Mbiri ya makona atatu
Masiku ano katatu inafalitsidwa kwambiri. Ndi ya gulu loyimba la zida za orchestra. Ndi ndodo yachitsulo yopindika ngati kagawo kakang'ono ka isosceles. Ngodya imodzi mmenemo sinatsekedwe, ndiko kuti, malekezero a ndodo samakhudza kwathunthu. Ndilo mawonekedwe omwe adatsimikizira dzina lake. Ngakhale kuti zitsanzo zoyamba za chida ichi zinalibe mawonekedwe a katatu, zinali za trapezoidal ndipo zimafanana ndi chipwirikiti chapakati. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zithunzi zomwe zatsala za ojambula a Chingerezi ndi Chiitaliya.
Lingaliro la "triangle" lidayamba kukumana mu 1389, muzogulitsa katundu wa mzinda wa Württemberg. Ndizovuta kunena ndendende kuti chidacho chidayamba liti mawonekedwe odziwika kwa ife, koma ndizotsimikizika kuti pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. panali kale atatu a mitundu yake, ndiyeno asanu.
Tsoka ilo, mbiri sinathe kusunga zolondola zokhudza chiyambi cha makona atatu. Malingana ndi mmodzi wa iwo, iye anawonekera kummawa, ku Turkey. Amatchulidwa koyamba m'zaka za zana la 50. Mu oimba, makona atatu adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Izi zidayamba chifukwa chokonda nyimbo zakum'mawa.
M'dziko lathu, makona atatu adawoneka cha m'ma 1775, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwachilendo, chakum'mawa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba idamveka mu opera ya Gretry "Matsenga Achinsinsi". Zimadziwika kuti m'magulu oimba nyimbo zankhondo zidawuka kale kwambiri. Choncho, mu Russia, mu nthawi chisanadze kusintha, iye anali wotchuka mu asilikali Elizabeth Petrovna. Ku Russia, makona atatu amatchedwanso snaffle, koma, mwamwayi, dzina lachilendoli silinalowe mu oimba. M'mabuku a Viennese classics (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven) adagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsanzira nyimbo zaku Turkey. Olemba ambiri, kuyesera kufotokoza zithunzi za kum'maŵa, analemeretsa phale la mawu a ntchito zawo ndi phokoso la chida chodabwitsa ichi.
Udindo wa makona atatu mu oimba. N'zovuta kulingalira gulu lamakono la ochita masewera popanda kutenga nawo mbali pamakona atatu. Masiku ano, palibe zoletsa pa repertoire yake kwa iye. Zowonadi, monga momwe zimasonyezera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makona atatuwa amadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga tremolo ndi glissando, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafanizo osavuta a rhythmic. Chida choimbira ichi chimakonda kusangalatsa komanso kulemeretsa oimba a orchestra, ndikuchipatsa ulemu, ulemu komanso wanzeru.
Phokoso la chida. Makona atatu ndi chida chomwe chilibe kutalika kwake. Zolemba kwa iye, monga lamulo, zimalembedwa nthawi iliyonse popanda makiyi, pa "ulusi". Ali ndi mikhalidwe yodabwitsa ya timbre. Phokoso lake limatha kufotokozedwa ngati: sonorous, kuwala, kowala, kowonekera, konyezimira komanso kowoneka bwino. Wosewera yemwe ali nayo ayenera kukhala ndi luso linalake. Ikhoza kukhudza mlingo wa mphamvu ndi kulenga khalidwe linalake ndi chithandizo chake, kutenga nawo mbali mu chifaniziro cha sonority wofewa kwambiri ndikuthandizira kupindula kwa orchestral tutti.
Chikondwerero. Ku Greece, Madzulo a Chaka Chatsopano ndi Madzulo a Khrisimasi, katatu ndi chida chodziwika kwambiri. Ana amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu angapo, amapita kunyumba ndi nyumba ndikuyamikira, akuimba nyimbo (mu Russia amatchedwa "carols", ku Greece - "kalanta"), akutsagana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, zomwe katatu si komaliza. malo. Chifukwa cha mitundu yowoneka bwino ya phokoso, kamvekedwe kake kamathandizira kuti pakhale chisangalalo komanso mpweya wabwino.
