Portamento, glissando, slide

Njira yosewera, yomwe imakhala ndi kutsetsereka motsatira sikelo ya diatonic (ya piyano) kapena pamlingo wa chromatic (pazida zazingwe) imatchedwa portamento, glissando kapena slide. Njirayi imadzaza kusiyana pakati pa zolemba ziwiri zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Kutsetsereka kungakhale mmwamba kapena pansi.

Mawu akuti "glissando" amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi oimba zida. Mawu akuti "portamento" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba.

Imawonetsedwa ndi portamento ndi glissando ndi mzere wa wavy wolumikiza zolemba ziwiri:

Portamento, glissando

Chithunzi 1. Portamento, glissando

Wopanda

Mawuwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za glissando yomwe imasewera pa gitala. Zowonetsedwa ndi mzere wowongoka wolumikiza zolemba. Pankhaniyi, kutsetsereka kumatheka pazingwe zingapo nthawi imodzi:

Wopanda

Chithunzi 2. Slide notation

Kuwonjezera pa zolemba zina kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa slide, n'zotheka kusiya zolemba zoyambirira kapena zomaliza. Pankhaniyi, mzere wowongoka umakhalabe, ndipo cholembera (kapena chodulira) sichinasonyezedwe.

Chikhali

Kuphatikiza pa njira yomwe tafotokozayi, mawu oti "portamento" amatanthauza zakuya zopanda legato. Ndiko kumveka kofanana kwa mawu kapena nyimbo (mtanda pakati pa legato ndi staccato ). Kutchulidwa kwa njirayi kumaphatikizapo mayina a legato ndi staccato:

Chikhali

Chithunzi 3. Portamento notation

Glissando (Italian glissando, kuchokera ku French glisser - to slide) ndi njira yapadera yosewera, yomwe imakhala ndi kulowetsa chala mofulumira pazingwe kapena makiyi a nyimbo. chida. Mosiyana ndi portamento, yomwe ndi njira yofotokozera. sewero, lomwe silinakhazikitsidwe ndi wolemba nyimbo ndipo nthawi zambiri molakwika limatchedwa G., kwenikweni G. imakhazikika mu mawu otuluka thukuta, kuyimira gawo lofunikira la nyimbo. Mu fp. Masewera a G. amatheka potsetsereka mbali yakunja ya msomali phalanx ya chala chachikulu kapena chala chachitatu (nthawi zambiri kudzanja lamanja) motsatira makiyi oyera kapena akuda. Popanga zida za kiyibodi G. imapezeka koyamba mu French. Wolemba JB Moreau m'gulu lake. "Buku loyamba la zidutswa za harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 1722). Chatekinoloje yapadera. zovuta zimaperekedwa ndi kuphedwa pa fp. G. kutsatizana kwa zolemba ziwiri (zachitatu,

G. imachitidwa mosavuta pa piyano. mapangidwe akale okhala ndi zosinthika kwambiri, zotchedwa. Viennese mechanics. Mwina ndichifukwa chake G. mu magawo asanu ndi limodzi ofananira adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi WA ​​Mozart (zosiyana za "Lison dormant"). Mamba a Octave amapezeka mu L. Beethoven (konsati mu C yaikulu, sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concert chidutswa", op. 79), G. mu magawo atatu ndi quarts - mu M. Ravel ("Mirrors") ndi ena

Ngati pazida za kiyibodi ndi dongosolo lawo laukali, mothandizidwa ndi G., sikelo yokhala ndi phula linalake imachotsedwa, ndiye pazida zowerama, zomwe machitidwe aulere ali ndi mawonekedwe, pogwiritsa ntchito G., chromatic imachotsedwa. kutsatizana kwa phokoso, ndi phokoso, ntchito yeniyeni ya semitones sikofunikira (njira yopeza siyenera kusakanikirana ndi G. pa zida zoweramira - ntchito ya chromatic scale poyendetsa chala). Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa g. poyimba zida zoweramira Ch. ayi. mu coloristic zotsatira. G. kachitidwe ka ndime zina pazida zoweramira, kupatula chromatic. sikelo, imatheka posewera ndi ma harmonics. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zakale kwambiri za G. pa zida zoweramira chiri mu Chitaliyana. wolemba K. Farina (mu "An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, skr. solo), pogwiritsa ntchito G. monga zachilengedwe. kulandira mawu. M'gulu lachikale la G. silipezeka mu nyimbo za zida zoweramira (zosowa za G. kukwera chromatic motsatizana ndi octaves mu code ya 1st gawo la concerto kwa A. Dvorak). Monga njira yosewera mwaluso, zigawenga zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabuku olembedwa ndi oimba nyimbo zachikondi komanso oimba nyimbo zama cell. mayendedwe (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, ndi ena). G. imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana makamaka ngati utoto wa timbre mu nyimbo. zolemba m'zaka za zana la 20 za zida zoweramira komanso ngati wojambula. reception in orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo from the 1st concerto for violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos and pieces for violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" for violin; Z. Kodai - G. chords in sonata for solo, G. violin ndi mabasi awiri mu "Spanish Rhapsody" lolemba Ravel). Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za G. vlch. ili mu gawo lachiwiri la sonata la VC. ndi fp. DD Shostakovich. Njira yapadera ndi G. flageolets, mwachitsanzo. cellos ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov ("Usiku Usanafike Khrisimasi"), VV Shcherbachev (2nd symphony), Ravel ("Daphnis ndi Chloe"), viola ndi voliyumu. MO Steinberg ("Metamorphoses") ndi ena.

G. ndi njira yofala kwambiri pakuyimba zeze, komwe idalandira ntchito yapadera kwambiri (m'ntchito za oimba a theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 19, mawu achitaliyana akuti sdrucciolando nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito). Apfic G. nthawi zambiri imamangidwa pamawu a zotengera zachisanu ndi chiwiri (kuphatikiza zocheperako; nthawi zambiri zimangomveka pamawu osagwirizana). Mukamaimba G., zingwe zonse za zeze, mothandizidwa ndi kukonzanso kwa otd. amamveka, perekani mawu a manotsi okhawo omwe akuphatikizidwa mu nyimbo yoperekedwa. Ndi kutsika pansi, G. pa zeze amachitidwa ndi chala choyamba chopindika pang'ono, ndikuyenda mmwamba - ndi chachiwiri (dzanja limodzi kapena awiri mu kusinthasintha, kupatukana ndi kudutsa manja). G. amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pamatsatidwe ngati a gamma.

G. amagwiritsidwa ntchito posewera mizimu yamkuwa. zida - pa trombone mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka backstage (mwachitsanzo, trombone solo mu "Pulcinella" ndi IF Stravinsky), lipenga, pa zida zoimbira (mwachitsanzo, G. pedal timpani mu "Nyimbo za zida zoweramira, kugwedeza ndi celesta” B . Bartok).

G. imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu folk instr. adapachika. (Kalembedwe ka Verbunkosh), rum. ndi nkhungu. nyimbo, komanso jazi. M'mawu a nyimbo a G., mawu oyamba ndi omaliza a ndimeyi nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa, mawu apakati amasinthidwa ndi mzere kapena mzere wa wavy.