Horn nkhani

Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chijeremani, Waldhorn amatanthauza nyanga ya nkhalango. Nyanga ndi mphepo chida choimbira, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi mkuwa. Imaoneka ngati chubu chachitali chachitsulo chokhala ndi pakamwa, chomwe chimathera ndi belu lalikulu. Chida choimbirachi chili ndi mawu osangalatsa kwambiri. Mbiri ya nyangayi inayambira kale kwambiri, ndipo ndi zaka masauzande angapo.

Lipenga, lomwe linapangidwa ndi mkuwa ndipo linagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chodziwikiratu ndi ankhondo a Roma Yakale, likhoza kuonedwa kuti ndilo loyamba la nyanga ya ku France. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu wa asilikali wachiroma dzina lake Alekizanda Wamkulu ankagwiritsa ntchito lipenga lofanana ndi limeneli popereka zizindikiro, koma masiku amenewo sankaganizira za masewera alionse.

M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, lipenga linali lofala kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo ndi mabwalo amilandu. Nyanga za siginecha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamasewera osiyanasiyana, kusaka, komanso nkhondo zambiri. Msilikali aliyense amene ankamenya nawo nkhondo anali ndi nyanga yakeyake.

Nyanga za zizindikiro zinapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe, choncho sizinali zolimba kwambiri. Sanali oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Patapita nthawi, amisiri omwe amapanga nyanga adazindikira kuti ndi bwino kuzipanga kuchokera kuzitsulo, kuwapatsa mawonekedwe achilengedwe a nyanga za nyama popanda kupindika kwambiri. Kulira kwa nyanga zotere kunafalikira m’dera lonselo, zomwe zinathandiza kuzigwiritsira ntchito posaka nyama zazikulu za nyanga. Zinali zofala kwambiri ku France m'zaka za m'ma 60 za zaka za m'ma 17. Pambuyo pazaka makumi angapo, kusinthika kwa nyanga kunapitilira ku Bohemia. M'masiku amenewo, oimba malipenga ankaimba malipenga, koma ku Bohemia kunali sukulu yapadera, yomwe omaliza maphunziro awo anakhala oimba lipenga. Sizinali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 pamene nyanga za chizindikiro zinayamba kutchedwa "nyanga yachilengedwe" kapena "nyanga yoyera". Nyanga zachilengedwe zinali machubu achitsulo, omwe m'munsi mwake anali pafupifupi masentimita 0,9, ndipo pa belu anali oposa 30 centimita. Kutalika kwa machubu oterowo mu mawonekedwe owongoka kumatha kukhala kuchokera ku 3,5 mpaka 5 metres.

Woyimba nyanga kuchokera ku Bohemia AI Hampl, yemwe adatumikira ku bwalo lachifumu ku Dresden, kuti asinthe phokoso la chidacho pochikweza, adayamba kuyika tampon yofewa mu belu la lipenga. Patapita nthawi, Humple anazindikira kuti ntchito ya tampon ikhoza kuchitidwa mokwanira ndi dzanja la woimba. Patapita nthawi, onse oimba lipenga anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi.

Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18, nyanga zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu opera, symphony ndi magulu amkuwa. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu zinachitika mu opera Mfumukazi Elis ndi wolemba JB Lully. Posakhalitsa, nyangayo inali ndi mapaipi owonjezera omwe anaikidwa pakati pa chomangira chapakamwa ndi chitoliro chachikulu. Anatsitsa phokoso la chida choimbira.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19, valve inapangidwa, yomwe inali kusintha kwakukulu komaliza mu chida. Mapangidwe odalirika kwambiri anali makina a valve atatu. Mmodzi mwa olemba oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito lipenga loterolo anali Wagner. Pofika zaka za m'ma 70s m'zaka za zana la 19, lipenga lofananalo, lotchedwa chromatic, lidalowa m'malo mwachilengedwe kuchokera kwa oimba.

M'zaka za zana la 20, nyanga zokhala ndi valve yowonjezera zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama, zomwe zinakulitsa mwayi wosewera mu kaundula wapamwamba. Mu 1971, gulu la nyanga zapadziko lonse lapansi linaganiza zotcha nyangayo "nyanga".

Mu 2007, gabae ndi Horn adakhala Guinness World Record ngati zida zoimbira zovuta kwambiri kwa oimba.