Zina mu Nyimbo: Mphamvu (Phunziro 12)

Mu phunziro ili, tikambirana za njira ina yofotokozera zakukhosi - mphamvu (mokweza) nyimbo.

Tanena kale kuti kalankhulidwe ka nyimbo n’kofanana kwambiri ndi kalankhulidwe kathu. Ndipo imodzi mwa njira zofotokozera zakukhosi kwathu (kupatula tempo ya mawu obwerezabwereza) ndi ina, yopanda mphamvu - iyi ndi voliyumu yomwe timatchulira mawuwo. Mawu odekha, achikondi amalankhulidwa mofewa, malamulo, mkwiyo, ziwopsezo ndi zokopa zimamveka mokweza. Mofanana ndi liwu la munthu, nyimbo zingathenso “kufuula” ndi “kunong’ona”.

Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zophulika zomwe zimatchedwa "dynamite", gulu la masewera "Dynamo" ndi tepi "olankhula"? Onse amachokera ku liwu limodzi - δύναμις [dynamis], lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chigriki monga "mphamvu". Ndiko kumene mawu oti “mphamvu” amachokera. Mithunzi yamawu (kapena, mu French, nuances) imatchedwa dynamic hues, ndipo mphamvu ya phokoso la nyimbo imatchedwa dynamics.

Ma nuances owoneka bwino kwambiri, kuyambira ofewa kwambiri mpaka mokweza kwambiri, alembedwa pansipa:

• pp - pianissimo - pianissimo - chete kwambiri
• p – Piano – piyano – yofewa
• mp - Mezzo piano - mezzo-piano - mu meru chete
• mf - Mezzo forte - mezzo forte - mokweza kwambiri
• f - Forte - forte - mokweza
• ff -Fortissimo - fortissimo - mokweza kwambiri

Pofuna kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yowonjezereka, zilembo zowonjezera f ndi p zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti fff ndi ppp. Alibe mayina okhazikika, nthawi zambiri amati "forte-fortissimo" ndi "piano-pianissimo", kapena "mayina atatu" ndi "piyano zitatu".

Matchulidwe a dynamics ndi ofanana, osati mtheradi. Mwachitsanzo, mp samasonyeza kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yeniyeni, koma kuti ndimeyo iyenera kuseweredwa mokweza kwambiri kuposa p komanso mopanda phokoso kuposa mf.

Nthawi zina nyimboyo imakuuzani momwe mungasewere. Mwachitsanzo, mungasewere bwanji nyimbo yoyimba nyimbo?

Ndiko kulondola - chete. Kodi kuimba alamu?

Inde, mokweza.

Koma pali zochitika pamene sizikudziwika bwino kuchokera ku nyimbo zomwe wolembayo adayika mu nyimboyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake wolembayo amalemba malingaliro mu mawonekedwe azithunzi zamphamvu pansi pa nyimbo. Zambiri kapena zochepa monga chonchi:

Ma nuances amphamvu amatha kuwonetsedwa poyambira komanso pamalo ena aliwonse pantchito yoimba.

Pali zizindikiro zina ziwiri zamphamvu zomwe mumakumana nazo nthawi zambiri. M'malingaliro anga, amawoneka ngati milomo ya mbalame:

Zithunzizi zimasonyeza kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kuchepa kwa mawu. Choncho, kuti iziyimbe mokweza, mbalameyo imatsegula mlomo wake mokulirapo (<), ndipo kuti iimbe mopanda phokoso, imaphimba mlomo wake (>). Izi zotchedwa "mafoloko" zimawonekera pansi pa nyimbo, komanso pamwamba pake (makamaka pa gawo la mawu).

Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi:

Muchitsanzo ichi, mphanda wautali wautali ( < ) zikutanthauza kuti chidutswacho chiyenera kuyimbidwa mokweza kwambiri mpaka crescendo itatha.

Ndipo apa kujambula kwa "foloko" ( > ) pansi pa mawu oimba kumatanthauza kuti chidutswacho chiyenera kuseweredwa mwakachetechete komanso mopanda phokoso mpaka chizindikiro cha diminuendo chitatha, ndipo gawo loyamba la voliyumu mu chitsanzo ichi ndi mf (mezzo forte), ndi voliyumu yomaliza. ndi p (piyano).

Pazifukwa zomwezo, njira yapakamwa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri. Teremuyo "Kukula“( crescendo ya ku Italy, chidule cha cresc.) imasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mawu, ndipo”Diminuendo“(Chiitaliya diminuendo, chidule cha dim.), kapena kuchepa (decrescendo, chidule cha decresc.) - kufooka pang'onopang'ono.

zilembo za cresc. ndi dim. akhoza kutsatiridwa ndi malangizo ena:

• poco - poco - pang'ono
• poco a poco – poco a poco – pang’ono ndi pang’ono
• subito kapena sub. - subito - mwadzidzidzi
• più – ndimamwa – zambiri

Nawa mawu ena okhudzana ndi dynamics:

• al niente - al ninte - kwenikweni "kwachabe", kutonthola
• calando - kalando - "kupita pansi"; chepetsani ndi kuchepetsa voliyumu
• marcato - marcato - kutsindika mfundo iliyonse
• morendo - morendo - kuzimiririka (kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa liwiro)
• perdendo kapena perdendosi - perdendo - kutaya mphamvu, kugwa
• mawu a sotto - mawu a sotto - m'mawu apansi

Chabwino, pomaliza, ndikufuna ndikuwonetseni chidwi chanu pa nuance ina yowonjezereka - iyi kulapa. M'mawu oimba, amawonedwa ngati kulira kokulirapo.

M'mawu akuwonetsedwa:

• sforzando kapena sforzato (sf kapena sfz) - sforzando kapena sforzato - mawu omveka mwadzidzidzi
• forte piano (fp) - mokweza, ndiye nthawi yomweyo mwakachetechete
• sforzando piano (sfp) - imasonyeza sforzando yotsatiridwa ndi piyano

“Mawu” ena akamalemba amasonyezedwa ndi> chizindikiro pamwamba kapena pansi pa cholembera (chord).

Ndipo potsiriza, nazi zitsanzo zingapo zomwe inu, ndikuyembekeza, mudzatha kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe mwaphunzira: