Harmonica: zida zikuchokera, mbiri, mitundu, kusewera njira, momwe kusankha

Harmonica ndi chida choimbira cha bango la mphepo chimene anthu ambiri amachikumbukira kuyambira ali ana. Amadziwika ndi phokoso lachitsulo chogwedezeka, lomwe lapangitsa kuti likhale lodziwika bwino m'magulu otsatirawa: blues, jazz, dziko, rock ndi nyimbo za dziko. Harmonica idakhudza kwambiri mitundu iyi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndipo oimba ambiri akupitiliza kuyimba lero.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya harmonicas: chromatic, diatonic, octave, tremolo, bass, orchestral, ndi zina zotero. Chidacho ndi chophatikizika, chogulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika mtengo ndipo ndizothekadi kuphunzira kuyisewera nokha.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito

Kuti atulutse phokoso pa chipangizocho, mpweya umawulutsidwa kapena kukokeredwa kudzera m'mabowo ake. Wosewera wa harmonica amasintha malo ndi mawonekedwe a milomo, lilime, kupuma ndi kutuluka mwa kusintha mphamvu ndi mafupipafupi - chifukwa chake, phokoso limasinthanso. Kawirikawiri pali nambala pamwamba pa mabowo, mwachitsanzo, pa zitsanzo za diatonic kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 10. Nambalayo imasonyeza cholembacho, ndipo m'munsi mwake ndi, cholembera chochepa.

Chidacho chilibe chipangizo chovuta: izi ndi mbale ziwiri zokhala ndi mabango. Pamwamba pali malirime omwe amagwira ntchito potulutsa mpweya (pamene woimbayo akuwomba mumlengalenga), pansi - pa inhalation (kukokera mkati). Mabalawa amamangiriridwa ku thupi, ndipo amawabisa pansi ndi pamwamba. Kutalika kwa mipata pa mbale kumasiyanasiyana, koma pamene ali pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake, kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumadutsa m'malilime ndi malo otsetsereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malilimewo azigwedezeka. Ndi chifukwa cha mapangidwe awa kuti chidacho chimatchedwa bango.

Jet ya mpweya ikupita (kapena kunja) mu "thupi" la harmonica imapangitsa mabango kugwedezeka. Ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti phokosolo limapangidwa pamene bango likugunda zolemba, koma magawo awiriwa samalumikizana. Pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa kagawo ndi lilime. Pa Sewero, kugwedezeka kumapangidwa - lilime "limagwera" mu slot, motero limalepheretsa kutuluka kwa mpweya. Motero, phokoso limadalira mmene ndege ya mpweya imayendera.

Mbiri ya harmonica

Harmonica imatengedwa ngati chiwalo champhepo chokhala ndi malingaliro akumadzulo. Chitsanzo choyamba chophatikizika chinawonekera mu 1821. Anapangidwa ndi wojambula wachi German Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann. Mlengi anabwera ndi dzina lake "aura". Cholengedwacho chinkawoneka ngati mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipata 15 yomwe inaphimba malirime opangidwa ndi chitsulo. Pankhani ya kapangidwe kake, chidacho chinali chofanana kwambiri ndi foloko yosinthira, pomwe zolembazo zinali ndi dongosolo la chromatic, ndipo mawuwo amangotulutsidwa potulutsa mpweya.

Mu 1826, mbuye wina dzina lake Richter anapanga harmonica yokhala ndi mabango 20 ndi mabowo 10 (inhale / exhale). Anapangidwa ndi mkungudza. Adzaperekanso malo omwe diatonic scale (Richter system) inagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kenako, mankhwala ambiri ku Ulaya anayamba kutchedwa "Mundharmonika" (mphepo chiwalo).

North America inali ndi mbiri yakeyake. Idabweretsedwa kumeneko ndi Matthias Hohner mu 1862 (asanakulilitse" kudziko lakwawo), yemwe pofika 1879 anali kupanga pafupifupi 700 zikwi za harmonicas pachaka. Chidacho chinafala kwambiri ku United States m’zaka za Kupsinjika Kwakukulu ndi Nkhondo Yadziko II. Kenako anthu akumwera anabweretsa harmonica pamodzi nawo. Honer mwamsanga adadziwika pamsika wa nyimbo - pofika m'chaka cha 1900 kampani yake inali itapanga ma harmonicas 5 miliyoni, omwe anabalalika mwamsanga ku Dziko Lakale ndi Latsopano.

Mitundu ya harmonicas

Oimba aluso omwe amadziwa bwino harmonica amalangiza kutali ndi mtundu uliwonse ngati woyamba. Si za khalidwe, ndi za mtundu. Mitundu ya zida ndi momwe zimasiyanirana:

• Oimba. Zosowa. Komanso, pali: bass, chord, ndi zolemba zingapo. Zovuta kuphunzira, kotero si oyenera oyamba kumene.
• Chromatic. Ma harmonicas awa amadziwika ndi phokoso lachikale, pamene ali ndi phokoso lonse la sikelo, ngati piyano. Kusiyanitsa kwa diatonic pamaso pa semitones (kusintha kwa phokoso kumachitika chifukwa cha damper yomwe imatseka mabowo). Imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, koma imatha kuseweredwa mu kiyi iliyonse ya sikelo ya chromatic. Zovuta kuzidziwa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nyimbo za jazi, zamtundu wa anthu, zachikale ndi za orchestral.
• Diatonic. Ma subspecies otchuka kwambiri omwe amaseweredwa ndi blues ndi rock. Kusiyana pakati pa diatonic ndi chromatic harmonica ndikuti mabowo 10 oyambirira komanso mukukonzekera kwina, alibe ma semitones. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la "Do" limaphatikizapo phokoso la octave - do, re, mi, fa, mchere, la, si. Malinga ndi dongosolo, iwo ndi akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono (chidziwitso chofunikira).
• Octave. Pafupifupi mofanana ndi maonekedwe a m'mbuyomo, dzenje limodzi lokha limawonjezeredwa ku dzenje lililonse, ndipo ndi lalikulu limayang'aniridwa ndi octave imodzi. Ndiko kuti, munthu, potulutsa cholemba, amachimva nthawi imodzi m'magawo awiri (kaundula wapamwamba ndi bass). Imamveka mokulirapo komanso yolemera, yokhala ndi chithumwa china.
• Tremolo. Palinso mabowo 2 pa noti iliyonse, okhawo omwe amangoyang'ana osati mu octave, koma mogwirizana (pali kutsika pang'ono). Panthawi ya Sewero, woimbayo amamva kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, komwe kumadzaza phokoso, kumapangitsa kuti likhale lopangidwa.

Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuphunzira kusewera harmonica, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mtundu wa diatonic. Magwiridwe awo ndi okwanira kuphunzira zidule zonse zoyambira za Play.

Njira yamasewera

Munjira zambiri, phokoso limadalira momwe manja amayikidwa bwino. Chidacho chimagwiridwa ndi dzanja lamanzere, ndipo mpweya umayendetsedwa ndi dzanja lamanja. Mitengo ya kanjedza imapanga chibowo chomwe chimakhala ngati chipinda cha resonance. Kutseka mwamphamvu ndi kutsegula maburashi "kumapanga" phokoso losiyana. Kuti mpweya uziyenda mofanana komanso mwamphamvu, mutu uyenera kuwongoleredwa molunjika. Minofu ya nkhope, lilime ndi mmero ndi yomasuka. Harmonica imakutidwa mwamphamvu pamilomo (gawo la mucosal), osati kungotsamira pakamwa.

Mfundo ina yofunika ndi kupuma. Harmonica ndi chida champhepo chomwe chimatha kutulutsa mawu pokoka mpweya komanso potulutsa mpweya. Sikoyenera kuwomba mpweya kapena kuyamwa m'mabowo - njirayo imayambira kuti woimbayo amapuma kudzera mu harmonica. Ndiko kuti, diaphragm imagwira ntchito, osati pakamwa ndi masaya. Izi zimatchedwanso "kupuma kwa m'mimba" pamene mapapu amadzaza kwambiri kuposa zigawo zakumwamba, zomwe zimachitika polankhula. Poyamba zidzawoneka kuti phokosolo ndi lopanda phokoso, koma ndi chidziwitso chomveka chidzakhala chokongola komanso chosavuta.

Mu classic diatonic harmonica, phokoso lamtundu lili ndi mbali imodzi - mabowo a 3 pamzere amamveka chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kuyimba nyimbo kuposa cholemba chimodzi. Zimachitika kuti ndikofunikira kusewera zolemba zapayekha, muzochitika zotere muyenera kutsekereza mabowo apafupi ndi milomo kapena lilime lanu.

Kudziwa nyimbo zoyambira ndi zoyambira ndikosavuta kuphunzira nyimbo zosavuta. Koma harmonica amatha zambiri, ndipo apa njira yapadera ndi njira adzapulumutsa:

• Trill ndi pamene mapeyala a zolemba zoyandikana asinthana.
• Glissando - 3 kapena zolemba zambiri bwino, ngati kutsetsereka, sinthani mawu wamba. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zolemba zonse mpaka kumapeto imatchedwa kugwetsa.
• Tremolo - woyimba amafinya ndikuchotsa manja ake, amapanga kunjenjemera ndi milomo yake, chifukwa chake kumveka konjenjemera kumapezeka.
• Gulu - woimbayo amasintha mphamvu ndi kayendetsedwe ka mpweya, motero amasintha kamvekedwe ka cholembacho.

Simungadziwe ngakhale nyimbo zoimbira, kuti muphunzire kusewera, chinthu chachikulu ndikuyeserera. Kuti muphunzire nokha, tikulimbikitsidwa kupeza chojambulira mawu ndi metronome. Galasi lidzakuthandizani kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake.

Momwe mungasankhire harmonica

Zofunikira zazikulu:

• Ngati panalibe zochitika zosewerera izi zisanachitike, sankhani diatonic harmonica.
• Mangani. Aphunzitsi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti fungulo la "C" (Do) ndiloyenera kwambiri ngati chida choyamba. Ichi ndi phokoso lachikale, lomwe mungapeze maphunziro ambiri pa intaneti. Pambuyo pake, mutadziwa bwino "base", mutha kuyesa kusewera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Palibe zitsanzo zapadziko lonse lapansi, kotero oimba amakhala ndi mitundu ingapo mu zida zawo nthawi imodzi.
• Mtundu. Pali lingaliro lakuti mukhoza kuyamba ndi harmonica iliyonse, mtundu wa "workhorse", ndiyeno kugula chinthu chabwinoko. M'zochita, sizibwera pogula mankhwala abwino, chifukwa munthu amakhumudwitsidwa atasewera harmonica yotsika kwambiri. Mndandanda wa ma harmonicas abwino (makampani): Easttop, Hohner, Seydel, Suzuki, Lee Oskar.
• Zakuthupi. Wood amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu harmonicas, koma ichi ndi chifukwa choganizira kugula. Inde, matabwa amatabwa ndi okondweretsa kukhudza, phokoso limakhala lotentha, koma zinthuzo zikangonyowa, zokondweretsa zimasowa nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, kulimba kumadalira zinthu za mabango. Copper (Hohner, Suzuki) kapena chitsulo (Seydel) akulimbikitsidwa.
• Mukamagula, onetsetsani kuti mukuyesa harmonica, ndiko kuti, mverani dzenje lililonse mukamakoka ndikutulutsa mpweya. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mabelu apadera pazifukwa zoimbira, ngati sichoncho, ziwombereni nokha. Sipayenera kukhala ming'alu yakunja, kufuula ndi kulira, koma phokoso lomveka bwino komanso lopepuka.

Osatenga chida chotsika mtengo chopangidwira ana - sichingasunge dongosolo ndipo sikungatheke kudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana zosewerera pa izo.

Kukhazikitsa ndi chisamaliro

Mabango omwe amamangiriridwa ku mbale yachitsulo ali ndi udindo wopanga phokoso mu "chiwalo chamanja". Ndi iwo amene oscillate kupuma, kusintha malo awo poyerekezera mbale, chifukwa, dongosolo kusintha. Oimba odziwa bwino ntchito kapena amisiri ayenera kuyimba harmonica, apo ayi pali mwayi wopangitsa kuti ikhale yoipitsitsa.

Kukonzekera komweko sikuli kovuta, koma kudzatengera chidziwitso, kulondola, kuleza mtima ndi khutu la nyimbo. Kuti muchepetse cholembacho, muyenera kuwonjezera kusiyana pakati pa nsonga ya bango ndi mbale. Kuonjezera - m'malo mwake, kuchepetsa kusiyana. Ngati mutsitsa lilime pansi pamlingo wa mbale, sizingamveke bwino. Chochunira nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kusintha.

Kusamalira mwapadera kwa harmonica sikofunikira. Pali lamulo ili: "Kusewera? - Osagwira!". Nawa maupangiri amomwe mungasamalire chidacho, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha diatonic harmonica:

• Kuyeretsa popanda disassembly. Ngati thupi lapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, amaloledwa kutsuka mankhwalawo pansi pa madzi ofunda, ndikugwetsa madzi onse. Kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo - wombera mwamphamvu zolemba zonse.
• Ndi disassembly. Ngati pakufunika kuyeretsa kwathunthu, muyenera kuchotsa zophimba ndi mbale zamalirime. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa pambuyo pake - ikani zigawozo mwadongosolo.
• Kuyeretsa Hull. Pulasitiki saopa madzi, sopo ndi maburashi. Mankhwala amatabwa sangathe kutsukidwa - amangopukuta ndi burashi. Mukhoza kutsuka zitsulo, koma muzipukuta bwino ndi kuziwumitsa kuti zisachite dzimbiri.