Momwe mungasankhire lipenga

Zamkatimu

Chida cha lipenga
Mitundu ya malipenga
Zitsanzo za Malipenga

Lipenga ndi chida chamkuwa cha alto-soprano kulembetsa a, phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa zoimbira zamkuwa.

Lipenga lachilengedwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholozera anthu kuyambira kalekale, ndipo kuyambira cha m’ma 17 linakhala mbali ya oimba. Ndi kupangidwa kwa makina a valve, lipenga linalandira chromatic scale ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 linakhala chida chokwanira cha nyimbo zachikale. . Chidacho chili ndi chowala, chowala sitampu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chayekha, mumagulu a symphony ndi mkuwa, komanso mu Jazz ndi mitundu ina.

Lipenga ndi chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri zoimbira. Kutchulidwa kwa wamkulu kwambiri zida zamtunduwu zidayamba cha m'ma 3600 BC. e. Mipope inalipo m'zitukuko zambiri - ku Egypt Yakale, Greece Yakale, China Yakale, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zowonetsera. Lipenga lidachita izi kwa zaka mazana ambiri, mpaka zaka za zana la 17.

M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, oimba malipenga anali ovomerezeka ankhondo, okhawo omwe ankatha kutumiza mwamsanga dongosolo la mkulu wa asilikali kumadera ena ankhondo omwe anali patali mothandizidwa ndi chizindikiro. Anthu ankaona luso loimba lipenga "Elite" , linaphunzitsidwa kwa anthu osankhidwa mwapadera okha. Mu nthawi yamtendere, malipenga ankawomba pamaphwando a zikondwerero, masewera olimbitsa thupi, m'mizinda ikuluikulu munali malo a "nsanja" oimba malipenga omwe adalengeza za kubwera kwa munthu wapamwamba, kusintha kwa nthawi ya tsiku (motero kuchita ngati ngati wotchi). ), kuyandikira kwa ankhondo a adani ku mzinda ndi zochitika zina .

Vavu makina, opangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1830 ndikupatsa lipenga kukula kwa chromatic, sanali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyamba, chifukwa si mawu onse a chromatic omwe anali omveka bwino komanso ofanana sitampu . Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, liwu lapamwamba mu gulu la mkuwa lakhala likuperekedwa kwa cornet, chida chogwirizana ndi lipenga ndi chofewa. sitampu ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri. Makoneti (pamodzi ndi malipenga) anali zida zanthawi zonse za oimba mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, pamene kusintha kwa mapangidwe a zida zoimbira ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la oimba malipenga kunathetsa vuto la kumveka bwino ndi luso loimba. timbre .a, ndipo makoneti adazimiririka pagulu la oimba. M'nthawi yathu ino, mbali za orchestra za makona nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa pa mapaipi, ngakhale kuti chida choyambirira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina.

Masiku ano, lipenga limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chida cha solo, m'magulu a symphony ndi mkuwa, komanso Jazz , funk, ska ndi mitundu ina.

M'nkhaniyi, akatswiri a sitolo "Wophunzira" adzakuuzani mmene kusankha chitoliro kuti muyenera, osati overpay pa nthawi yomweyo.

Chida cha lipenga

Musanagule, tikupangira kuti muphunzire zigawo zikuluzikulu za chitoliro , komwe kumamveka phokoso lake lapadera: chitoliro, cholankhulira , ma valve, Belu . Zida zokutira za chida zimafunikanso.

chubu - gawo la chitoliro kuchokera ku cholankhulira a ku korona wa dongosolo lonse. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mkuwa wokhazikika (wachikasu), mkuwa wofiira kapena 925 sterling siliva. Mkuwa wofiira kapena tompack (mtundu wa mkuwa) ndi chinthu chomwe chimasankhidwa pophunzitsira mapaipi, chifukwa sichikhoza kuwonongeka. Zida zamkuwa zachikasu zimafunikira kuyeretsa pafupipafupi. Pali zitsanzo zokhala ndi reverse chubu. Mpweya mkati mwa chida chokhala ndi chubu choterocho umakumana ndi kukana kochepa chifukwa cha zochepa za matako. Kuwongolera uku kumapangitsa masewerawa kukhala osavuta.

valves(mochuluka, pistoni) amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Ma pistoni opangidwa ndi nickel nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapaipi ophunzitsira, chifukwa ndi amphamvu, olimba komanso osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuyeretsa nthawi zina. Chinthu china chodziwika bwino ndi monel (aloyi ya nickel ndi mkuwa). Monel ndi yofewa kuposa faifi tambala, ma pistoni a monel amafunikira kutsukidwa ndi kuthiridwa mafuta pafupipafupi. Monel ali ndi kukana dzimbiri, pulasitiki, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri. Zovala za Monel zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi aukadaulo komanso ophunzitsira. Zovala zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimaonedwa kuti ndi zabwino kwambiri, zimapezeka mu zida zapakati komanso akatswiri. Valavu yabwino imayankha mofulumira komanso bwino kukakamiza. Izi ndi zotsatira za kugwedeza koyenera kwa pisitoni - ntchito yomaliza yoyika pisitoni mu galasi.

Belu zida zamaphunziro ndi zaukadaulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa wachikasu. Komanso zofala ndi pinki mabelu amkuwa okhala ndi kamvekedwe kakuda, kofunda. Siliva mabelu amaikidwa pa mipope umafunika. M'mbuyomu, nickel ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati a Belu zakuthupi , koma tsopano sizikupezeka konse.
Zambiri chinthu chofunikira ndi kapangidwe ka Belu . Bwino kwambiri mabelu amapangidwa molingana ndi template kuchokera pa pepala limodzi lachitsulo. Mbuye amawuumba pamanja ndi mphira. Amakhulupirira kuti BeluZopangidwa ndi manja zimanjenjemera kwambiri. Machubu ophunzitsira ndi zida zapakati nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowotcherera matako . M'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo wowotcherera plasma wapangitsa kuti zibweretse zowotcherera matako oyandikana kwambiri ndi olimba. Mabelu zimasiyananso kukula kwake komanso kamvekedwe ka mawu, zomwe zimakhudzanso mawu.

Yesani ndi chiŵerengero cha mbali yaikulu ndi yopapatiza ya chitoliro. The m'mimba mwake wa chubu chachiwiri Korona ndi avareji. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zida zokhala ndi sikelo ya mainchesi 0.458-0.460 (11.63 - 11.68 mm). Zida zokhala ndi sikelo yokulirapo zimamveka mokweza, koma zimafunikira khama lochokera kwa woimbayo; mapaipi amenewa ankaimba makamaka akatswiri oimba. Kwa oyamba kumene (makamaka ana), ndi bwino kugula chitoliro ndi sikelo yaing'ono, chifukwa. Pankhaniyi, zimakhala zosavuta kukwaniritsa phokoso lomveka bwino.

Mitundu ya malipenga

Tiyeni tidziŵe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lipenga, mawonekedwe ake ndi mitundu ya nyimbo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

BB mapaipi

Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi lipenga la B-flat. Ndi mawu ofunda, otambalala, amagwirizana bwino ndi gulu lililonse ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yonse yanyimbo kuyambira zakale mpaka zamakono. Jazz ndi nyimbo za pop. Lipenga la Bb ndilofala kwambiri chida chophunzitsira , nyimbo zambiri ndi malangizo alembedwa kaamba ka ilo. Kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta ndikusankha chitoliro malinga ndi msinkhu wanu ndi ndalama, tchulani maphunziro osiyanasiyana, apakatikati (katswiri) ndi zitsanzo zamaluso.

Malipenga a Ophunzira Bb

Makampani ambiri amapanga mitundu ingapo ya oimba oyambira. Mapaipi olowera nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo, komabe amakhala olimba komanso amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oyambira azisewera mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, yaing'ono Kukula mu lipenga la wophunzira limakupatsani mwayi wotulutsa mawu omveka bwino komanso athunthu osachita khama.

Chitoliro STAGG WS-TR215S

Mapaipi a Semi-akatswiri a Bb

Osewera akamadziwa bwino kusewera, oimba amatha kupeza kuti luso la chubu lophunzitsira silikwanira. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha zida zapakati. Mapaipi a semi-akatswiri amaphatikiza mitundu yambiri yotulutsa mawu, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa akatswiri. Bwenzi la Woyimba ali ndi masankhidwe ambiri a malipenga akatswiri pakusintha kwa B-flat.

Lipenga John Packer JP251SW

Akatswiri a BB Pipes

Mapaipi apamwamba amapangidwa ndi amisiri odziwa bwino ntchito kuchokera ku zida zabwino kwambiri, poganizira zofunikira zonse zomwe wodziwa bwino amaika pachidacho. Akatswiri omwe amafunikira chida chokhala ndi mawu omveka bwino komanso omveka kwambiri mawonekedwe akhoza kusankha lipenga laukadaulo mu sitolo yapaintaneti "Wophunzira".

Bass Malipenga

Ngakhale kuti lipenga la bass limayimbidwa makamaka ndi ma trombonist, oimba malipenga ena otchuka amachitanso ndi chida ichi. Philip Jones waku Britain ndi membala wa Dave Matthews Band Rashawn Ross ndi zitsanzo.
Lipenga la bass limakhala ndi kusintha kofanana ndi trombone, nthawi zambiri mu C (C) kapena B flat (Bb). Zolemba zake zimalembedwa mu treble clef, koma zimachitidwa mocheperapo ndi octave (bass lipenga C) kapena yayikulu yopanda (bass lipenga Bb).
Lipenga la bass lokhala ndi chingwe chokoka silingakhale loyenera kwa oyimba malipenga ongoyamba kumene, koma ndi chisankho chabwino kwa ma trombonist omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lakusewera valavu, komanso kwa oimba malipenga omwe akufuna kukulitsa mwayi wawo wosewera ndikuwongolera chida chokhala ndi chida pansi kulembetsa .

Malipenga mu mzere C

Ngakhale lipenga la C ndilocheperako kuposa lipenga la Bb, mitundu iyi ndiyofala kwambiri ndipo yadziwikanso m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Malipenga a C amapezeka kwambiri m'magulu oimba pamodzi ndi malipenga a Bb. Lipenga la C limapangidwa mokweza kuposa lipenga la B lathyathyathya, ndipo thupi laling'ono limapangitsa kuti limveke bwino. Zake zoyera, zowutsa mudyo sitampu imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'masewera oimba. Lipenga la C ndiloyeneranso kwa osewera akatswiri komanso ophunzira apamwamba, kukulolani kuti muwongolere luso lanu.

Lipenga C John Packer P152

Malipenga mu Kukonza kwa Mi

Pamodzi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya lipenga mu B-flat ndi C, pali zitsanzo zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizisewera pamlingo wapamwamba. kulembetsa e. Monga ulamuliro, iwo ntchito anthu oimba ntchito kumene apamwamba kulembetsa zimathandizira kulondola kwakukulu kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu komanso kosavuta kwa zala. Lipenga E ndi chitsanzo cha chida choterocho. Ngakhale kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kocheperako poyerekeza ndi malipenga a Bb, C, ngakhalenso Eb, lipenga loyitanira ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali m'gulu la akatswiri oimba nyimbo za orchestra. Nthawi zambiri, kukonza kwa E ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingasinthidwe ndi chida chosinthika mabelu zomwe zitha kusinthidwa ku makiyi apamwamba.

Malipenga a Piccolo

Kwa oimba malipenga, omwe nthawi zambiri amasewera mbali zapamwamba kulembetsa e (makhalidwe, mwachitsanzo, a Bach kapena nyimbo za baroque), the piccolo lipenga ndicho chida chachikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha kwa B-flat, octave yokwera kuposa lipenga la Bb wamba, pafupifupi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi krone yowonjezera komanso kuthekera kosinthira ku A (A). Komanso, a piccolo lipenga ili ndi valavu yachinayi (valve ya quart), yomwe imachepetsa dongosolo ndi chachinayi changwiro. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu izi kumakulitsa mwayi wa chidacho, kupanga piccolo lipenga ndalama zopindulitsa kwa osewera apamwamba komanso akatswiri.

piccolo lipenga

Pocket Malipenga

Oimba malipenga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala panjira, adzakondwera mukudziwa kuti pali chida chophatikizika kwambiri kuposa lipenga lokhazikika. Mapangidwe ophatikizika amatheka ndi kupindika kwambiri machubu, pomwe lipenga la thumba limalola zonse. zosiyanasiyana ya Bb lipenga kuti ichotsedwe ndipo ndiyofunikira pakuyimba nyimbo zam'misewu, zochitika zapaulendo, ndi zina zambiri.
Pazabwino zake zonse, mtundu uwu wa lipenga suli woyenera pa zisudzo zamoyo, ngakhale zina Jazz osewera nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mu magawo awo.

Bb chitoliro chophatikizika ndi John Packer JP159B

Malipenga a Rocker

Oyimba oyambira sangathe kusankha lipenga lokhala ndi slide ngati chida chawo choyamba, koma kwa ma trombonist omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo pa chida chapakamwa, kapena oimba malipenga omwe akufuna kukulitsa luso lawo. zosiyanasiyana , iyi ndi yankho lomveka. Chifukwa cha "zoyeserera" zotere, ochita masewera ena nthawi zambiri amasiya lipenga lachikhalidwe ndikusintha chida cha rocker. Kwa odziwa zambiri Jazz oimba malipenga, lipenga la Scotch ndi lalikulu lachiwiri chida choyesera nacho mawu. Lipenga la slide (kapena slide lipenga) nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo za orchestra za nthawi ya Baroque ndi Renaissance.