John Field (Munda) |

John Field

Ngakhale sindinamumvepo kambirimbiri, ndimakumbukirabe kusewera kwake kwamphamvu, kofewa komanso kodziwika bwino. Zinkawoneka kuti sanali iye amene anakantha mafungulo, koma zala zomwe zinagwera pa iwo, monga madontho akuluakulu a mvula, ndipo zinabalalika ngati ngale pa velvet. M. Glinka

Wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Ireland, woyimba piyano ndi mphunzitsi J. Field adagwirizanitsa tsogolo lake ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Russia ndipo adathandizira kwambiri pa chitukuko chake. Field anabadwira m'banja la oimba. Analandira maphunziro ake oyambirira a nyimbo kuchokera kwa woimba, harpsichordist ndi wolemba nyimbo T. Giordani. Ali ndi zaka khumi, mnyamata wina waluso analankhula poyera kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m’moyo wake. Atasamukira ku London (1792), anadzakhala wophunzira wa M. Clementi, katswiri woimba piyano komanso woimba nyimbo, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali wodziwa kupanga piyano. Mu nthawi ya London ya moyo wake, Field anasonyeza zida mu shopu ya Clementi, anayamba kuchita zoimbaimba, ndipo anatsagana mphunzitsi wake pa maulendo kunja. Mu 1799, Field adachita kwa nthawi yoyamba Concerto yake Yoyamba ya Piano, yomwe idamubweretsera kutchuka. M'zaka zimenezo, zisudzo wake bwinobwino unachitikira ku London, Paris, Vienna. M'kalata yopita kwa wofalitsa komanso wopanga nyimbo I. Pleyel, Clementi adalimbikitsa Field ngati wanzeru wodalirika yemwe adakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu mdziko lakwawo chifukwa cha nyimbo zake komanso luso lake loimba.

1802 - chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Field: pamodzi ndi mphunzitsi wake anabwera ku Russia. Ku St. Petersburg, woimba wachichepereyo, ndi kuseŵera kwake kodabwitsa, amalengeza zoimbira za piano za Clementi, amachita bwino kwambiri m’masaluni olemekezeka, ndipo amadziŵa bwino za luso lanyimbo la ku Russia. Pang'onopang'ono, amakulitsa chikhumbo chokhala ku Russia kwamuyaya. Udindo waukulu pachigamulochi mwina unaseweredwa chifukwa chakuti adalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi anthu a ku Russia.

Moyo wa Field ku Russia umagwirizana ndi mizinda iwiri - St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. Apa ndipamene ntchito yake yopeka, yochita ndi yophunzitsa idawululidwa. Field ndiye mlembi wa 7 piano concertos, 4 sonatas, pafupifupi 20 nocturnes, kusintha kozungulira (kuphatikiza mitu yaku Russia), mapolonaise a piyano. Wolembayo adalembanso ma arias ndi zachikondi, 2 ma divertissements a piyano ndi zida za zingwe, piyano quintet.

Field anakhala woyambitsa wa mtundu watsopano wanyimbo - nocturne, amene kenako analandira chitukuko chanzeru mu ntchito ya F. Chopin, komanso angapo olemba ena. Kupambana kwa kulenga kwa Field m'derali, luso lake linayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi F. Liszt: "Pamaso pa Field, ntchito za piyano ziyenera kukhala sonatas, rondos, ndi zina zotero. momwe kumverera ndi nyimbo zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri ndikuyenda momasuka, osamangidwa ndi maunyolo amitundu yachiwawa. Anatsegula njira ya nyimbo zonse zomwe zinawonekera pansi pa mutu wakuti "Nyimbo Zopanda Mawu", "Impromptu", "Ballads", ndi zina zotero, ndipo anali kholo la masewerowa, omwe cholinga chake chinali kufotokoza zochitika zamkati ndi zaumwini. Anatsegula madera awa, omwe amapereka zongopeka bwino kwambiri kuposa zaulemu, zolimbikitsa, osati zanyimbo, zatsopano monga gawo labwino.

Kupanga ndi kaseweredwe ka Field kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyimba komanso kumveka bwino kwa mawu, nyimbo komanso kukhudzika kwachikondi, kusinthika komanso kukhazikika. Kuyimba piyano - chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe a Field - kunali kosangalatsa kwambiri kwa Glinka ndi oimba ena ambiri aku Russia komanso odziwa nyimbo. Kuyimba kwa Field kunali kofanana ndi nyimbo zachi Russia. Glinka, kuyerekeza kasewero ka Field ndi kamasewera a piano ena otchuka, analemba mu Zapiski kuti "Kusewera kwa Field nthawi zambiri kudali kolimba mtima, kowoneka bwino komanso kosiyanasiyana, koma sanawononge luso ndi quackery ndipo sanadutse ndi zala zake. odulamonga zidakwa zambiri zatsopano.”

Kuthandizira kwa Field pamaphunziro a oimba piyano achichepere aku Russia, akatswiri komanso amateurs, ndikofunikira. Ntchito zake zophunzitsa zinali zambiri. Munda ndi mphunzitsi wofunidwa komanso wolemekezeka m'mabanja ambiri olemekezeka. Anaphunzitsa oimba otchuka pambuyo pake monga A. Verstovsky, A. Gurilev, A. Dubuc, Ant. Kontsky. Glinka adatenga maphunziro angapo kuchokera ku Field. V. Odoevsky anaphunzira naye. Mu theka loyamba la 30s. Field adayenda ulendo waukulu ku England, France, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, kuyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi owunikira komanso anthu. Kumapeto kwa 1836, konsati yomaliza ya Field kale kudwala kwambiri unachitika mu Moscow, ndipo posakhalitsa woimba zodabwitsa anamwalira.

Dzina la Field ndi ntchito zimatenga malo olemekezeka komanso olemekezeka m'mbiri ya nyimbo za ku Russia. ntchito yake yolemba, kuchita ndi pedagogical anathandiza mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha limba Russian, anatsegula njira zikamera angapo odziwika bwino Russian oimba ndi olemba.

A. Nazarov