Clavichord: ndichiyani, zikuchokera zida, mbiri, phokoso, ntchito

"Keystring" ndi dzina losavomerezeka la chida, chomwe chakhala chosinthika cha monochord. Iye, mofanana ndi chiwalocho, anali ndi kiyibodi, koma osati mapaipi, koma zingwe, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makina osakanikirana, zinali ndi udindo wotulutsa phokosolo.

Chipangizo cha Clavichord

M'magulu amakono a nyimbo, chida ichi chimatengedwa ngati woimira banja la harpsichord, wotsogolera wamkulu wa piyano. Ili ndi thupi lokhala ndi kiyibodi, maimidwe anayi. Clavichord idayikidwa pansi kapena patebulo, atakhala pansi, woimbayo adagunda makiyi, akutulutsa mawu. "Makibodi" oyambirira anali ndi phokoso laling'ono - ma octave awiri okha. Pambuyo pake, chidacho chinawongoleredwa, mphamvu zake zidakulitsidwa mpaka ma octaves asanu.

Clavichord ndi chida choimbira cha zingwe, chomwe chimakhala ndi zikhomo zachitsulo. Seti ya zingwe "zobisika" pamlanduwo, zomwe zidapangitsa kusuntha kwa oscillatory atakumana ndi makiyi. Atapanikizidwa, chikhomo chachitsulo (tanget) chinakhudza chingwecho ndikuchikokera. M'ma clavichords osavuta "aulere", chingwe chosiyana chinaperekedwa ku kiyi iliyonse. Zitsanzo zovuta kwambiri (zokhudzana) zimasiyana ndi zotsatira za 2-3 tangets pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za chingwe.

Miyeso ya chida ndi yaying'ono - kuyambira 80 mpaka 150 centimita. Clavichord inkatengedwa mosavuta ndikuyika m'malo osiyanasiyana. Thupilo linakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula, zojambula, ndi zojambula. Popanga, mitundu yamtengo wapatali yokha idagwiritsidwa ntchito: spruce, Karelian birch, cypress.

Mbiri yakale

Chidacho chinakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha nyimbo. Tsiku lenileni la maonekedwe ake silinatchulidwe. Kutchulidwa koyamba kunawonekera m'zaka za XVI. Chiyambi cha dzinali chimatanthauza mawu achilatini akuti "clavis" - fungulo, kuphatikizapo "chord" chachi Greek - chingwe.

Mbiri ya clavichord imayambira ku Italy. Zolemba zomwe zatsala zikutsimikizira kuti kunali komweko m'mene makope oyamba amawonekera. Mmodzi mwa awa, wa Dominic waku Pisa, wapulumuka mpaka lero. Idapangidwa mu 1543 ndipo ndi chiwonetsero cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe ili ku Leipzig.

"Kiyibodi" idayamba kutchuka mwachangu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipinda, kupanga nyimbo zapakhomo, popeza clavichord simatha kumveka mokweza, ikulira. Mbali imeneyi inalepheretsa kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zisudzo m'maholo akuluakulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida

Clavichord yachikale kale m'zaka za zana la 5 inali ndi mawu okulirapo mpaka ma octave XNUMX. Kuisewera kunali chizindikiro cha kuleredwa bwino ndi maphunziro. Aristocrat ndi oimira a bourgeoisie adayika chidacho m'nyumba zawo ndikuyitanitsa alendo ku makonsati am'chipinda. Zambiri zinapangidwira kwa iye, olemba nyimbo zazikulu adalemba ntchito: VA Mozart, L. Van Beethoven, JS Bach.

Zaka za m'ma 19 zidadziwika ndi kutchuka kwa piyanoforte. Piyano yomveka kwambiri, yomveka bwino inatenga malo a clavichord. Obwezeretsa amakono amakondwera ndi lingaliro la kubwezeretsa "kiyibodi" yakale kuti amve phokoso loyambirira la ntchito za olemba nyimbo zazikulu.