Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky |

Evgeny Mogilevsky

Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky ndi wochokera ku banja loimba. Makolo ake anali aphunzitsi ku Odessa Conservatory. Mayi, Serafima Leonidovna, yemwe adaphunzirapo ndi GG Neuhaus, kuyambira pachiyambi adasamalira maphunziro a nyimbo za mwana wake. Poyang'aniridwa ndi iye anakhala pansi pa limba kwa nthawi yoyamba (ichi chinali 1952, maphunziro unachitikira m'makoma a sukulu wotchuka Stolyarsky) ndipo iye, pa zaka 18, anamaliza sukulu. "Zimakhulupirira kuti n'zovuta kuti makolo omwe ali oimba aphunzitse ana awo, komanso kuti ana aziphunzira moyang'aniridwa ndi achibale awo," akutero Mogilevsky. “Mwina zili choncho. Kungoti sindimamva. Nditafika m’kalasi la amayi anga kapena tikamagwira ntchito kunyumba, panali mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira pafupi wina ndi mnzake – ndipo palibenso china. Amayi anali kufunafuna zatsopano - njira, njira zophunzitsira. Nthawi zonse ndimamukonda. ”…

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Kuyambira 1963, Mogilevsky ku Moscow. Kwa nthawi ndithu, mwatsoka lalifupi, adaphunzira ndi GG Neuhaus; atamwalira, ndi SG Neuhaus ndipo, potsiriza, ndi YI Zak. "Kuchokera kwa Yakov Izrailevich ndinaphunzira zambiri zomwe ndinalibe panthawiyo. Polankhula m'mawonekedwe ambiri, adandilanga mawonekedwe anga. Chifukwa chake, masewera anga. Kulankhulana naye, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina kunali kovuta kwa ine, kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri. Sindinasiye kuphunzira ndi Yakov Izrailevich ngakhale nditamaliza maphunziro, ndikukhalabe m'kalasi mwake monga wothandizira.

Kuyambira ali mwana, Mogilevsky adazolowera siteji - ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi adasewera pamaso pa omvera kwa nthawi yoyamba, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi adayimba ndi gulu la oimba. Chiyambi cha ntchito yake yojambula chinali kukumbukira mbiri yofanana ya prodigies ya ana, mwamwayi, chiyambi chokha. Geeks nthawi zambiri amakhala "okwanira" kwa nthawi yochepa, kwa zaka zingapo; Mogilevsky, m'malo mwake, amapita patsogolo kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, kutchuka kwake m'mabwalo oimba kunakhala ponseponse. Izi zinachitika mu 1964, ku Brussels, pa Queen Elizabeth Competition.

Analandira mphoto yoyamba ku Brussels. Chigonjetsocho chinapambana pa mpikisano womwe wakhala ukuwoneka kuti ndi wovuta kwambiri: mu likulu la Belgium, chifukwa chachisawawa, mungathe. musatenge malo a mphotho; simungachitenge mwangozi. Pakati pa mpikisano wa Mogilevsky panali oimba piyano ochepa ophunzitsidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo ambuye angapo apamwamba kwambiri. N'zokayikitsa kuti akanakhala woyamba ngati mpikisano unachitika molingana ndi chilinganizo "amene njira yabwino". Chilichonse nthawi ino chidasankha mosiyana - chithumwa cha talente yake.

Inde. I. Zak adanenapo za Mogilevsky kuti pali "chithumwa chambiri" pamasewera ake (Zak Ya. Ku Brussels // Sov. Music. 1964. No. 9. P. 72.). GG Neuhaus, ngakhale atakumana ndi mnyamatayo kwakanthawi kochepa, adawona kuti anali "wokongola kwambiri, ali ndi chithumwa chachikulu, chogwirizana ndi luso lake lachilengedwe" (Neigauz GG Reflections of a jury member // Neugauz GG Reflections, memoirs, diaries. Zolemba zosankhidwa. Makalata opita kwa makolo. P. 115.). Onse awiri Zach ndi Neuhaus analankhula kwenikweni za chinthu chomwecho, ngakhale m'mawu osiyana. Zonsezi zikutanthawuza kuti ngati chithumwa ndi khalidwe lamtengo wapatali ngakhale muzosavuta, kulankhulana "tsiku ndi tsiku" pakati pa anthu, ndiye kuti ndi kofunika bwanji kwa wojambula - wina yemwe amapita pa siteji, amalankhulana ndi mazana, zikwi za anthu. Onse awiri adawona kuti Mogilevsky adapatsidwa mphatso iyi yosangalatsa (ndi yosowa!) kuyambira kubadwa. "Chithumwa chaumwini" ichi, monga momwe Zach ananenera, chinabweretsa kupambana kwa Mogilevsky muzochita zake zaubwana; pambuyo pake adaganiza za luso lake ku Brussels. Imakopabe anthu kumakonsati ake mpaka lero.

(Poyambirira, kambirimbiri zinanenedwa za chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimabweretsa konsati ndi zisudzo pamodzi. "Kodi mukudziwa ochita zisudzo amene ayenera kuonekera pa siteji, ndipo omvera amawakonda kale?" Analemba KS Stanislavsky. Chifukwa cha chiyani? (Stanislavsky KS Dzigwireni nokha muzopanga zopanga thupi // Ntchito zosonkhanitsa - M., 1955. T. 3. S. 234.))

Chithumwa cha Mogilevsky ngati woimba konsati, ngati tisiya "zosamvetsetseka" ndi "zosamvetsetseka", zili kale m'mawu ake: zofewa, mwachikondi; mawu a woyimba piyano—madandaulo, kuusa moyo, “noti” za pempho lachikondi, mapemphero amakhala omveka. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo machitidwe a Mogilevsky a chiyambi cha Chopin's Fourth Ballade, mutu wanyimbo wochokera ku gulu lachitatu la Schumann's Fantasy mu C yaikulu, yomwe ilinso pakati pa kupambana kwake; munthu akhoza kukumbukira kwambiri mu Second Sonata ndi Lachitatu Concerto Rachmaninov, mu ntchito za Tchaikovsky, Scriabin ndi olemba ena. Liwu lake la piyano ndi losangalatsanso - limamveka mokoma, nthawi zina mochititsa chidwi, ngati la nyimbo ya opera - liwu lomwe likuwoneka kuti likudzaza ndi chisangalalo, kutentha, mitundu yonunkhira ya timbre. (Nthawi zina, china chake chodetsa nkhawa, chonunkhira, chokometsera kwambiri chamtundu - chikuwoneka kuti chili m'mawu a Mogilevsky, kodi ichi si chithumwa chawo chapadera?)

Pomaliza, mawonekedwe a wojambula amakopanso, momwe amachitira pamaso pa anthu: mawonekedwe ake pabwalo, mawonekedwe pamasewera, manja. Mwa iye, m'mawonekedwe ake onse kuseri kwa chidacho, pali kukoma kwamkati komanso kuswana kwabwino, komwe kumayambitsa kusadziletsa kwa iye. Mogilevsky pa clavirabends ake sizongosangalatsa kumvetsera, ndizosangalatsa kumuyang'ana.

Wojambulayo ndi wabwino makamaka muzojambula zachikondi. Adadziwikiratu kwanthawi yayitali m'mabuku monga Schumann's Kreisleriana ndi F sharping novelta, Sonata ya Liszt mu B zazing'ono, etudes ndi Petrarch's Sonnets, Fantasia ndi Fugue pamitu ya opera ya Liszt Mneneri - Busoni, impromptu ndi Schucal Mosments. ”, sonatas ndi Chopin's Second Piano Concerto. Ndi mu nyimbo iyi momwe kukhudzira kwake kwa omvera kumawonekera kwambiri, maginito ake a siteji, kuthekera kwake kopambana. thandizani zokumana nazo za ena. Zimachitika kuti nthawi ikadutsa pambuyo pa msonkhano wotsatira ndi woyimba piyano ndipo mumayamba kuganiza: kodi panalibe kuwala kochulukirapo m'mawu ake a siteji kuposa kuya? Chithumwa chochuluka kuposa zomwe zimamveka mu nyimbo monga nzeru, kudziwonetsera kwauzimu, kumizidwa mwa iwe wekha? .. Ndizodabwitsa kuti malingaliro onsewa amabwera m'maganizo Patathapamene Mogilevsky conchaet sewera.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iye ndi zapamwamba. Mogilevsky, atangolankhula naye pamutuwu kale, nthawi zambiri ankayankha kuti Bach, Scarlatti, Hynd, Mozart sanali "olemba" ake. (Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zasintha pang'ono - koma zambiri pambuyo pake.) Izi, mwachiwonekere, ndizopadera za "psychology" ya woyimba piyano: ndizosavuta kwa iye. kutsegula mu nyimbo za pambuyo pa Beethoven. Komabe, chinthu chinanso chofunikira - mawonekedwe amunthu waluso lake.

Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti ku Mogilevsky nthawi zonse imadziwonetsera kuchokera kumbali yopindulitsa kwambiri muzojambula zachikondi. Pazokongoletsa mwachithunzithunzi, "mtundu" umayang'anira chojambuliracho, malo okongola - pamawonekedwe olondola, kamvekedwe kaphokoso kakang'ono - pakuwuma, kopanda chopondapo. Chachikulu chimakhala patsogolo pa zazing'ono, ndakatulo "zambiri" - makamaka, mwatsatanetsatane, tsatanetsatane wopangidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera.

Zimachitika kuti mukusewera kwa Mogilevsky munthu amatha kumva zojambulajambula, mwachitsanzo, pakutanthauzira kwake koyambira kwa Chopin, ma etudes, ndi zina zambiri. Nyimbo zomveka za woyimba piyano zimawonekera nthawi zina (Ravel's "Night Gaspar", ting'onoting'ono ta Scriabin, "Zithunzi za Debussy". ", "Zithunzi pa Chiwonetsero »Mussorgsky, etc.) - monga momwe zikuwonekera mu zojambula za ojambula ojambula zithunzi. Mosakayikira, mu nyimbo zamtundu wina - kuti, choyamba, chomwe chinabadwa ndi chilakolako chachikondi chodzidzimutsa - njirayi ndi yokongola komanso yothandiza mwa njira yakeyake. Koma osati m'makalasi apamwamba, osati m'mawu omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino azaka za zana la XNUMX.

Mogilevsky sasiya kugwira ntchito lero pa "kumaliza" luso lake. Izi zimamvekanso ndi kuti amasewera - zomwe olemba ndi ntchito zomwe amatchula - choncho, as akuyang'ana tsopano pa siteji ya konsati. Ndi chizindikiro kuti ma sonata angapo a Haydn ndi ma concerto a piano a Mozart adaphunziranso adawonekera m'mapulogalamu ake apakati ndi kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu; adalowa nawo mapulogalamuwa ndikukhazikitsa masewero monga "Elegy" ndi "Tambourine" ndi Rameau-Godowsky, "Giga" ndi Lully-Godowsky. Ndipo kupitirira. Nyimbo za Beethoven zinayamba kumveka nthawi zambiri madzulo - ma concertos a piyano (onse asanu), 33 kusiyana kwa Waltz ndi Diabelli, Makumi asanu ndi anayi, makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri a sonatas, Fantasia ya piano, kwaya ndi okhestra, ndi zina zotero. Zoonadi, zimapereka chidziwitso ku zokopa zapamwamba zomwe zimabwera ndi zaka kwa woimba aliyense wamkulu. Koma osati kokha. Chikhumbo chosalekeza cha Evgeny Gedeonovich chofuna kusintha, kusintha "teknoloji" ya masewera ake kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira. Ndipo ma classics mu nkhani iyi ndi ofunikira ...

Mogilevsky anati: “Masiku ano ndikukumana ndi mavuto amene sindinawasamalire mokwanira ndili mwana. Podziwa zambiri za chilengedwe cha woyimba piyano, sizovuta kulingalira zomwe zimabisika kumbuyo kwa mawu awa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti iye, munthu wopatsa mowolowa manja, ankaimba chida kuyambira ali mwana popanda khama lalikulu; inali nayo mbali zake zonse zabwino ndi zoipa. Zoipa - chifukwa pali zopambana mu zaluso zomwe zimapeza phindu pokhapokha ngati wojambulayo akugonjetseratu "kukaniza kwa zinthu." Tchaikovsky adanena kuti mwayi wopanga nthawi zambiri umayenera "kuchitidwa". Zomwezo, ndithudi, mu ntchito ya woimba nyimbo.

Mogilevsky akuyenera kukonza luso lake lamasewera, kukwaniritsa zokongoletsa zakunja, kuwongolera kakulidwe katsatanetsatane, osati kuti athe kupeza ukadaulo wina wapamwamba kwambiri - Scarlatti, Haydn kapena Mozart. Izi zimafunikanso ndi nyimbo zomwe amakonda kuchita. Ngakhale atachita, zowona, bwino kwambiri, monga, mwachitsanzo, sonata ya Medtner E, kapena sonata ya Bartok (1926), Concerto Yoyamba ya Liszt kapena Yachiwiri ya Prokofiev. Woyimba piyano amadziwa—ndipo lero kuposa kale—kuti aliyense amene akufuna kukwera pamwamba pa kusewera “zabwino” kapenanso “zabwino kwambiri” akufunika masiku ano kuti akhale ndi luso lochita bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe zitha "kuzunzidwa".

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Mu 1987, mu moyo wa Mogilevsky unachitika chidwi. Anaitanidwa kukhala membala wa oweruza pa Queen Elizabeth Competition ku Brussels - yemweyo yemwe kamodzi, zaka 27 zapitazo, adagonjetsa ndondomeko ya golide. Anakumbukira zambiri, anaganiza zambiri pamene anali patebulo la membala wa jury - komanso za njira yomwe adayenda kuyambira 1964, zomwe zidachitidwa, zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa panthawiyi, komanso zomwe sizinachitikebe, sichinakhazikitsidwe momwe mungafunire. Malingaliro oterowo, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kupanga ndikuwongolera molondola, nthawi zonse amakhala ofunikira kwa anthu ogwira ntchito yolenga: kubweretsa kusakhazikika ndi nkhawa m'moyo, amakhala ngati zisonkhezero zomwe zimawalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo.

Ku Brussels, Mogilevsky anamva oimba piyano ambiri achichepere ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake adalandira, monga akunena, lingaliro la machitidwe ena amakono a piyano. Makamaka, zinkawoneka kwa iye kuti mzere wotsutsa-chikondi tsopano ukulamulira momveka bwino.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, panali zochitika zina zosangalatsa zaluso ndi misonkhano ya Mogilev; panali zambiri zomveka bwino zanyimbo zomwe zidamukhudza mwanjira ina, zidamusangalatsa, zidasiya kukumbukira kwake. Mwachitsanzo, satopa kugawana malingaliro okondwa ouziridwa ndi zoimbaimba za Evgeny Kissin. Ndipo zikhoza kumveka: mu luso, nthawi zina munthu wamkulu akhoza kujambula, kuphunzira kuchokera kwa mwana wosachepera mwana kuchokera kwa wamkulu. Kissin nthawi zambiri amasangalatsa Mogilevsky. Mwinamwake amamva mwa iye chinachake chofanana ndi iyemwini - mulimonse, ngati tikumbukira nthawi yomwe iye mwiniyo anayamba ntchito yake ya siteji. Yevgeny Gedeonovich amakondanso kusewera kwa woyimba piyano chifukwa zimatsutsana ndi "zotsutsa zachikondi" zomwe adaziwona ku Brussels.

…Mogilevsky ndi wochita nawo konsati. Iye wakhala akukondedwa ndi anthu, kuyambira pachiyambi chake pa siteji. Timamukonda chifukwa cha luso lake, lomwe, mosasamala kanthu za kusintha kwa machitidwe, masitayelo, zokonda ndi mafashoni, zakhala ndipo zidzakhalabe "chiwerengero" chamtengo wapatali muzojambula. Chilichonse chikhoza kutheka, chotheka, "cholanda" kupatula ufulu wotchedwa Talente. ("Mungathe kuphunzitsa momwe mungawonjezere mamita, koma simungaphunzire kuwonjezera mafanizo," Aristotle adanena.) Komabe, Mogilevsky sakayikira ufulu umenewu.

G. Tsypin