Kobza: ndichiyani, zida zikuchokera, mbiri, phokoso, ntchito

Chida choimbira cha ku Ukraine kobza ndi wachibale wa lute. Ndi gulu la zingwe, zodulira, zokhala ndi zingwe zinayi kapena zingapo zophatikizika. Kuphatikiza ku Ukraine, mitundu yake imapezeka ku Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Poland.

Chida chipangizo

Maziko ake ndi thupi, zinthu zake ndi nkhuni. Maonekedwe a thupilo amatalika pang'ono, ngati peyala. Mbali yakutsogolo, yokhala ndi zingwe, ndi yathyathyathya, yakumbuyo ndi yowoneka bwino. Miyeso yofananira yamilandu ndi 50 cm mulitali ndi 30 cm mulifupi.

Khosi laling'ono limamangiriridwa ku thupi, lokhala ndi zitsulo zachitsulo ndi mutu wopindika pang'ono. Zingwe zimatambasulidwa kumbali yakutsogolo, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakhala kosiyana: panali zosankha zamapangidwe ndi osachepera anayi, okhala ndi zingwe khumi ndi ziwiri.

Nthawi zina plectrum imaphatikizidwanso - ndikosavuta kusewera nayo kuposa ndi zala zanu, mawuwo amakhala oyera kwambiri.

Kodi kobza imamveka bwanji?

Chidacho chili ndi dongosolo la quarto-quint. Kumveka kwake ndi kofewa, kofatsa, koyenera kutsagana, popanda kumiza ena onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyo. Zimayenda bwino ndi violin, chitoliro, clarinet, chitoliro.

Phokoso la kobza limamveka bwino, kotero woimba amatha kuchita ntchito zovuta. Njira zosewerera ndizofanana ndi za lute: kudulira zingwe, harmonic, legato, tremolo, brute force.

History

Zitsanzo ngati lute zimapezeka pafupifupi m'chikhalidwe chilichonse. Mwinamwake, lingaliro la kulengedwa kwawo linabadwira m'mayiko a Kum'mawa. Mawu akuti "kobza", "kobuz" amapezeka muumboni wolembedwa kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX. Zomanga zofanana ndi lute yaku Ukraine zimatchedwa "kopuz" ku Turkey, ndi "cobza" ku Romania.

Kobza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Ukraine, atagwa m'chikondi ndi Cossacks: anali ndi dzina lapadera pano: "Lute of the Cossack", "Cossack lute". Anthu amene ankadziwa luso la kuimba ankatchedwa kobzars. Nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi nyimbo zawo, nthano, nthano ndi Play. Pali umboni wolembedwa kuti hetman wotchuka Bohdan Khmelnytsky, atalandira akazembe akunja, adasewera kobza.

Kuwonjezera pa anthu a ku Ukraine, lute yosinthidwa inagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko a ku Poland, Romanian, Russia. Anali kuonedwa ngati chuma cha dziko, sichinkafuna kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali kuti azitha kusewera. Mitundu ya ku Ulaya inkawoneka yofanana, yosiyana kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe.

Zaka za zana la XNUMX zidadziwika ndi kupangidwa kwa chida chofananira, bandura. Zatsopanozo zinakhala zangwiro, zovuta, ndipo posakhalitsa zinakakamiza "mlongo" kuchoka ku dziko la nyimbo za ku Ukraine.

Masiku ano, mutha kudziwa mbiri ya chida cha Chiyukireniya mu Museum of Kobza Art mumzinda wa Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky: pafupifupi 400 ziwonetsero zimayikidwa mkati.

kugwiritsa

Nthawi zambiri nyimbo za Chiyukireniya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu oimba, magulu a anthu oimba: amatsagana ndi kuyimba kapena nyimbo yayikulu.

Imodzi mwa nyimbo zodziwika bwino komanso zopambana zomwe zili ndi kobza muzolemba zawo ndi National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments of Ukraine.