Jascha Heifetz |

Jascha Heifetz

Kulemba chithunzithunzi cha mbiri ya Heifetz ndikovuta kwambiri. Zikuoneka kuti sanauze aliyense mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wake. Amatchedwa munthu wobisika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'nkhani ya Nicole Hirsch "Jascha Heifetz - Emperor wa Violin", yomwe ndi imodzi mwa ochepa omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chosangalatsa cha moyo wake, umunthu wake ndi khalidwe lake.

Ankawoneka ngati akudzitsekera mpanda ku dziko lozungulira iye ndi khoma lonyada la kupatukana, kulola ochepa okha, osankhidwa, kuyang'ana momwemo. "Iye amadana ndi anthu, phokoso, chakudya chamadzulo pambuyo pa konsati. Ngakhale kamodzi anakana kuyitanidwa kwa Mfumu ya Denmark, kudziwitsa Ukulu Wake ndi ulemu wonse kuti sakupita kulikonse atasewera.

Yasha, kapena m'malo mwake Iosif Kheyfets (dzina lochepetsetsa Yasha adatchedwa ali mwana, kenako linasandulika kukhala dzina lachidziwitso) anabadwira ku Vilna pa February 2, 1901. Vilnius wokongola masiku ano, likulu la Soviet Lithuania, anali mzinda wakutali wokhala ndi anthu osauka achiyuda, ochita zaluso zomwe sizingatheke komanso zosatheka kuganiza - osauka, ofotokozedwa modabwitsa ndi Sholom Aleichem.

Bambo ake a Yasha Reuben Heifetz anali klezmer, woyimba zeze yemwe ankasewera paukwati. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, iye pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Nathan, ankayenda m’mabwalo akumakanda kakobiri kuti apeze chakudya.

Aliyense amene ankadziwa bambo Heifetz amanena kuti nyimbo anali ndi mphatso zosachepera mwana wake, ndi umphawi wopanda chiyembekezo mu unyamata wake, zosatheka mtheradi kupeza maphunziro nyimbo, analepheretsa luso lake kukula.

Kodi ndani mwa Ayuda, makamaka oimba, amene sanalole kupangitsa mwana wake kukhala “woimba violin padziko lonse lapansi”? Choncho bambo Yasha, pamene mwanayo anali ndi zaka 3 zokha, anamugula zeze ndipo anayamba kumuphunzitsa pa chida ichi. Komabe, mnyamatayo anapita patsogolo mofulumira kotero kuti bambo ake anafulumira kumutumiza kuti akaphunzire ndi wotchuka Vilna mphunzitsi woyimba zeze Ilya Malkin. Ali ndi zaka 6, Yasha anapereka konsati yake yoyamba mumzinda wa kwawo, kenako anaganiza zopita naye ku St. Petersburg ku Auer wotchuka.

Malamulo a Ufumu wa Russia analetsa Ayuda kukhala ku St. Izi zinafunika chilolezo chapadera kuchokera kwa apolisi. Komabe, mkulu wa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale A. Glazunov, mwa mphamvu ya ulamuliro wake, kaŵirikaŵiri ankapempha chilolezo choterocho kwa ophunzira ake aluso, ndipo chifukwa chake anam’patsa dzina mwanthabwala lakuti “mfumu ya Ayuda.”

Kuti Yasha kukhala ndi makolo ake Glazunov anavomera bambo Yasha monga wophunzira pa Conservatory. Ndicho chifukwa chake mndandanda wa gulu la Auer kuyambira 1911 mpaka 1916 uli ndi Heifetz awiri - Joseph ndi Reuben.

Poyamba, Yasha anaphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali ndi Auer's adjunct, I. Nalbandyan, yemwe, monga lamulo, anachita zonse zokonzekera ndi ophunzira a pulofesa wotchuka, kusintha zida zawo zamakono. Auer ndiye anatenga mnyamatayo pansi pa phiko lake, ndipo posakhalitsa Heifetz anakhala nyenyezi yoyamba pakati pa gulu lowala la ophunzira pa Conservatory.

Wanzeru kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Heifetz, amene yomweyo anamubweretsera pafupifupi kutchuka padziko lonse, anali sewero ku Berlin madzulo a nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Mnyamata wazaka 13 adatsagana ndi Artur Nikish. Kreisler, yemwe analipo pa konsatiyo, anamumva akusewera ndipo anafuula kuti: “Ndi chisangalalo chotani nanga ndikathyola violin yanga tsopano!”

Auer ankakonda kukhala m'chilimwe ndi ophunzira ake m'tawuni yokongola ya Loschwitz, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa Elbe, pafupi ndi Dresden. M’buku lake lakuti Among the Musicians, anatchula za konsati ya Loschwitz momwe Heifetz ndi Seidel anachita Bach’s Concerto kwa ma violin awiri mu D wamng’ono. Oimba ochokera ku Dresden ndi Berlin anabwera kudzamvetsera konsatiyi: “Alendowo anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiyero ndi umodzi wa kalembedwe, kuona mtima kozama, osatchulanso luso laluso limene anyamata onse ovala mabulawusi amalinyero, Jascha Heifetz ndi Toscha Seidel, ankaimba. ntchito yabwino imeneyi.”

M’buku lomweli, Auer akufotokoza mmene nkhondo inayambika pamodzi ndi ophunzira ake ku Loschwitz, ndi banja la a Heifets ku Berlin. Auer anali kuyang'aniridwa mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi apolisi mpaka October, ndipo Kheyfetsov mpaka December 1914. Mu December, Yasha Kheyfets ndi abambo ake anawonekeranso ku Petrograd ndipo adatha kuyamba kuphunzira.

Auer anakhala miyezi yachilimwe ya 1915-1917 ku Norway, pafupi ndi Christiania. M'chilimwe cha 1916 adatsagana ndi mabanja a Heifetz ndi Seidel. "Tosha Seidel anali kubwerera kudziko lomwe ankadziwika kale. Dzina la Yasha Heifetz silinali lodziwika bwino kwa anthu wamba. Komabe, impresario wake anapeza mu laibulale imodzi yaikulu Christiania nyuzipepala nkhani Berlin kwa 1914, amene anapereka ndemanga chidwi Heifetz anachita sensational pa konsati symphony ku Berlin wochitidwa ndi Arthur Nikisch. Zotsatira zake, matikiti amakonsati a Heifetz adagulitsidwa. Seidel ndi Heifetz anaitanidwa ndi mfumu ya ku Norway ndipo anachita mu nyumba yake yachifumu Bach Concerto, yomwe mu 1914 inasiyidwa ndi alendo a Loschwitz. Awa anali masitepe oyamba a Heifetz m'munda waluso.

M’chilimwe cha 1917, anasaina pangano la ulendo wopita ku United States ndipo kudzera ku Siberia kupita ku Japan, iye ndi banja lake anasamukira ku California. N'zokayikitsa kuti iye ankaganiza ndiye kuti America adzakhala nyumba yake yachiwiri ndipo ayenera kubwera ku Russia kamodzi kokha, munthu wokhwima, monga woimba alendo.

Amati konsati yoyamba ku Carnegie Hall ku New York idakopa gulu lalikulu la oimba - oimba piyano, oyimba zeze. Konsati inali yopambana kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo inapangitsa dzina la Heifetz kukhala lodziwika bwino m'magulu oimba a America. “Ankasewera nyimbo yonse ya violin ngati mulungu, ndipo kukhudza kwa Paganini sikunawonekere ngati kwauchiwanda kwambiri. Misha Elman anali muholo ndi woyimba piyano Godovsky. Anatsamira kwa iye, “Kodi sukupeza kuti mkati muno mukutentha kwambiri?” Ndipo poyankha: "Osati kwa woyimba piyano."

Ku America, komanso kumayiko akumadzulo, Jascha Heifetz adatenga malo oyamba pakati pa oimba violin. Kutchuka kwake ndi kodabwitsa, kodabwitsa. "Malinga ndi Heifetz" amawunika ena onse, ngakhale ochita zazikulu kwambiri, kunyalanyaza malembedwe ndi kusiyana kwa anthu. “Oyimba violin wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi amamuzindikira monga mbuye wawo, monga chitsanzo chawo. Ngakhale nyimbo pakali pano si osauka ndi violinists lalikulu kwambiri, koma mwamsanga mukaona Jascha Heifets akuwonekera pa siteji, inu nthawi yomweyo kumvetsa kuti iye kwenikweni kukwera pamwamba pa wina aliyense. Kuphatikiza apo, mumamva nthawi zonse kutali; samwetulira muholo; amangoyang'ana pamenepo. Amagwira violin yake - 1742 Guarneri yomwe nthawi ina inali ya Sarasata - mwachifundo. Amadziwika kuti amasiya mlanduwo mpaka nthawi yomaliza ndipo samachitapo kanthu asanapite pa siteji. Amadzigwira ngati kalonga ndipo amalamulira pabwalo. Holoyo ikuundana, ndikupuma, ndikusilira munthu uyu.

Zowonadi, omwe adachita nawo ma concert a Heifetz sadzayiwala mawonekedwe ake onyada, mawonekedwe ake owopsa, ufulu wopanda malire pomwe akusewera ndikuyenda pang'ono, ndipo koposa zonse adzakumbukira mphamvu yochititsa chidwi ya luso lake lodabwitsa.

Mu 1925, Heifetz adalandira nzika zaku America. M'zaka za m'ma 30s anali fano la gulu loimba la America. Masewera ake amalembedwa ndi makampani akuluakulu a galamafoni; amachita mafilimu ngati wojambula, filimu imapangidwa ponena za iye.

Mu 1934, anapita ku Soviet Union kwa nthawi yokha. Anaitanidwa kuulendo wathu ndi People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs MM Litvinov. Panjira yopita ku USSR, Kheifets adadutsa ku Berlin. Germany mwamsanga anazembera mu fascism, koma likulu ankafunabe kumvera woyimba zeze wotchuka. Heifets adalonjezedwa ndi maluwa, Goebbels adawonetsa chikhumbo choti wojambula wotchuka alemekeze Berlin ndi kupezeka kwake ndikupereka ma concerts angapo. Komabe, woyimba violiniyo anakanatu.

Masewera ake ku Moscow ndi Leningrad amasonkhanitsa omvera achidwi. Inde, ndipo n'zosadabwitsa - luso la Heifetz pofika zaka za m'ma 30s linali litakula. Poyankha ma concerts ake, I. Yampolsky akulemba za "nyimbo zodzaza magazi", "kulondola kwachikale." "Luso ndilabwino kwambiri komanso luso lalikulu. Imaphatikiza kulimba mtima kwakukulu ndi virtuoso brilliance, kuwonekera kwa pulasitiki ndi mawonekedwe othamangitsa. Kaya akusewera ka trinket kakang'ono kapena Brahms Concerto, amawaperekanso pafupi. Iyenso ali mlendo kukhudzidwa ndi zazing'ono, sentimentality ndi makhalidwe. M'buku lake la Andante kuchokera ku Concerto ya Mendelssohn mulibe "Mendelssohnism", ndipo ku Canzonetta kuchokera ku Concerto ya Tchaikovsky palibe kuvutika maganizo kwa "chanson triste", komwe kumatanthauzidwa ndi oimba nyimbo za violin ... kudziletsa kumeneku sikutanthauza kuzizira konse .

Mu Moscow ndi Leningrad Kheifets anakumana ndi anzake akale m'kalasi Auer - Miron Polyakin, Lev Tseytlin ndi ena; anakumananso ndi Nalbandyan, mphunzitsi woyamba amene anam’konzekeretsa kalasi ya Auer ku St. Petersburg Conservatory. Pokumbukira zakale, adayenda m'makonde a malo osungiramo zakudya omwe adamukweza, adayima kwa nthawi yayitali m'kalasi, pomwe adafika kumbuyo kwa pulofesa wake wovuta komanso wovuta.

Palibe njira yowonera moyo wa Heifetz motsatira nthawi, ndizobisika kwambiri kuti zisamawoneke. Koma molingana ndi mizati ya nkhani zamanyuzipepala ndi m'magazini, malinga ndi maumboni a anthu omwe adakumana naye, munthu atha kudziwa za moyo, umunthu komanso umunthu wake.

“Poyang’ana koyamba,” akulemba motero K. Flesh, “Kheifetz amapereka chithunzi cha munthu wamphuno. Mawonekedwe a nkhope yake amawoneka osasunthika, okhwima; koma ichi ndi chigoba kumbuyo chomwe amabisa malingaliro ake enieni .. Ali ndi nthabwala zobisika, zomwe simumakayikira mukakumana naye koyamba. Heifetz amatsanzira mwachisangalalo masewera a ophunzira apakati.

Zofananazi zimadziwikanso ndi Nicole Hirsch. Amalembanso kuti kuzizira ndi kudzikuza kwa Heifetz ndi zakunja: kwenikweni, ndi wodzichepetsa, ngakhale wamanyazi, komanso wokoma mtima. Mwachitsanzo, ku Paris iye anapereka ma concert kuti athandize oimba achikulire. Hirsch ananenanso kuti amakonda nthabwala, nthabwala ndipo sadana ndi kutaya nambala yosangalatsa ndi okondedwa ake. Pa nthawiyi, amatchula nkhani yosangalatsa ndi a Maurice Dandel. Nthawi ina, konsati isanayambe, Kheifets adayitanira Dandel, yemwe ankayang'anira, kuchipinda chake chojambula ndikumupempha kuti amulipirire nthawi yomweyo ngakhale asanachite.

“Koma wojambula salipidwa asanachite konsati.

- Ndikulimbikira.

— Ah! Tandilekeni!

Ndi mawu amenewa Dandel akuponya envelopu yomwe ili ndi ndalama patebulo ndikupita ku control. Patapita nthawi, abwereranso kukachenjeza Heifetz za kulowa mu siteji ndipo ... anapeza chipinda mulibe. Palibe woyenda pansi, palibe violin, palibe wantchito waku Japan, palibe aliyense. Kungokhala envelopu patebulo. Dandelo anakhala patebulo n’kuŵerenga kuti: “Maurice, usamalipire katswiri wojambula asanachite konsati. Tonse tinapita ku kanema. "

Munthu akhoza kulingalira mkhalidwe wa impresario. Kunena zoona kampani yonse inabisala muchipindamo ndikumuyang'ana Danelo mosangalala. Iwo sanathe kuyimilira seweroli kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adayamba kuseka mokweza. Komabe, Hirsch akuwonjezera kuti, Dandel mwina sadzayiwala kutuluka kwa thukuta lozizira lomwe linkatsika pakhosi usiku womwewo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.

Kawirikawiri, nkhani yake ili ndi zambiri zosangalatsa za umunthu wa Heifetz, zomwe amakonda komanso malo a banja. Hirsch akulemba kuti ngati akana kuyitanidwa ku chakudya chamadzulo pambuyo pa ma concert, ndichifukwa choti amakonda, kuitana abwenzi awiri kapena atatu ku hotelo yake, kuti adzidule yekha nkhuku yomwe adaphika yekha. “Amatsegula botolo la shampeni, n’kusintha zovala zapasiteji n’kupita kunyumba. Wojambulayo amamva ndiye munthu wokondwa.

Ali ku Paris, amayang'ana m'masitolo onse akale, komanso amadzikonzera yekha chakudya chabwino. "Iye amadziwa maadiresi a bistros onse ndi njira yopangira nkhanu za ku America, zomwe amadya kwambiri ndi zala zake, ndi chopukutira pakhosi pake, kuiwala za kutchuka ndi nyimbo ..." Pofika kudziko linalake, amapita kudziko lina. zokopa, museums; Iye amalankhula zilankhulo zingapo za ku Ulaya - French (mpaka zilankhulo za m'deralo ndi jargon wamba), English, German. Amadziwa bwino mabuku, ndakatulo; misala m'chikondi, mwachitsanzo, ndi Pushkin, amene ndakatulo iye anagwira mawu pamtima. Komabe, pali zosamvetseka muzokonda zake zolembalemba. Malingana ndi mlongo wake, S. Heifetz, amachitira ntchito ya Romain Rolland mozizira kwambiri, osamukonda "Jean Christophe".

Mu nyimbo, Heifetz amakonda zachikale; ntchito za olemba amakono, makamaka za “a kumanzere,” sizimamkhutiritsa kaŵirikaŵiri. Nthawi yomweyo, amakonda jazi, ngakhale mitundu ina yake, chifukwa nyimbo za rock ndi roll zimamuwopsyeza. “Tsiku lina madzulo ndinapita ku kalabu ya kwathuko kukamvetsera wojambula wina wotchuka wazithunzithunzi. Mwadzidzidzi, kunamveka phokoso la thanthwe. Ndinkamva ngati ndikukomoka. M'malo mwake, anatulutsa mpango, naung'amba mzidutswa ndi kutseka makutu ake ... ".

Mkazi woyamba Heifetz anali wotchuka American filimu Ammayi Florence Vidor. Pamaso pake, adakwatiwa ndi wotsogolera filimu wanzeru. Kuchokera ku Florence, Heifetz anasiya ana awiri - mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Anaphunzitsa onse awiri kuimba violin. Mwana wamkazi ankadziwa bwino chida chimenechi kuposa mwana wamwamuna. Nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi abambo ake pamaulendo awo. Ponena za mwana, violin amamukonda pang'ono kwambiri, ndipo sakonda kuchita nawo nyimbo, koma kusonkhanitsa masitampu, kupikisana ndi abambo ake. Pakadali pano, Jascha Heifetz ali ndi imodzi mwazosonkhanitsa zolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Heifetz amakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse ku California, komwe ali ndi nyumba yakeyake m'dera lokongola la Los Angeles ku Beverly Hill, pafupi ndi Hollywood.

Nyumbayi ili ndi zifukwa zabwino kwambiri zamasewera amitundu yonse - bwalo la tenisi, matebulo a ping-pong, omwe ngwazi yake yosagonjetseka ndiye mwini nyumbayo. Heifetz ndi wothamanga kwambiri - amasambira, amayendetsa galimoto, amasewera tennis kwambiri. Choncho, mwina, iye akadali, ngakhale kuti ali ndi zaka zoposa 60, amadabwa ndi vivacity ndi mphamvu ya thupi. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, chochitika chosasangalatsa chinachitika kwa iye - anathyola chiuno ndipo anali kunja kwa dongosolo kwa miyezi 6. Komabe, thupi lake lachitsulo linamuthandiza kuti atuluke bwinobwino m’nkhaniyi.

Heifetz ndi wolimbikira ntchito. Amayimbabe violin kwambiri, ngakhale amagwira ntchito mosamala. Kawirikawiri, m'moyo komanso kuntchito, ali wokonzeka kwambiri. Kukonzekera, kulingalira kumawonekeranso mu ntchito yake, yomwe nthawi zonse imagunda ndi zojambulajambula kuthamangitsa mawonekedwe.

Amakonda nyimbo zapachipinda ndipo nthawi zambiri amaimba nyimbo kunyumba ndi woimba nyimbo Grigory Pyatigorsky kapena woyimba violist William Primrose, komanso Arthur Rubinstein. "Nthawi zina amapereka 'magawo apamwamba' kuti asankhe anthu 200-300."

M'zaka zaposachedwa, Kheifets sanapereke zoimbaimba kawirikawiri. Kotero, mu 1962, adapereka makonsati 6 okha - 4 ku USA, 1 ku London ndi 1 ku Paris. Iye ndi wolemera kwambiri ndipo mbali ya zinthu zakuthupi sizimamusangalatsa. Nickel Hirsch akusimba kuti pokhapokha pa ndalama zomwe adalandira kuchokera ku ma diski 160 a zolemba zomwe adapanga panthawi ya luso lake, adzatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Wolemba mbiriyo akuwonjezera kuti m'zaka zapitazi, Kheifetz sankachita kawirikawiri - osapitirira kawiri pa sabata.

Zokonda za nyimbo za Heifetz ndizokulirapo: si woyimba zeze wokha, komanso wokonda kwambiri, komanso woimba waluso. Ali ndi zolemba zambiri zamakonsati apamwamba kwambiri komanso zolemba zake zingapo zoyambirira za violin.

Mu 1959, Heifetz anaitanidwa kutenga pulofesa wa violin ku yunivesite ya California. Analandira ophunzira 5 ndi 8 monga omvera. Mmodzi wa ophunzira ake, Beverly Somah, akunena kuti Heifetz amabwera m’kalasi ndi vayolin ndi kusonyeza njira zoimbira panjira: “Zisonyezero zimenezi zikuimira kuimba kwa vayolini kodabwitsa koposa kumene ndinamvapo.”

Cholembacho chikuti Heifetz akuumiriza kuti ophunzira azigwira ntchito tsiku lililonse pamasikelo, kusewera Bach's sonatas, Kreutzer's etudes (yomwe nthawi zonse amasewera yekha, kuwatcha "Baibulo langa") ndi Carl Flesch's Basic Etudes for Violin Without Bow. Ngati chinachake sichikuyenda bwino ndi wophunzira, Heifetz akulangiza kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono pa gawoli. M’mawu otsazikana kwa ophunzira ake, iye anati: “Khalani osuliza inu eni. Osapumira pamalingaliro anu, osadzichotsera nokha. Ngati china chake sichikukuyenderani, musamadzudzule violin, zingwe, ndi zina zotero. Dziuzeni kuti ndi vuto langa, ndipo yesani kupeza chomwe chayambitsa zolakwa zanu ... "

Mawu amene amamaliza maganizo ake amaoneka ngati wamba. Koma ngati mukuganiza za izo, ndiye kwa iwo mukhoza kufotokoza mbali zina za njira pedagogical wa wojambula wamkulu. Masikelo… ndi kangati ophunzira a violin samayika kufunika kwa iwo, ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mochuluka kuchokera kwa iwo podziwa luso loyang'anira zala! Heifetz anakhalabe wokhulupirika chotani nanga kusukulu yachikale ya Auer, akudalira kufikira pano pa maphunziro a Kreutzer! Ndipo, potsiriza, ndi kufunikira kotani komwe amaika pa ntchito yodziyimira payokha ya wophunzira, luso lake lodzifufuza, kudzikayikira, ndi mfundo yowawa bwanji kumbuyo kwa zonsezi!

Malinga ndi Hirsch, Kheifets sanalandire ophunzira 5, koma 6 mkalasi mwake, ndipo adawakhazikitsa kunyumba. “Tsiku lililonse amakumana ndi mbuye wawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito malangizo ake. Mmodzi mwa ophunzira ake, Eric Friedman, adachita bwino ku London. Mu 1962 iye anapereka zoimbaimba mu Paris”; mu 1966 iye analandira udindo wa Laureate wa International Tchaikovsky Mpikisanowo mu Moscow.

Pomaliza, chidziwitso chokhudza kuphunzitsa kwa Heifetz, chosiyana ndi pamwambapa, chikupezeka m'nkhani ya mtolankhani waku America wa "Loweruka Madzulo", yosindikizidwanso ndi magazini ya "Musical Life": "Ndizosangalatsa kukhala ndi Heifetz mu studio yake yatsopano moyang'anana ndi Beverly. Mapiri. Tsitsi la woimbayo lasanduka imvi, lakhala lolimba pang'ono, zizindikiro za zaka zapitazo zikuwonekera pa nkhope yake, koma maso ake owala akuwalabe. Amakonda kulankhula, ndipo amalankhula mokondwera ndi moona mtima. Pa siteji, Kheifets akuwoneka ozizira komanso osungidwa, koma kunyumba ndi munthu wina. Kuseka kwake kumamveka mwaubwenzi, ndipo amalankhula momveka bwino.”

Ndi kalasi yake, Kheifetz amagwira ntchito kawiri pa sabata, osati tsiku lililonse. Ndipo kachiwiri, ndipo m'nkhaniyi, ndi za masikelo omwe amafunikira kusewera pamayeso ovomerezeka. "Heifetz amawawona ngati maziko akuchita bwino." “Iye ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo, atavomera ophunzira asanu mu 2, anakana awiri tchuthi chachilimwe chisanafike.

“Tsopano ndili ndi ana asukulu aŵiri okha,” iye anatero, akuseka. “Ndikuwopa kuti pamapeto pake ndidzabwera tsiku lina kuholo yopanda kanthu, ndikukhala ndekha kwa kanthawi ndikupita kunyumba. - Ndipo adawonjezera kale mozama: Iyi si fakitale, kupanga kwakukulu sikungakhazikitsidwe pano. Ambiri mwa ophunzira anga analibe maphunziro oyenera.”

"Tikufunikira kwambiri aphunzitsi ochita bwino," akupitiriza Kheyfets. "Palibe amene amasewera yekha, aliyense amangofotokozera zapakamwa ... "Malinga ndi Heifets, ndikofunikira kuti mphunzitsi azisewera bwino ndikuwonetsa wophunzirayo izi kapena ntchitoyo. "Ndipo palibe malingaliro ongoyerekeza angalowe m'malo mwake." Amamaliza kufotokoza maganizo ake pa zauphunzitsi ndi mawu akuti: “Palibe mawu amatsenga amene angaulule zinsinsi za luso la violin. Palibe batani, lomwe lingakhale lokwanira kukanikiza kusewera bwino. Muyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndiye kuti violin yanu yokha idzamveka.

Zonsezi zikugwirizana bwanji ndi malingaliro a Auer a kuphunzitsa!

Poganizira kachitidwe ka Heifetz, Carl Flesh akuwona mitengo yonyanyira pakusewera kwake. Malingaliro ake, Kheifets nthawi zina amasewera "ndi dzanja limodzi", popanda kutenga nawo mbali pamalingaliro opanga. "Komabe, kudzoza kudzabwera kwa iye, wojambula wamkulu kwambiri amadzuka. Zitsanzo zoterezi zikuphatikizapo kutanthauzira kwake kwa Sibelius Concerto, zachilendo mumitundu yake yojambula; Iye ali pa tepi. Muzochitika zimenezo pamene Heifetz akusewera popanda chidwi chamkati, masewera ake, ozizira mopanda chifundo, angafanane ndi chiboliboli chokongola chodabwitsa cha nsangalabwi. Monga woyimba violini, amakhala wokonzeka nthawi zonse, koma, monga wojambula, nthawi zonse samakhala mkati .. "

Thupi likulondola pofotokoza mizati ya machitidwe a Heifetz, koma, m'malingaliro athu, akulakwitsa kwambiri pofotokoza tanthauzo lake. Ndipo kodi woimba wachuma chotere angaimbe “ndi dzanja limodzi”? Ndizosatheka basi! Mfundo, ndithudi, ndi chinthu china - mwa umunthu wa Heifets, pakumvetsetsa kwake zochitika zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo, mu njira yake kwa iwo. Ku Heifetz, monga wojambula, zimakhala ngati mfundo ziwiri zimatsutsidwa, zimagwirizana kwambiri komanso zimagwirizanitsa, koma mwanjira yakuti nthawi zina wina amalamulira, enanso. Zoyambira izi ndi "zachikale" komanso zowoneka bwino komanso zochititsa chidwi. Sizinangochitika mwangozi kuti Flash ikufanizira gawo "lozizira mopanda chifundo" lamasewera a Heifetz ndi chiboliboli chokongola modabwitsa cha nsangalabwi. Poyerekeza kotero, pali kuzindikira kwa ungwiro wapamwamba, ndipo sikungakhale kotheka ngati Kheifets adasewera "ndi dzanja limodzi" ndipo, monga wojambula, sakanakhala "wokonzeka" kuchita.

Mu imodzi mwazolemba zake, wolemba bukuli adafotokoza kalembedwe ka Heifetz ngati kalembedwe ka "high classicism" yamakono. Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi choonadi. M'malo mwake, kalembedwe kachikale nthawi zambiri kamamveka ngati wapamwamba komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo luso lokhwima, lomvetsa chisoni komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo lolimba, komanso lofunika kwambiri - lolamulidwa ndi luntha. Classicism ndi njira yanzeru. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, zonse zomwe zanenedwa zimagwira ntchito kwambiri kwa Heifets, mulimonse, ku imodzi mwa "mitengo" ya luso lake lojambula. Tiyeni tikumbukirenso za bungwe monga gawo lapadera la chikhalidwe cha Heifetz, zomwe zimawonekeranso muzochita zake. Mkhalidwe woterewu wa kulingalira kwa nyimbo ndi khalidwe la classicist, osati lachikondi.

Tinatcha ina "mzati" wa luso lake "expressive-dramatic", ndipo Nyama inalozera ku chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha izo - kujambula kwa Sibelius Concerto. Apa zonse zithupsa, zithupsa mu kukhuthula mokhudzika maganizo; palibe cholemba "chopanda chidwi", "chopanda". Komabe, moto wa zilakolako uli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu - uwu ndi moto wa Prometheus.

Chitsanzo china cha kalembedwe kochititsa chidwi ka Heifetz ndi momwe amachitira pa Brahms Concerto, yopangidwa ndi mphamvu kwambiri, yodzaza ndi mphamvu zenizeni za chiphalaphala. Ndizodziwika kuti Heifets amatsindika osati zachikondi, koma chiyambi chachikale.

Nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa za Heifetz kuti amasunga mfundo za sukulu ya Auerian. Komabe, zomwe kwenikweni ndi ziti zomwe sizimawonetsedwa. Zinthu zina za repertoire yake zimawakumbutsa. Heifetz akupitilizabe kuchita ntchito zomwe zidaphunziridwapo m'kalasi la Auer ndipo adatsala pang'ono kusiya gulu la osewera akuluakulu amnthawi yathu - ma concerto a Bruch, Fourth Vietana, Ernst's Hungarian Melodies, ndi zina zambiri.

Koma, ndithudi, osati izi zokha zomwe zimagwirizanitsa wophunzira ndi mphunzitsi. Sukulu ya Auer idapangidwa potengera miyambo yapamwamba yaukadaulo yazaka za zana la XNUMX, yomwe imadziwika ndi zida za "mawu". Cantilena wodzaza magazi, wolemera, ngati bel canto wonyada, amasiyanitsanso kusewera kwa Heifetz, makamaka pamene akuyimba "Ave, Marie" ya Schubert. Komabe, "mawu" a mawu achida cha Heifetz samangokhala mu "belcanto" yake, koma mochulukirapo, momveka bwino, momveka bwino, kukumbukira mawu okonda nyimbo a woimbayo. Ndipo pankhaniyi, mwina salinso wolowa nyumba wa Auer, koma Chaliapin. Mukamvetsera Sibelius Concerto yochitidwa ndi Heifets, nthawi zambiri kamvekedwe kake ka mawu, ngati kuti amanenedwa ndi "pakhosi" kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo komanso "kupuma", "zolowera", amafanana ndi mawu a Chaliapin.

Kudalira miyambo ya Auer-Chaliapin, Kheifets, panthawi imodzimodziyo, imasintha kwambiri. Luso lazaka za m'ma 1934 silinali lodziwika bwino ndi mphamvu zomwe zimachitika mumasewera a Heifetz. Tiyeni tilozenso ku Brahms Concerto yomwe adayimba ndi Heifets mu "iron", mungoli weniweni wa ostinato. Tikumbukirenso mizere yowulula ya ndemanga ya Yampolsky (XNUMX), pomwe amalemba za kusowa kwa "Mendelssohnism" mu Concerto ya Mendelssohn komanso kuwawa kwamphamvu mu Canzonette kuchokera ku Concerto ya Tchaikovsky. Kuchokera pamasewera a Heifetz, chifukwa chake, zomwe zidachitika m'zaka za zana la XNUMX zimasowa - kukhudzidwa, kukhudzidwa, kukhudzika kwachikondi. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti Heifetz nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito glissando, tart portamento. Koma iwo, kuphatikiza ndi mawu akuthwa, amamveka molimba mtima modabwitsa, mosiyana kwambiri ndi kutsetsereka kwamphamvu kwa oyimba za XNUMX ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Wojambula m'modzi, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, sadzatha kuwonetsa zochitika zonse zokongola za nthawi yomwe akukhala. Ndipo komabe, mukamaganizira za Heifetz, mosasamala muli ndi lingaliro lakuti anali mwa iye, mu maonekedwe ake onse, muzojambula zake zonse zapadera, zofunikira kwambiri, zofunikira kwambiri komanso zowonetsera kwambiri zamasiku athu ano.

L. Raaben, 1967