Shamisen: kufotokoza kwa chida, zikuchokera, mbiri, phokoso, ntchito

Nyimbo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha dziko la Japan. M'dziko lamakono, lakhala symbiosis ya miyambo yomwe inabwera ku Land of the Rising Sun kuchokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Shamisen ndi chida chapadera choimbira chomwe chimaseweredwa ku Japan kokha. Dzinali limatanthawuza "zingwe zitatu", ndipo kunja kwake limafanana ndi nyimbo yachikhalidwe.

Shamisen ndi chiyani

M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, osimba nthano, oimba ndi akazi akhungu oyendayenda ankasewera m’makwalala a m’mizinda ndi m’matauni ndi choimbira cha zingwe chodulira, chomwe kamvekedwe kake kanadalira mwachindunji luso la woimbayo. Zitha kuwoneka muzojambula zakale m'manja mwa ma geisha okongola. Amayimba nyimbo zogometsa pogwiritsa ntchito zala za dzanja lawo lamanja ndi plectrum, chipangizo chapadera chomenyetsa zingwezo.

Sami (monga momwe a ku Japan amachitchera mwachikondi chidachi) ndi analogi ya lute ya ku Ulaya. Phokoso lake limasiyanitsidwa ndi timbre yayikulu, yomwe imadalira kutalika kwa zingwe. Wosewera aliyense amadzisinthira yekha shamisen, kuzitalikitsa kapena kuzifupikitsa. Mtundu - 2 kapena 4 octaves.

Chida chipangizo

Mmodzi wa banja la zingwe zozulidwa amakhala ndi ng'oma ya sikweya ya resonator ndi khosi lalitali. Zingwe zitatu zimakokedwa pa icho. Khosi lilibe zodandaula. Pamapeto pake pali bokosi lokhala ndi zikhomo zitatu zazitali. Amakumbutsanso tsitsi la tsitsi lomwe amayi a ku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa tsitsi lawo. Mutu wamutu wapindika pang'ono kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa sami kumasiyana. Shamisen yachikhalidwe ndi pafupifupi masentimita 80 kutalika.

Shamisen kapena Sangen ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a resonator. Popanga zida zina zamtundu wina, nthawi zambiri ankazibowola ndi mtengo umodzi. Pankhani ya shamisen, ng'oma imagwedezeka, imakhala ndi mbale zinayi zamatabwa. Izi zimathandizira mayendedwe. Mabalawa amapangidwa ndi quince, mabulosi, sandalwood.

Ngakhale kuti anthu ena ankaphimba thupi la zida zodulira zingwe ndi chikopa cha njoka, anthu a ku Japan ankagwiritsa ntchito chikopa cha mphaka kapena cha galu popanga shamisen. Pa thupi pansi pa zingwe, chikomokere chimayikidwa. Kukula kwake kumakhudza timbre. Zingwe zitatu ndi silika kapena nayiloni. Kuchokera m'munsimu, amamangiriridwa ku rack ndi zingwe za neo.

Mutha kuyimba lute ya zingwe zitatu zaku Japan ndi zala zanu kapena ndi bati plectrum. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa, pulasitiki, mafupa a nyama, chipolopolo cha kamba. Mphepete yogwira ntchito ya abambo ndi yakuthwa, mawonekedwe ake ndi katatu.

Mbiri yakale

Asanakhale chida cha anthu aku Japan, shamisen adayenda ulendo wautali kuchokera ku Middle East kudutsa Asia yonse. Poyamba, adakondana ndi anthu okhala kuzilumba za Okinawa yamakono, kenako anasamukira ku Japan. Sami sanavomerezedwe ndi akuluakulu a ku Japan kwa nthawi yaitali. Chidacho chinatchedwa "otsika", pochiganizira kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha akhungu akhungu oyendayenda ndi geishas.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, nthawi ya Edo idayamba, yodziwika ndi kukwera kwachuma komanso kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe. Shamisen mwamphamvu adalowa mu zigawo zonse za zilandiridwenso: ndakatulo, nyimbo, zisudzo, penti. Palibe ngakhale sewero limodzi m'mabwalo amasewera achikale a Kabuki ndi Bunraku omwe sangachite popanda mawu ake.

Kusewera sami inali gawo la maphunziro okakamiza a maiko. Geisha iliyonse ya kotala ya Yoshiwara inayenera kudziŵa kayimbidwe ka zingwe zitatu zaku Japan mpaka kufika paungwiro.

Zosiyanasiyana

Gulu la Shamisen limachokera ku makulidwe a khosi. Phokoso ndi timbre zimadalira kukula kwake. Pali mitundu itatu:

• Futozao - kuimba kwanthawi zonse chida ichi chadziwika bwino m'zigawo zakumpoto kwa Japan. The plectrum ndi yaikulu kukula, khosi ndi lalikulu, wandiweyani. Kapangidwe ka nyimbo za shami futozao ndizotheka kwa ma virtuosos enieni.
• Chuzao - amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo za chipinda, masewero ndi zisudzo za zidole. Khosi ndi lapakati kukula kwake.
• Hosozao ndi chida chofotokozera nkhani chachikhalidwe chokhala ndi khosi lopapatiza, lopyapyala.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shami kulinso mu ngodya yomwe khosi limamangiriridwa ku thupi, ndi kukula kwa chala chala chomwe zingwe zimakanikizidwa.

kugwiritsa

Ndizosatheka kulingalira miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha dziko la Land of the Rising Sun popanda phokoso la shamisen. Chidacho chimamveka m'magulu amtundu wa anthu, patchuthi chakumidzi, m'malo owonetsera, mafilimu, anime. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale ndi magulu a jazi ndi avant-garde.

Momwe mungasewere shamisen

Mbali yapadera ya chidacho ndikutha kusintha timbre. Njira yayikulu yochotsera mawu ndikumenya zingwezo ndi plectrum. Koma, ngati woimbayo akugwira nthawi imodzi zingwe pazanja ndi dzanja lake lamanzere, ndiye kuti phokoso limakhala lokongola kwambiri. Chingwe chapansi pa savary ndichofunika kwambiri muzojambula. Kuyidzula kumakupatsani mwayi wotulutsa nyimbo zambiri komanso phokoso laling'ono lomwe limalemeretsa nyimboyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mzere wa mawu wa wofotokozera kapena woimba uyenera kugwirizana kwambiri ndi phokoso la sami, patsogolo pang'ono pa nyimboyo.

Shamisen si chida choimbira chabe, chimaphatikizapo miyambo yakale, mbiri ya Japan, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kumveka kwake kumatsagana ndi anthu okhala m'dzikoli kuyambira kubadwa mpaka imfa, kumapereka chisangalalo ndi chifundo panthawi yachisoni.