Lev Nikolayevich Revutsky |

Lev Revutsky

Gawo lofunika m'mbiri ya nyimbo za Soviet Soviet likugwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la L. Revutsky. Cholowa cha kulenga cha wolembayo ndi chaching'ono - 2 symphonies, piyano concerto, sonata ndi mndandanda wazithunzi zazing'ono za pianoforte, 2 cantatas ("Handkerchief" yochokera ku ndakatulo ya T. Shevchenko "Sindinayende Lamlungu" ndi mawu-symphonic. ndakatulo ya "Ode to a Song" yochokera ku mavesi a M. Rylsky) , nyimbo, makwaya ndi mitundu yopitilira 120 ya nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Komabe, n’kovuta kusonyeza kuti woimbayo wathandizira kwambiri chikhalidwe cha dziko. konsati wake anali chitsanzo choyamba cha mtundu wanyimbo mu Chiyukireniya akatswiri nyimbo, Symphony Second anaika maziko a Chiyukireniya Soviet symphony. Zosonkhanitsa zake ndi kusintha kwake kunayambitsa kwambiri miyambo yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri a anthu monga N. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko, Ya. Stepova. Revutsky anali woyambitsa wa processing wa nthano Soviet.

Kupambana kwa ntchito ya wolembayo kunabwera m'ma 20s. ndipo zinagwirizana ndi nthawi ya kukula kofulumira kwa kudziwika kwa dziko, kuphunzira mwakhama mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe chake. Panthawiyi, pali chidwi chowonjezeka mu luso la zaka za m'ma 1921, lodzazidwa ndi mzimu wa anti-serfdom. (makamaka ku ntchito ya T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, L. Ukrainka), kwa luso la anthu. Mu 1919, ofesi ya nyimbo ndi ethnographic inatsegulidwa ku Kyiv ku Academy of Sciences ya SSR ya Chiyukireniya, kusonkhanitsa nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu ndi maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu otsogolera akatswiri amtundu wa K. Kvitka, G. Verevka, N. Leontovich anasindikizidwa, ndi magazini a nyimbo zinasindikizidwa. Oyimba woyamba wa symphony waku Republic adawonekera (XNUMX), magulu achipinda, malo owonetserako nyimbo zadziko lonse adatsegulidwa. Zinali m'zaka izi kuti aesthetics Revutskogo potsiriza anapanga, pafupifupi ntchito zake zabwino zonse anaonekera. Nyimbo za Revutsky zozikidwa mozama muzojambula za anthu olemera kwambiri, zidatengera nyimbo zake zapadera zowona mtima komanso kufalikira kwamphamvu, kuwala kwamalingaliro ndi nzeru. Amadziwika ndi mgwirizano wachikale, kufanana, malingaliro owoneka bwino.

Revutsky anabadwira m'banja lanzeru loimba. Zoimbaimba nthawi zambiri zinkachitikira kunyumba, kumene nyimbo za I, S. Bach, WA ​​Mozart, F. Schubert zinkamveka. M'mamawa kwambiri mnyamatayo anadziwa nyimbo ya anthu. Ndili ndi zaka 5, Revutsky anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo ndi mayi ake, kenako ndi aphunzitsi osiyanasiyana zigawo. Mu 1903, iye analowa Kyiv School of Music ndi Drama, kumene limba mphunzitsi wake anali N. Lysenko, wopeka kwambiri ndi woyambitsa wa Chiyukireniya akatswiri nyimbo. Komabe, zofuna za Revutsky ali wamng'ono sizinali nyimbo zokha, ndipo mu 1908 adalowa mu Faculty of Physics ndi Masamu ndi Faculty of Law of Kyiv University. Mofananamo, woimba wamtsogolo amapita ku maphunziro ku RMO Music School. M'zaka izi, panali gulu lamphamvu la opera ku Kyiv, lomwe linkapanga masewera achi Russia ndi Western Europe; nyimbo za symphonic ndi chamber zinkachitika mwadongosolo, oimba ndi oimba otchuka monga S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, V. Landovskaya, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov adayendera. Pang'onopang'ono, moyo wanyimbo wa mzinda captivates Revutsky, ndi kupitiriza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite, iye analowa Conservatory anatsegula pa maziko a sukulu m'kalasi R. Gliere (1913). Komabe, nkhondo ndi kusamutsidwa kwa mabungwe onse a maphunziro okhudzana ndi izo kunasokoneza maphunziro okhazikika. Mu 1916, Revutsky anamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ndi Conservatory pa liwiro lofulumira (mbali ziwiri za Symphony Yoyamba ndi zidutswa zingapo za piyano zinaperekedwa ngati ntchito yofotokozera). Mu 2, amathera kutsogolo kwa Riga. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu ya October Socialist Revolution, kubwerera kwawo ku Irzhavets, wolembayo adachita nawo ntchito yolenga - analemba zachikondi, nyimbo zodziwika bwino, zoimbaimba, ndi imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zabwino kwambiri, cantata The Handkerchief (1917).

Mu 1924, Revutsky anasamukira ku Kyiv ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa pa Music ndi Drama Institute, ndipo pambuyo magawano mu yunivesite ya zisudzo ndi Conservatory, anasamukira ku dipatimenti ya zikuchokera pa Conservatory, kumene kwa zaka zambiri za ntchito. gulu la nyenyezi la oimba aluso a ku Ukraine adasiya kalasi yake - P ndi G. Mayboroda, A. Filippenko, G. Zhukovsky, V. Kireyko, A. Kolomiets. Malingaliro olenga a wolembayo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufalikira ndi kusinthasintha. Koma malo apakati mwa iwo ndi makonzedwe a nyimbo zowerengeka - zoseketsa ndi mbiriyakale, nyimbo ndi miyambo. Umu ndi momwe zidawonekera "Dzuwa, Nyimbo za ku Galician" ndi "Nyimbo za Cossack", zomwe zidatenga malo ofunikira kwambiri pa cholowa cha wolemba. Kulemera kwa chilankhulo cha chilankhulo mu umodzi wa organic ndi miyambo yosinthidwa mwaluso ya nyimbo zamakono zamakono, kumveka bwino kwa nyimbo zomwe zili pafupi ndi nyimbo zamtundu, ndi ndakatulo zinakhala zizindikiro za zolemba za Revutsky. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha kukonzanso mwaluso kotereku chinali Second Symphony (1927), Piano Concerto (1936) ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya symphonic ya Cossack.

Mu 30s. Wolembayo amalemba makwaya a ana, nyimbo zamakanema ndi zisudzo, zida zoimbira ("Ballad" ya cello, "Moldavian lullaby" ya oboe ndi zingwe okhestra). Kuchokera mu 1936 mpaka 1955 Revutsky akugwira ntchito yomaliza ndi kukonza mapangidwe apamwamba a mphunzitsi wake - opera ya N. Lysenko "Taras Bulba". Pamene nkhondo inayamba, Revutsky anasamukira ku Tashkent ndipo ankagwira ntchito ku Conservatory. Malo otsogola pantchito yake tsopano ali ndi nyimbo yokonda dziko lake.

Mu 1944 Revutsky anabwerera ku Kiev. Zimatengera woimbayo khama lalikulu ndi nthawi kuti abwezeretse zambiri za ma symphonies awiri ndi concerto zomwe zinatayika panthawi ya nkhondo - amazilemba mwachidziwitso, kupanga kusintha. Zina mwa ntchito zatsopano ndi "Ode to a Song" ndi "Song of the Party", zolembedwa ngati gawo la cantata pamodzi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, Revutsky adatsogolera Union of Composers of the SSR yaku Ukraine, ndipo adagwira ntchito yayikulu yolemba ntchito zosonkhanitsidwa za Lysenko. Mpaka masiku otsiriza a moyo wake, Revutsky ankagwira ntchito monga mphunzitsi, kufalitsa nkhani, ndi kuchita monga mdani kuteteza dissertations.

... Kamodzi, atadziwika kale ngati mkulu wa nyimbo za ku Ukraine, Lev Nikolayevich anayesa kuwunika njira yake yopangira luso ndipo adakhumudwa ndi ochepa opuses chifukwa cha kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa nyimbo zomalizidwa. Kodi n'chiyani chinam'pangitsa kuti azilimbikira motere mobwerezabwereza kuti abwerere ku zomwe analemba? Kuyesetsa kukhala wangwiro, chowonadi ndi kukongola, kulimbikira ndi mtima wosanyengerera pakuwunika ntchito yako. Izi nthawi zonse anatsimikiza Credo kulenga Revutsky, ndipo pamapeto pake, moyo wake wonse.

O. Dashevskaya