Nyimbo za akaidi andale: kuchokera ku Varshavyanka kupita ku Kolyma

Osintha, "akaidi a chikumbumtima", otsutsa, "adani a anthu" - akaidi a ndale akhala akutchedwa monga momwe adachitira zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Komabe, kodi zonse zokhudza dzinali? Ndi iko komwe, munthu woganiza, wolingalira mosapeŵeka adzadedwa ndi boma lirilonse, ulamuliro uliwonse. Monga momwe Alexander Solzhenitsyn ananenera molondola, “olamulira saopa amene ali otsutsana nawo, koma amene ali pamwamba pawo.”

Akuluakulu amatha kuthana ndi otsutsa malinga ndi mfundo yachiwopsezo chathunthu - "nkhalango yadulidwa, tchipisi timawuluka", kapena amasankha, kuyesera "kudzipatula, koma kusunga." Ndipo njira yosankhidwa yodzipatula ndi kumangidwa kapena kumsasa. Panali nthawi yomwe anthu ambiri okondweretsa adasonkhana m'misasa ndi madera. Pakati pawo panalinso olemba ndakatulo ndi oimba. Umu ndi momwe nyimbo za akaidi a ndale zinayambira.

Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ku Poland…

Chimodzi mwa zoyamba zosinthika mwaluso za chiyambi cha ndende ndi otchuka "Warshavyanka". Dzinali silinangochitika mwangozi - ndithudi, mawu oyambirira a nyimboyi ndi ochokera ku Poland ndipo ndi a Vaclav Svenicki. Iye, nayenso, adadalira "March of the Zouave" (omwe amatchedwa asilikali a ku France omwe anamenya nkhondo ku Algeria).

Varshavyanka

Mawuwa anamasuliridwa m'Chirasha ndi "katswiri wosintha zinthu" komanso mnzake wa Lenin, Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. Izi zinachitika ali m’ndende ya Butyrka, mu 1897. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake, lembalo linasindikizidwa. Nyimboyi, monga amanenera, idapita kwa anthu: idayitana kuti imenyana, kumatchinga. Inayimbidwa mosangalala mpaka kutha kwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

Kuchokera kundende kupita ku ufulu wamuyaya

Ulamuliro wa tsarist unkachitira opandukawo momasuka: kuthamangitsidwa kukakhala ku Siberia, ndende zazifupi, nthawi zambiri aliyense kupatulapo mamembala a Narodnaya Volya ndi zigawenga adapachikidwa kapena kuwomberedwa. Pambuyo pa zonse, akaidi a ndale atapita ku imfa yawo kapena kuona anzawo akugwa paulendo wawo womaliza wachisoni, anaimba ulendo wamaliro. “Munagwa munkhondo yakupha”. Mlembi wa lemba ndi Anton Amosov, amene anafalitsidwa pansi pa pseudonym Arkady Arkhangelsky. Maziko a nyimbo amakhazikitsidwa ndi ndakatulo ya wakhungu wazaka za m'ma 19, wa m'nthawi ya Pushkin, Ivan Kozlov, "ng'oma siinamenyedwe pamaso pa gulu lovuta ...". Inakhazikitsidwa ku nyimbo ndi woimba A. Varlamov.

Inu munagwa mu nkhondo yakupha

N’zochititsa chidwi kuti limodzi mwa mavesiwa likutchula nkhani ya m’Baibulo ya Mfumu Belisazara, yemwe sanamvere ulosi wochititsa mantha wonena za imfa yake komanso ya Babulo yense. Komabe, kukumbukira uku sikunavutitse aliyense - pambuyo pake, m'mawu a nyimbo ya akaidi a ndale panali chikumbutso chowopsya kwa olamulira ankhanza amakono kuti kusamvana kwawo kudzagwa posachedwa, ndipo anthu adzakhala "akuluakulu, amphamvu, omasuka. .” Nyimboyi inali yotchuka kwambiri moti kwa zaka khumi ndi theka, kuchokera mu 1919 mpaka 1932. nyimbo zake zinkamveka ngati kulira kwa Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin pamene pakati pausiku panafika.

Nyimboyi inalinso yotchuka pakati pa akaidi a ndale “Kuzunzidwa ndi ukapolo waukali” – kulira comrade wagwa. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake chinali maliro a wophunzira Pavel Chernyshev, yemwe anafa ndi chifuwa chachikulu m'ndende, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri awonetsere. Wolemba ndakatulo amaonedwa kuti ndi GA Machtet, ngakhale kuti kulembedwa kwake sikunalembedwe - kunali koyenera kuti n'kotheka. Pali nthano yakuti nyimboyi inayimba asanaphedwe ndi Young Guard ku Krasnodon m'nyengo yozizira ya 1942.

Kuzunzidwa ndi ukapolo wolemera

Pamene palibe chotaya ...

Nyimbo za akaidi andale a nthawi ya Stalinist mochedwa ndizo, choyamba, "Ndikukumbukira doko la Vanino" и "Kudutsa Tundra". Doko la Vanino linali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific. Idakhala ngati malo osinthira; masitima apamtunda okhala ndi akaidi anali kutumizidwa kuno ndi kukwezedwanso m'zombo. Ndiyeno - Magadan, Kolyma, Dalstroy ndi Sevvostlag. Tikayang'ana kuti doko Vanino anaikidwa ntchito m'chilimwe cha 1945, nyimbo inalembedwa osati kale kuposa tsiku.

Ndikukumbukira doko la Vanino lija

Aliyense amene adatchulidwa kuti ndi olemba malembawo - olemba ndakatulo otchuka Boris Ruchev, Boris Kornilov, Nikolai Zabolotsky, ndipo osadziwika kwa anthu onse Fyodor Demin-Blagoveshchensky, Konstantin Sarakhanov, Grigory Alexandrov. Ambiri mwachidziwitso cholemba chakumapeto - pali autograph yochokera ku 1951. Zoonadi, nyimboyo inasiya wolembayo, inakhala nthano ndipo inapeza mitundu yambiri ya malemba. Zoonadi, mawuwa alibe chochita ndi mbava zachikale; pamaso pathu pali ndakatulo zapamwamba kwambiri.

Ponena za nyimbo ya "Phunzitsani Vorkuta-Leningrad" (dzina lina ndi "Kudutsa Tundra"), nyimbo yake imatikumbutsa za nyimbo yapabwalo ya misozi ya "Mwana wamkazi wa Wosuma". Ufulu udatsimikiziridwa posachedwa ndikulembetsedwa ndi Grigory Shurmak. Kuthawa m'misasa kunali kosowa kwambiri - othawawo sakanatha kumvetsa kuti amayenera kuphedwa kapena kuphedwa mochedwa. Ndipo, ngakhale kuli tero, nyimboyi imasimba ndakatulo chikhumbo chosatha cha akaidi kaamba ka ufulu ndipo yadzala ndi chidani cha alonda. Mtsogoleri Eldar Ryazanov anaika nyimbo iyi mkamwa mwa ngwazi za filimuyo "Lonjezo la Kumwamba". Chotero nyimbo za akaidi andale zadziko zikupitirizabe kukhalapo lerolino.

Ndi tundra, ndi njanji…