, Henry Steinway (wodziwika asanasamuke ku USA pansi pa dzina la Heinrich Steinweg). Kenako bwenzi lake Grotrian anagula fakitaleyo napereka choloŵa kwa ana ake aamuna kuti: “Anyamata, pangani zida zabwino, zina zonse zibwera.” Umu ndi momwe chimango chapansi chooneka ngati nyenyezi ndi zina zambiri zaukadaulo zidapangidwira. Kuyambira 2015, kampaniyo yakhala ikugwirizana ndi kampani yaku China Parsons Music Group.

limba  Grotrian-Steinweg

W. Steinberg zida , wobadwira ku Thuringia zaka 135 zapitazo, akupangidwabe ku Germany. Piyano ya W.Steinberg imakhala ndi magawo opitilira 6000, 60% omwe amapangidwa ndi matabwa, kuphatikizapo a zokuzira mawu zopangidwa ndi spruce wa Alaska. The soundboard , mzimu wa piyano, umadutsa motsatizana za kufufuza kwabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lowala komanso lolemera. Kukhulupirika kwa zaka za 135 za miyambo ndi zamakono zamakono zimapangitsa zida izi kukhala zabwino kwambiri.

limba  W. Steinberg

Opanga piyano zaku Germany Kudumpha ikani phokoso patsogolo, kotero mpaka pano, monga zaka 200 zapitazo, mbali zazikulu zomwe zimapanga moyo wa piyano zimapangidwa ndi manja.

Ma piano aku Germany ogulitsidwa kwambiri pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20 ndi Schimmel . Tsopano anakulitsa mzere wa piano zazikulu ndi piano. Kwa apakati, ma piyano a "International" amapangidwa: mapangidwe osavuta otengera mtengo wa "Classic" wamtengo wapatali, magawo ofunikira amapangidwa ku Germany.

Dzina losangalatsa la Chirasha limaperekedwa kwa piano yaku Czech Petrof , zomwe zatchuka padziko lonse lapansi: Petrof walandira mobwerezabwereza mendulo za golide pa ziwonetsero zotchuka za ku Ulaya. Petrof ndizofala kwambiri m'mabungwe a maphunziro aku Russia: mwina palibe sukulu imodzi yanyimbo yopanda piyano kuchokera kwa wopanga uyu.

Piyano yayikulu ndi piyano Petrof

Mpikisano woyenerera kwa Ajeremani pakupanga piyano unapangidwa ndi Yamaha nkhawa . Yamaha ndi mtsogoleri wodziwika m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikizapo piyano yamayimbidwe. Thorakusu Yamaha adayamba kukwera kwake ndi zida zoimbira. Mpaka lero, ma piano apamwamba a Yamaha ali ndi miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yokongola. Piyano iliyonse imapangidwa ndiukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa Yamaha, pogwiritsa ntchito mainjiniya ndi opanga aposachedwa a Yamaha.
Ma piano akuluakulu a Yamaha ali m'gulu lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Umisiri womwewo umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga piano. Mafakitale a Yamaha ali ku Japan, Kokegawa, komwe amapangidwa okwera mtengo kwambiri, komanso ku Indonesia (makalasi ogula).

Zolondola chikonzero 

ogula kalasi

Kuchokera ku Germany kupita kummawa, tikusiya pang'onopang'ono luso lapamwamba la piano ndikupita ku zitsanzo za ogula. Ili ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wa ma ruble 200,000, kotero poyerekeza ndi zida za digito, ma piyano awa akadali zimphona zamaluso oimba.

Zimatenga miyezi 3-4 kupanga piyano yotere; zida zimagwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Kupanga kumapangidwa mokhazikika momwe ndingathere, motero kupanga kwakukulu. Ma piano awa akuphatikizapo:

Ma piano aku South Korea ndi Samick piano . Mu 1980, katswiri wa piyano Klais Fenner (Germany) anayamba kugwira ntchito ku Samick. Pansi pa chizindikiro chake, Samick amapanga pianos opangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matabwa, komanso mitundu yambiri ya piyano pansi pa malonda: Samick , Pramberger, Wm. Knabe & Co., Kohler & Campbell ndi Gebrüder Schulze. Kupanga kwakukulu kuli ku Indonesia. Zida zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za Roslau (Germany).

Piyano ndi piyano yayikulu mkanjo

Nkhawa zaku South Korea Wachinyamata Chang amatulutsa mkanjo piano . Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1852 ku Bavaria, Weber adagulidwa ndi aku Korea pakati pa zaka za zana la 20. Choncho, tsopano zipangizo Weber, mbali imodzi, ndi mwambo German, Komano, iwo angakwanitse, chifukwa. yopangidwa ku China, komwe Young Chang wamanga fakitale yake yatsopano.

Kawai Corporation , yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1927 ku Japan, ndi m'modzi mwa atsogoleri otsogola pakupanga limba ndi piano zazikulu. Shigeru Kawai ma piyano akuluakulu amapikisano amapikisana ndi ma piyano apamwamba kwambiri apamwamba. Kampaniyo yakhazikitsa kupanga ku Japan, Indonesia ndi China. Ngati chida chapangidwa ku Japan kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, chimagwera m'gulu la zida zapamwamba. Zokwera mtengo kwambiri ndi piano za ku Indonesia kapena ku China (ngakhale ndi zigawo za Japan).

Ma piano ndi ma piyano akulu  Ritmuller

Ritmuller piyano , yomwe yakhalapo kuyambira 1795, ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwawo ku miyambo ya ku Ulaya ya amisiri oimba. Ponena za zomangamanga, amasiyanitsidwa ndi sitima yapawiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lofunda komanso lolemera (lomwe limadziwika kuti "Euro Sound"). Pambuyo pophatikizana ndi wopanga zida zazikulu zaku China, Mtsinje wa Pearl , adatha kukulitsa luso lopanga ndikupanga piano zotsika mtengo kwinaku akusunga miyambo ya ambuye aku Europe.

Pearl River imapanganso piyano zake, pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zina za Chijeremani, kuphatikizapo Roslau zingwe ndi Ritmuller zochita.

Kuphatikiza kwa khalidwe la ku Ulaya ndi mphamvu zaku China kunapatsa ogula misala ma piyano ngati Brodmann (kampani yomwe ili ndi mbiri yazaka mazana awiri, Austria-China), Irmler (ubwino wochokera ku Blüthner, Germany-China), mbalame (ndi Shimmel mechanics, Poland-China), Bohemia ( otengedwa ndi C. Bechstein, Czech Republic-China) ndi ena.

Posankha piyano, mosakayikira mudzakumana ndi deta yongotengera zomwe mumakonda komanso zomwe mumakonda. Izi ndizofanana ndi zaluso. Pali akatswiri omwe amadzudzula piyano zatsopano zaku China mwamphamvu kwambiri, pali ena omwe amatcha zida zomwe zidagwiritsidwa kale ntchito kuti ndi zopanda pake komanso "nkhuni". Choncho, phunzirani msika, yang'anani pa zosowa zanu ndi mwayi, mvetserani zida ndikudzidalira nokha.

Wolemba Elena Voronova

Sankhani piyano yamayimbidwe mu sitolo yapaintaneti "Wophunzira"