Krystian Zimerman |

Krystian Zimerman

Kufulumira kwa kukwera kwaluso kwa wojambula waku Poland kumawoneka ngati kosaneneka: m'masiku ochepa a IX Chopin Competition ku Warsaw, wophunzira wazaka 18 wa Katowice Academy of Music adachoka pakuwonekera kwa munthu wamba. woimba ku ulemerero wa wopambana wachinyamata wa mpikisano waukulu kwambiri wa nthawi yathu ino. Timawonjezera kuti sanakhale wopambana kwambiri m'mbiri ya mpikisano, komanso adapambana mphoto zonse zowonjezera - chifukwa cha mazurkas, polonaises, sonatas. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, iye anakhala fano loona la anthu ndi wokondedwa wa otsutsa, amene nthawi ino anasonyeza kusagwirizana ndi chigamulo cha jury. Zitsanzo zochepa zingatchulidwe za chisangalalo chachikulu ndi chisangalalo chomwe masewera a wopambana adayambitsa - wina amakumbukira, mwinamwake, kupambana kwa Van Cliburn ku Moscow. "Mosakayikira ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zimphona zamtsogolo za pianoforte - chinthu chomwe sichipezeka kawirikawiri pamipikisano komanso kunja kwawo," analemba wotsutsa wachingelezi B. Morrison, yemwe analipo pa mpikisano ...

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Tsopano, komabe, ngati tinyalanyaza mkhalidwe wanthawi zonse wa chisangalalo champikisano chomwe chinalipo panthawiyo ku Warsaw, zonsezi sizikuwoneka ngati zosayembekezereka. Ndipo mawonetseredwe oyambirira a mphatso ya mnyamatayo, yemwe anabadwira m'banja loimba (bambo ake, woyimba piyano wodziwika bwino ku Katowice, anayamba kuphunzitsa mwana wake kuimba piyano kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu), komanso mofulumira. kupambana motsogozedwa ndi mlangizi yekhayo komanso wokhazikika Andrzej Jasiński kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, wojambula waluso, yemwe adatulutsidwa mu 1960 monga wopambana pa mpikisano wotchedwa M. Canalier ku Barcelona, ​​​​koma posakhalitsa anasiya ntchito yayikulu yoimba. Pamapeto pake, pofika nthawi ya mpikisano wa Warsaw, Christian anali ndi zokumana nazo zambiri (anayamba kuyimba ali ndi zaka eyiti ndiyeno adasewera pawailesi yakanema kwa nthawi yoyamba), ndipo sanali woyamba m'nyengo yampikisano: zaka ziwiri zisanachitike. kuti, adalandira kale mphoto yoyamba pampikisano ku Hradec-Králové (omwe omvera ambiri sankadziwa, chifukwa ulamuliro wa mpikisano uwu ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri). Chotero, zonse zinkawoneka kukhala zomveka ndithu. Ndipo, pokumbukira zonsezi, okayikira ambiri atangomaliza mpikisanowo adatsitsa kamvekedwe kawo, anayamba mokweza, pamasamba a atolankhani, kufotokoza kukayikira ngati wopambana wamng'onoyo adzatha kupitirizabe mndandanda wochititsa chidwi wa oyambirira ake, omwe popanda kupatulapo. anakhala ojambula otchuka padziko lonse. Kupatula apo, adayenerabe kuphunzira ndikuwerenganso ...

Koma apa panachitika zodabwitsa kwambiri. Zoimbaimba zoyamba pambuyo pa mpikisano ndi zolemba za Tsimerman nthawi yomweyo zinatsimikizira kuti sanali woimba waluso, koma ali ndi zaka 18 anali kale wojambula wokhwima, wogwirizana. Osati kuti analibe zofooka kapena kuti anali atamvetsetsa kale nzeru zonse za luso lake ndi luso lake; koma ankadziwa bwino ntchito zake - zonse zazikulu ndi "zakutali", kotero kuti anazithetsa mwachidaliro ndi mwadala, kotero kuti mwamsanga sanatonthoze okayikirawo. Mosasinthasintha komanso mosatopa, adawonjezeranso nyimbozo ndi zolemba zakale komanso ntchito zaolemba zazaka za zana la XNUMX, posakhalitsa anatsutsa mantha akuti akhalabe "katswiri wa Chopin" ...

Pasanathe zaka zisanu, Zimerman anakopadi omvetsera ku Ulaya, America, ndi Japan. Iliyonse ya makonsati ake kunyumba ndi kunja imasandulika kukhala chochitika, kuchititsa chidwi champhamvu kuchokera kwa omvera. Ndipo kuyankha uku sikungofanana ndi chigonjetso cha Warsaw, koma, m'malo mwake, umboni wakugonjetsa kulimba mtima komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu. Panali nkhaŵa yoteroyo. Mwachitsanzo, D. Methuen-Campbell atatha kuwonekera koyamba ku London (1977) kuti: “Zowonadi, ali ndi kuthekera kokhala mmodzi wa oimba piyano akulu kwambiri m’zaka za zana lino - sipangakhale chikaikiro ponena za zimenezo; koma momwe adzakwaniritsire cholinga choterocho - tiwona; munthu ayenera kuyembekezera kuti ali ndi mlingo wabwino wanzeru komanso alangizi odziwa zambiri. ”…

Sizinatenge nthawi kuti Zimerman atsimikizire kuti anali wolondola. Posapita nthaŵi, wosuliza wodziŵika Wachifalansa Jacques Longchamp ananena m’nyuzipepala yotchedwa Le Monde kuti: “Okonda piyano okhala ndi maso oyaka anali kuyembekezera kumveka, ndipo anachipeza. Ndikosatheka kusewera Chopin mwaukadaulo komanso mokongola kuposa wachinyamata wokongola uyu wokhala ndi maso abuluu akumwamba. Luso lake loyimba piyano ndi losamvetsetseka - kumveka bwino kwambiri, kumveka bwino kwa polyphony, kudutsa mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo potsiriza, nzeru, njira, kumveka bwino kwa nyimbo - zonsezi ndizodabwitsa kwa zaka 22. -mkulu……” Atolankhani adalemba za wojambulayo m'mawu omwewo Germany, USA, England, Japan. Makasitomala nyimbo magazini oyamba ndemanga za makonsati ake ndi mitu yankhani zimene mwaokha kudziwiratu ziganizo za olemba: "Kuposa woyimba piyano", "Pianistic namatetule m'zaka", "Phenomenal Zimerman", "Chopin ngati mawonekedwe". Sikuti amangoikidwa pamlingo ndi ambuye odziwika a m'badwo wapakati monga Pollini, Argerich, Olsson, koma amaona kuti n'zotheka kuyerekeza ndi zimphona - Rubinstein, Horowitz, Hoffmann.

Mosakayikira, kutchuka kwa Zimerman kudziko lakwawo kudaposa kwa wojambula wina aliyense wamasiku ano waku Poland. Mlandu wapadera: pamene anamaliza maphunziro a Academy of Music Academy ku Katowice kumapeto kwa 1978, makonsati omaliza maphunziro anachitikira mu holo yaikulu ya Śląska Philharmonic. Kwa madzulo atatu inadzaza ndi okonda nyimbo, ndipo manyuzipepala ndi magazini ambiri anaika ndemanga za makonsati ameneŵa. Ntchito iliyonse yayikulu yatsopano ya wojambulayo imayankhidwa m'manyuzipepala, chilichonse mwazojambula zake zatsopano zimakambidwa mosangalatsa ndi akatswiri.

Mwamwayi, mwachiwonekere, chikhalidwe ichi cha kupembedza kwa chilengedwe chonse ndi kupambana sichinatembenuze mutu wa wojambulayo. M'malo mwake, ngati m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu pambuyo pa mpikisano ankaoneka kuti nawo mu whirlpool ya moyo konsati, ndiye kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zisudzo zake, anapitiriza ntchito mozama kupititsa patsogolo luso lake, ntchito wochezeka. thandizo la A. Yasinsky.

Tsimerman sakhala ndi nyimbo zokha, pozindikira kuti wojambula weniweni amafunikira kuyang'ana kwakukulu, kuthekera koyang'ana dziko lozungulira, komanso kumvetsetsa zaluso. Komanso, iye anaphunzira zinenero zingapo, makamaka, amalankhula ndi kuwerenga bwino mu Russian ndi English. Mwachidule, njira yopangira umunthu imapitilira, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, luso lake likuwongoleredwa, kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zatsopano. Kutanthauzira kumakhala kozama, komveka bwino, luso limakulitsidwa. Ndizodabwitsa kuti posachedwa "mnyamata akadali" Zimerman adanyozedwa chifukwa cha luntha lochulukira, kuuma kowuma kwa matanthauzidwe ena; lero, malingaliro ake akhala amphamvu komanso akuya, monga umboni wosatsutsika ndi kutanthauzira kwa ma concerto ndi 14 waltzes ndi Chopin, sonatas ndi Mozart, Brahms ndi Beethoven, Liszt's Second Concerto, First and Third Concertos ya Rachmaninov, yolembedwa m'zaka zaposachedwapa. . Koma kuseri kwa kukhwima uku, makhalidwe abwino akale a Zimerman, omwe adamupangitsa kutchuka kwambiri, samapita mumthunzi: kupanga nyimbo zatsopano, kumveka bwino kwa mawu omveka bwino, kulinganiza tsatanetsatane ndi kulingalira, kukopa kolongosoka ndi kutsimikizika kwa malingaliro. Ndipo ngakhale nthawi zina amalephera kupeŵa bravura mokokomeza, ngakhale mayendedwe ake nthawi zina amawoneka ngati mafunde kwambiri, zimawonekera kwa aliyense kuti izi si zoipa, osati kuyang'anira, koma mphamvu yolenga yochuluka.

Pofotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za zaka zoyamba za luso la woimba paokha, katswiri wanyimbo wa ku Poland Jan Weber analemba kuti: “Ndimatsatira ntchito ya Christian Zimerman mosamala kwambiri, ndipo ndimachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mmene woimba limba wathu amawongolera. Ndi ziyembekezo zingati za opambana pa mphotho zoyamba, zolandilidwa pamipikisano yosawerengeka, zidawotchedwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosasamala kwa talente yawo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake popanda tanthauzo, ngati kuti mu gawo lachidziwitso lachisangalalo! Chiyembekezo cha kupambana kwakukulu kochirikizidwa ndi mwayi waukulu ndi nyambo yomwe impresario iliyonse imagwiritsira ntchito, yomwe yatchera achinyamata ambiri opanda nzeru, osakhwima. Izi ndi zoona, ngakhale kuti mbiri ikudziwa zitsanzo za ntchito zimenezi, amene anayamba popanda vuto kwa ojambula zithunzi (mwachitsanzo, ntchito Paderewski). Koma mbiri yokha imapereka chitsanzo chosiyana ndi zaka zapafupi ndi ife - Van Cliburn, yemwe adakondwera ndi ulemerero wa wopambana Mpikisano Woyamba wa Tchaikovsky mu 1958, ndipo patapita zaka 12 mabwinja okha adatsalira. Zaka zisanu zamasewera a pop Tsimerman amapereka zifukwa zonena kuti sakufuna kupita mwanjira imeneyi. Mungakhale otsimikiza kuti sadzafika tsoka, chifukwa amachita pang'ono ndipo kokha kumene iye akufuna, koma amadzuka mwadongosolo monga momwe angathere.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990